Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum (JCEF) is a four-monthly journal on Civil Engineering and Environmental related sciences. The journal was established in 1992 as Forum Teknik Sipil, a six-monthly journal published in Bahasa Indonesia, where the first publication was issued as Volume I/1 - January 1992 under the name of Forum Teknik Sipil.
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<![CDATA[Estimating the Velocity of Landslide Movement Using Visco-Plastic Model in Jeruk Sub-village, Kulon Progo District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Myat Thu Naing]]>;
<![CDATA[Teuku Faisal Fathani]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyu Wilopo]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 4 No. 3 (September 2018) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcef.35097
<![CDATA[A ground movement occurred in March and November 2017 on the hills and paddy fields in Jeruk Sub-village, Kulon Progo District, Yogyakarta Special Province. The landslide movement destroyed two houses in the village and the land is still moving especially in the rainy season. The mitigation of landslide hazard requires understanding of landslide triggering factors and its movement mechanism. This paper applies the slope stability analysis and visco-plastic model to predict the movement mechanism and velocity of a translational landslide. The sliding mass is modeled as a low plasticity silt (homogenous soil). The Limit Equilibrium Method is used to estimate the safety factor, whereas the shear strength parameters on the slip surface were determined by using the back analysis approach. The results of the slope stability analysis showed that the shear strength parameters and the fluctuation of groundwater level strongly influence the stability of the landslide. From visco-plastic model simulation, this slope has slow movement velocity with the range of 11.31 to 175.88 mm/day. It is clarified that the velocity of landslide movement is influenced by soil strength parameters, coefficient of dynamic viscosity, and groundwater level fluctuation.]]>
<![CDATA[Experimental Study of Pathogenic Microorganisms Inactivated by Venturi-Type Hydrodynamic Cavitation with Different Throat Lengths ]]>
<![CDATA[Zhiyong Dong]]>;
<![CDATA[Zhaoyu Qin]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 4 No. 3 (September 2018) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcef.38756
<![CDATA[Based on self-developed Venturi-type hydrodynamic cavitation device with different throat length-radius ratios L/R in Hydraulics Laboratory at Zhejiang University of Technology in China, 4 throat length-radius ratios L/R=10, 30, 60 and 100, and 4 raw water percentages V0/V=25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% were considered, Escherichia coli and total colony count were selected for indicator bacteria, effects of throat length-radius ratio, throat velocity, cavitation time, raw water percentage and cavitation number on inactivating pathogenic microorganism in raw water by hydrodynamic cavitation were experimentally studied. The results showed cavitation damage of cells of pathogenic microorganisms occurred by microjets and shock waves due to cavitation bubble collapse. The lower the flow cavitation number, the higher the killing rate of E. coli and total colony count. When flow velocity was lower or raw water percentage was higher, killing rate gradually increased with increase in throat length-radius ratio; when flow velocity was higher or raw water percentage was lower, killing rate was almost independent of throat length-radius ratio. Inactivated effect of pathogenic microorganisms can be further enhanced by increasing throat velocity or prolonging cavitation time. Hydrodynamic cavitation is a novel disinfection technique for drinking water without disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and no need to add disinfectant.]]>
<![CDATA[The Implementation of Combined Roughness and Reflected Model (CRRM) in Tsunami Run-up Simulation through Coastal Vegetation ]]>
<![CDATA[Benazir Benazir]]>;
<![CDATA[Radianta Triatmadja]]>;
<![CDATA[Adam Pamudji Rahardjo]]>;
<![CDATA[Nur Yuwono]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 4 No. 3 (September 2018) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcef.36857
<![CDATA[Hydraulics resistance is commonly used to simulate or replace drag and inertia forces due to vegetation when modeling tsunami run-up. A new numerical method was proposed which was named Combined Roughness and Reflected Model (CRRM). This method accommodates the reflection process of tsunami flow by tree surfaces. A series of experimental work was performed in laboratory to verify the numerical results. The physical process of laboratory work was discussed to explain the interaction between tsunami and vegetation models. The relation of some notable parameters was reviewed for both models. The physical model verified that the deviations between the physical and the numerical model were below 20%. With such numerical method, more challenging forest layout such as zigzag arrangement can be studied more accurately. It is concluded that the zigzag arrangement of trees layout and higher density of trees were capable of reducing tsunami run-up on land significantly. ]]>
<![CDATA[Study on Location Plan of Temporary Shelter for Tsunami Disaster in Kuta Bay of Central Lombok ]]>
