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GENETIC DIVERSITIES IN THE SIXTH - GENERATION OF SELECTION (S6) OF SOME INBRED LINES OF MAIZE BASED ON THE PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERS AND SSR Kustanto, Heri; Basuki, Nur; Sugiharto, Arifin Noor; Kasno, Astanto
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 34, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya and Indonesian Agronomic Assossiation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

The objectives of this research were to find out inbred line diversities based on the phenotype characters and the molecular marker using SSR.Â The research was performed from February to June 2011, which was divided into field research and laboratory research for molecular analysis. The molecular analysis was conducted at the Biotecnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University of Malang. The field trial was done in Kandat, Junrejo, Batu. Materials were used 35 genotypes of maize. Steps for molecular analysis at the laboratory were as followed: (1) DNA isolation, (2) DNA-quality test, (3) PCR SSR, (4) Visualization of the amplification result. The field trial was done by planting genotypes using a RCBD with 2 replications. Result of the dendogram analysis showed that 35 genotypes of maize were divided into 2 main clusters, A and B, that having 35% similarity level. Result for the analysis of variance showed significant difference among genotypes of maize on the entire of the observed phenotype characters. Heritability (H) ranged 61.8% - 98.1%. Coefficient of variance ranged 0.71 â 7.20%. Analysis on the genotypic correlation ranged 0.06 â 1.0. Numbers of rows ear-1 showed significant correlation, in which Jaccardâs similarity coefficient (rs) = +0.43

KERAGAMAN DAN KONTRIBUSI PLASMA NUTFAH KACANG TANAH VARIETAS LOKAL DALAM PEMBENTUKAN VARIETAS UNGGUL Astanto Kasno; , Trustinah
Zuriat Vol 22, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Breeding Science Society of Indonesia (BSSI) / PERIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/zuriat.v22i2.6850

Keragaman genetik berbanding langsung dengan kemajuan seleksi. Keragaman genetik varietas lokal dan kontribusinya dalam pembentukan varietas unggul telah disadari oleh pemulia kacang tanah. Varietas Schwartz 21 merupakan varietas lokal pertama yang di rilis di Indonesia pada tahun 1937 untuk mengatasi wabah penyakit layu. Varietas Schwartz 21 merupakan varietas lokal Tuban. Varietas Gajah, Kidang, Macan dan Banteng yang dilepas tahun 1950 merupakan turunan varietas Schwartz 21. Varietas tersebut masih dikenal petani kacang tanah hingga kini, dan merupakan kacang tanah tipe spanish. Adanya keragaman plasma nutfah varietas lokal kacang tanah terlihat dari karakteristik polong, biji, ketahanan terhadap penyakit layu dan adaptasi terhadap lingkungan abiotik. Pemanfaatan varietas lokal dan kontribusi perbaikan varietas terlihat dari dilepasnya varietas Jepara, varietas Tuban, varietas Bima, varietas Garuda 1 dan Garuda 2. Peningkatan keunggulan varietas lokal terus dilakukan hingga kini. Kacang tanah varietas Jerapah, Sima, Domba, dan varietas Talam 1 merupakan perbaikan varietas lokal. GH 5 galur sedang diusulkan dilepas merupakan turunan silangan varietas lokal Muneng dengan ICGV 92088.

Identifikasi genotipe kacang tanah tenggang terhadap kekeringan pada stadia reproduktif Astanto Kasno
Zuriat Vol 3, No 1 (1992)
Publisher : Breeding Science Society of Indonesia (BSSI) / PERIPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/zuriat.v3i1.6678

Identifikasi genotip kacang tanah toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan pada periode reproduktif talah ditelaah. tujuannya adalah untuk mendapatkan genotip kacang tanah yang toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan selama periode reproduktif dan untuk mengelompokkan populasi berdasarkan tingkat toleransinya terhadap kekeringan. Percobaan lapangan telah dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Muneng dan genteng, Balai Penelitian Tanaman, Malang pada MK II 1989 dengan menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi yang diulang dua kali. Petak utama berupa cara pengairan (pengairan 40 dan 80 hari setelah tanam selama 10 hari) dan 512 genotip kacang tanah sebagai anak petak. hasil polong dan indeks kekeringan digunakan sebagai kriteria penilaian untuk menandai dan memilih genotip kacang tanah yang toleran terhadap kekeringan pada periode reproduktif.Pengairan, genotip dan interaksi antara pengairan dan genotip nayat untuk hasil. Cekaman kekeringan selama periode reproduktif dinilai memadai untuk menandai dan memilih genotip kacng tanah yang toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan pada periode tersebut adalah dengan menghasilkan sedikit polong dengan biji keriput dan berkulit tebal. Kehilangan hasil akibat kekeringan selama periode reproduktif berkisar antara 20%-52%, tergantung genotip, musim dan lokasi. genotip No. 187.2313 dinilai paling toleran terhadap kekeringan selama periode reproduktif, selain itu toleran terhadap penyakit layu dan penyakit daun. Seleksi genotip kacang tanah untuk sifat toleransi terhadap kekeringan, disarankan dilakukan pada musim kemarau dengan pengairan buatan hingga 40 hari setelah tanam. Kelaikan agronomis genotip kekeringan masih perlu diperbaiki melalui program persilangan.