<![CDATA[Adi Mawardin]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 4 No. 3 (September 2018) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcef.38787
<![CDATA[Historical record showed in 1977, tsunami attacked Lombok and caused extensive damages due to tectonic activity. Kuta Bay located in the southern area of Lombok has a high risk of earthquake and tsunami, thus mitigation plan on tsunami attack is very important. This study aimed to determine the arrival time, run-up height of tsunami and the coverage areas, so it could be used to determine the temporary shelter location (Tempat Evakuasi Sementara-TES). Simulation of the tsunami wave propagation used the TUNAMI modified (beta version) program with three scenarios of earthquake magnitude variation (Mw), namely 7.7, 8.1, 8.3, and 7.9 (based on the Sumba earthquake event in 1977). Field surveys, questionnaire distributions, and interviews were used in determining input parameters of Tsunami Evacuation Simulation (Simulasi Evakuasi Tsunami-SET) by using 2011 EVACUWARE 1.0 version. Tsunami wave propagation simulation showed the tsunami arrival time on Kuta Bay ranged between 21 - 38 minutes. Tsunami run-up height was about 1.01 - 8.71 meters along Kuta Bay, with the farthest distance of inundation was 860 meters from the seashore. The percentage of survivors based on SET results in scenario 1 and 2 for 20 minutes of evacuation time were respectively, 63.62% and 93.27%.]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluation on Flushing Operation Frequency of Sand Trap of Pendowo and Pijenan Weirs ]]>
<![CDATA[Lilik Hendro Widaryanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 4 No. 3 (September 2018) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcef.37444
<![CDATA[Sediment deposited in the sand trap of Pendowo and Pijenan Weirs are influenced by the water discharge that enters the sand trap, the soil conditions next to the sand trap, and flushing time. The off schedule of the flushing time is because of the farmers’ water demand for their farming fields and fish ponds. These conditions would affect the sand trap performance. Thus, an evaluation is required. The objective of this study was to identify the performance of sand trap in Pendowo Weir and Pijenan Weir. Calculation of the irrigation water demand was aimed to identify the irrigation water discharge. Sediment that was taken from the sand trap was used to identify its index properties followed by the sediment transport calculation applying the Meyer-Peter and Muller formula. The results showed that the sand trap in Pendowo and Pijenan Weirs was still in a good performance, as indicated by their ability to hydraulically deposit and flush the sediment under frequent flushing operation in once every 6 months and 3 months during the rainy season at Pendowo and Pijenan Weir respectively. Further operation of the sand trap at both weirs with the same frequency will sustain the sand trap to function properly.]]>
<![CDATA[Unit Hydrograph Modeling using Geomorphological Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) Method ]]>
<![CDATA[Anantri Sulistyowati]]>;
<![CDATA[Rachmad Jayadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Adam Pamudji Rahardjo]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 4 No. 3 (September 2018) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcef.38860
<![CDATA[Flood forecasting at Wonogiri Reservoir is restricted on the availability of hydrologic data due to limited monitoring gauges. This issue triggers study of unit hydrograph modeling using Geomorphological Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) which is based on Geographic Information System (GIS). Analysis of physical watershed parameters was conducted on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data using software Watershed Modeling System (WMS) 10.1 and ArcGIS. Nash model and S-curve method were used to process triangular GIUH into hourly Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH) and Unit Hydrograph (UH) and then was compared with the observed UH of Collins method. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on parameter of RL and Nash-model k. Evaluation of accuracy of the simulated GIUH runoff hydrograph was also conducted. The GIUH model generated UH with smaller peak discharge Qp, also slower and longer of tp and tb values than the observed UH. Accuracy test of the simulated GIUH runoff hydrograph using Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) shows that Keduang watershed gives a satisfying result, while Wiroko watershed gives less satisfactory result. The inaccuracies occur due to limited flood events used to derive the observed UH and stream tributaries that were not properly modeled based on Strahler method.]]>
<![CDATA[Simulation of Flood Event in Kelantan on December 2014 as revealed by the HEC-HMS ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhamad Zulhilmi Abdul Latif]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 4 No. 3 (September 2018) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcef.34020
<![CDATA[A devastating flood disaster occurred at Kuala Krai, Kelantan on December 2014. The flood disaster had given a significant destructive impact on the infrastructure and as a result, almost 1,600 homes were lost or destroyed. This extreme flood event killed 25 villages and forced 45,467 people in Kuala Krai, Kelantan to be evacuated from their homes. Continuous heavy rain for over three days from the 21st to the 23rd of December, 2014 was set a rainfall record of 1,295 mm, equivalent to the amount of rain usually seen in a span of 64 days. As a result, the water levels of three major rivers, the Sungai Galas in Dabong, the Sungai Lebir in Tualang and the Sungai Kelantan in Jambatan Gueillemard, rose above the dangerous water levels. It is essential to estimate the extent of flood inundation. The objective of this study is to simulate flood event in December 2014 by using HEC-HMS. The results show the peak discharges and inundations occurred approximately on the 25th December 2014; 18,575.7 m3/s to be almost similar magnitude as reported by DID 2014 Flood Report. These findings led to the conclusion that the HEC-HMS model is useful as a flood analysis tool.]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis and Risk Study on Landslide Hazard Frequency at Road Corridor of Batu City – Kediri Regency Border ]]>
<![CDATA[Emil Wahyudianto]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 4 No. 3 (September 2018) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcef.37446
<![CDATA[Road corridor of Kota Batu – Kediri Regency Boundary is a provincial road that has a vital function for the economic and tourism movement from and to Batu City in East Java Province. This inter-regency road is historically vulnerable to disaster events such as landslide, Kali Konto flash flood, Kelud Mountain lahar, flood inundation, etc. This research was referred to Regulation of Ministry of Public Work No.22/PRT/M/2007 on Guidelines for Spatial Planning of Landslide Vulnerable Areas and helped with Geographic Information System (GIS). Method comparison was also conducted by Meiliana (2011) with the indicators from the same regulation, and by using Landslide Hazard Assessment (LHA) method that is based on historical data. The landslide risk mapping with LHA method that is combined with analysis result from the vulnerability of moving vehicles is suggested to be the reference in mapping the mass-movement disaster risk on Indonesian road corridors. Analysis on frequency of rainfall that triggered landslide concluded that the probability of landslide occurrence (PLO) on daily rainfall was 126.2 mm, or 3 days-cumulative rainfall of 192.26 mm.]]>
<![CDATA[Assessment of Vulnerability of Escape Building against Earthquake and Tsunami at Padang City ]]>
<![CDATA[Billy Richard]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 4 No. 3 (September 2018) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcef.34034
<![CDATA[Earthquake occurred in September 30th, 2009 was the worst in the history of earthquake in West Sumatera. Damages of buildings were the main causes of human casualties at that time. The Regional Disaster Management Agency (Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah, BPBD) of West Sumatera has conducted tsunami and earthquake mitigation, one of them is to prepare the Temporary Evacuation Site (TES) as a vertical-evacuation building allowing people to escape from tsunami attack in Padang City. This research was intended for evaluating and mapping the vulnerability potentials of all escape buildings to the earthquake and tsunami hazard. The investigation used Rapid Visual Screening method based on FEMA P-154 (Federal Emergency Management Agency) for assessing vulnerability of the building towards tsunami. According to the category of the obtained vulnerability potential, there were 50%, 33%, 10%, and 7% of escape buildings identified safe, non-structurally vulnerable, structurally vulnerable from earthquake, and vulnerable to tsunami, respectively.]]>
<![CDATA[Hydraulics Performance of Coastal Flood Control in Madukoro Area, Semarang City, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Dian Wahyu Jatmiko]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 4 No. 3 (September 2018) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM ]]>
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DOI: 10.22146/jcef.38126
<![CDATA[Madukoro area located on the northern coast of Semarang City has been prone to flooding caused by rainfall and seawater high-tide. Ineffective flood control management and land subsidence are considered as the cause of this problem. In order to understand land subsidence effect and flood control performance, location, water surface height of the inundation in West Flood Canal, western part of Madukoro area need to analyze. Flood analysis was conducted using HEC-HMS software and rational method. Flow hydraulics on five channels, i.e. the West Flood Canal, Ronggolawe River, Karangayu River, Arterial Channel and Madukoro were analyzed using HEC-RAS software. Increasing levee level and additional water pumps in Madukoro and Ronggolawe were chosen as flood control alternatives. Its performance was investigated through software simulation. The results showed total runoff volume in all drainage channels for 2-years return period discharge was about 80% of capacity with 0.7 m water depth. Runoff volume in West Flood Canal with 50-years return period discharge was about 40%. Land subsidence 4 cm/year affected the water level increase on West Flood Canal. Operation of 2 - 4 pump units could not significantly decrease water level at flood peak, yet increase flood recession time 6 - 8 hours. ]]>