GENETIC DIVERSITIES IN THE SIXTH - GENERATION OF SELECTION (S6) OF SOME INBRED LINES OF MAIZE BASED ON THE PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERS AND SSR Heri Kustanto; Nur Basuki; Arifin Noor Sugiharto; Astanto Kasno
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 34, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v34i2.149

The objectives of this research were to find out inbred line diversities based on the phenotype characters and the molecular marker using SSR. The research was performed from February to June 2011, which was divided into field research and laboratory research for molecular analysis. The molecular analysis was conducted at the Biotecnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University of Malang. The field trial was done in Kandat, Junrejo, Batu. Materials were used 35 genotypes of maize. Steps for molecular analysis at the laboratory were as followed: (1) DNA isolation, (2) DNA-quality test, (3) PCR SSR, (4) Visualization of the amplification result. The field trial was done by planting genotypes using a RCBD with 2 replications. Result of the dendogram analysis showed that 35 genotypes of maize were divided into 2 main clusters, A and B, that having 35% similarity level. Result for the analysis of variance showed significant difference among genotypes of maize on the entire of the observed phenotype characters. Heritability (H) ranged 61.8% - 98.1%. Coefficient of variance ranged 0.71 – 7.20%. Analysis on the genotypic correlation ranged 0.06 – 1.0. Numbers of rows ear-1 showed significant correlation, in which Jaccard’s similarity coefficient (rs) = +0.43

PERBAIKAN DAYA HASIL DAN KETAHANAN KACANG HIJAU TERHADAP HAMA KUMBANG BUBUK MELALUI PERSILANGAN ANTAR SPESIES Lestari Ujianto; Nur Basuki; Kuswanto Kuswanto; Astanto Kasno

Publisher : Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan

ABSTRAK: Persilangan antar spesies kacang hijau dan kacang uci telah berhasil dilakukan. Kacang uci memiliki keunggulan yaitu tahan terhadap hama kumbang bubuk dan jumlah polongnya banyak. Dengan persilangan antar spesies ini dapat memperbaiki daya hasil dan ketahanan kacang hijau terhadap hama kumbang bubuk. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 4 tahap kegiatan yaitu: 1) persilangan antar spesies kacang hijau dengan kacang uci, 2). evaluasi dan seleksi beberapa populasi keturunan persilangan (F1) berdasarkan daya hasil dan ketahanan terhadap hama kumbang bubuk. Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap komponen hasil dan hasil, dan ketahanan terhadap kumbang bubuk menggunakan metode Chiang dan Talekar. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa : 1). Terjadi perbaikan daya hasil dan ketahanan terhadap hama kumbang bubuk pada populasi hasil persilangan antara kacang hijau dan kacang uci. 2). Tingkat daya silang antara varietas yang satu dengan yang lainnya berbeda. Varietas Manyar dan Sampeong memiliki daya silang terhadap kacang uci dibandingkan dengan varietas Vima dan Merak, 3). Karakteristik populasi keturunan hasil persilangan berada diantara kedua tetuanya.

Seed Coat Resistance of Groudnut to Aspergillus Flavus and Their Stability Performance in The Field Astanto Kasno; Trustinah Trustinah; J. Purnomo; Sumartini Sumartini
AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 33, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v33i1.39

One of the weaknesses of the groundnut is the easiness to be infected by fungi, especially Aspergillus flavus that produces aflatoxin. Seed from the field experiments for all step of selection (F5 until to multilocation yield test) after processed then stored for 3 and 6 months, further tested their respons to A. flavus using a standard method. Examined for seed coat resistance to colonization of A. flavus were carried out in laboratory ILETRI (Indonesian of Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute) since years of 2002 to 2006. Stability performance of resistance to A. flavus was analyzed with regression technique. Performance of resistance to A. flavus of selected lines tested were not consistant among 16 of testing envoronments. Among genotypes were also sigficantly different response to A. flavus invasion from location to location, indicated that those performance of some lines were not stable, except line of MHS/91278-99-C-180-5. The highest pod yield was occupied by line of J/91283-99-C-90-8 and stable, however it's resistance to A. flavus did not stable. The resistance of J/91283-99-C-90-8 to A. flavus antil to three months after after seed strored similar with variety of J-11. Keywords: groundnut, Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin

TOLERANCE OF PEANUT GENOTYPES TO ACIDIC SOIL CONDITION Astanto Kasno; Abdullah Taufiq; Trustinah Trustinah
AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 35, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v35i2.284

The acidic soil is generally less productive due to soil pH ranging from 3.1 to 5.0. However, it could be solved through soil amelioration, planting tolerant varieties to acidic soil condition, and a combination of both. Twenty peanut genotypes including two check varieties (Jerapah and Talam 1) were evaluated on dolomite-ameliorated and non ameliorated soil. In the greenhouse, the treatments were laid out in factorial design with four replications, while in the field using strip plot design with three replications. Assessment of tolerance was using Stressed Tolerance Index (STI) according to Fernandez (1992). Results showed that dolomite application at dose equivalent to 0.5 x exchangeable Al was optimal in improving peanut growth, and peanut yield on acidic soil. Lines of GH3 (G/92088/92088-02-B-2-8-1) and GH 4 (G/92088/ 92088-02-B-2-8-2) genotypes had high STI with average yield of 2.47 tha-1 and 2.62 t ha-1 of dry pods and potential yield of 4.05 t ha-1 and 3.73 t ha-1 of dry pods, respectively as well as check varieties (Jerapah and Talam-1). It is concluded that peanut genotype of G/92088//92088-02-B-2-8-1 and G/92088//920 88- 02-B-2-8-2 were adaptable and tolerance to acidic, and tolerance of peanuts on acidic soil condition were probably controlled by the buffering mechanisms. Keywords: peanut, acidic soil, tolerance

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