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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri merupakan publikasi ilmiah primer yang memuat hasil penelitian primer komoditas perkebunan yang belum dimuat pada media apapun, diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, DIPA 2011 terbit empat kali setahun.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 19, No 1 (2013): Maret 2013" : 6 Documents clear
PATOGENISITAS DUA ISOLAT LOKAL JAMUR Nomuraea rileyi (FARLOW) SAMSON TERHADAP Helicoverpa armigera HUBNER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IGAA. INDRAYANI; HERI PRABOWO; SRI MULYANINGSIH
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 1 (2013): Maret 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n1.2013.1-7

Abstract

ABSTRAKEpizootik Nomuraea rileyi telah berkembang secara alami dalampopulasi lebih dari 30 spesies serangga inang, termasuk H. armigera.Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Patologi Serangga BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat Malang mulai Januari hinggaDesember 2011, tujuannya untuk mengetahui patogenisitas dua isolat lokaljamur entomopatogen N. rileyi terhadap larva H. armigera. Penelitianterdiri atas dua faktor perlakuan, faktor 1 adalah dua isolat lokal N. rileyi,yaitu ML 01 dan LG 02, dan faktor 2 adalah konsentrasi konidia, yaitu: 2,2x 10 5 ; 4,5 x 10 5 ; 2,2 x 10 6 ; 4,5 x 10 6 ; 2,2 x 10 7 ; 4,5 x 10 7 ; 2,2 x 10 8 ; 4,5 x10 8 konidia/ml, dan kontrol. Setiap perlakuan disusun dalam RancanganAcak Kelompok Faktorial dengan tiga kali ulangan. Aplikasi jamur padalarva H. armigera dilakukan dengan metode kontaminasi permukaanmedia yang berupa daun kapas muda (1cm 2 ) di dalam ruangan bersuhu25±1⁰C dan kelembapan 75-80%. Parameter yang diamati adalahmortalitas larva, LC 50 dan LT 50 , serta bobot larva. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa tingkat patogenisitas isolat ML 01 terhadap larva H.armigera lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan isolat LG 02. Isolat ML 01menyebabkan mortalitas larva H. armigera antara 51,13-85,56% (LC 50  =2,5 x 10 2  Konidia/ml) dan isolat LG 02 antara 43,36-78,90%, (LC 50  =5x10 6  Konidia/ml). LT 50 isolat ML 01 antara 5,2-5,5 hari, sedangkan isolatLG 02 antara 6,8-7,0 hari, terutama pada konsentrasi 2,2-4,5 x 10 8konidia/ml. Terdapat korelasi positif yang erat antara konsentrasi konidiadan mortalitas larva baik pada isolat ML 01 (r=0,975) maupun LG 02(r=0,980), demikian pula antara konsentrasi konidia dan kehilangan bobotlarva pada isolat ML 01 (r=0,982) dan LG 02 (r=0,972).Kata kunci: Helicoverpa armigera, Nomuraea rileyi, patogenisitas, isolat,mortalitasABSTRACTThe epizootic of the fungi Nomuraea rileyi has naturally developedin more than 30 species of insect host population, including cottonbollworm, H. armigera. A study on pathogenicity of two local isolates ofNomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson fungi against Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was conducted at Insect PathologyLaboratory of Indonesian Sweeteners and Fibers Crops Research Institute(ISFCRI) in Malang from January to December 2011 in order to find outthe pathogenicity of the isolates against H. armigera larvae. This studyconsists of two factors as treatment. The first factor was N. rileyi isolates,e.g. ML 01 and LG 02, and the second factor were eight conidiaconcentrations, viz. 2.2 x 10 5 ; 4.5 x 10 5 ; 2.2 x 10 6 ; 4.5 x 10 6 ; 2.2 x 10 7 ; 4.5x 10 7 ; 2.2 x 10 8 ; 4.5 x 10 8 conidia/ml, and one untreated control.Treatments were arranged in Factorial Randomized Block Design withthree replications. Suspense of conidia was applied by surfacecontamination method of cotton leaf as medium at 25±1⁰C of temperatureand 75-80% of humidity. Parameter observed were larval mortality, LC 50 ,LT 50 , and larval weight. Result showed that ML 01 isolate was morepathogenic against H. armigera larvae than LG 02 isolate based on larvalmortality, LC 50 , and LT 50 . Percentage of mortality of H. armigera larvaedue to ML 01 and LG 02 infection were 51.1- 85.56% and 43.36-78.90%,respectively. The LC 50 of ML 01 and LG 02 isolates was 5.2-5.5 days and6.8-7.0 days, respectively.There are closest positive correlation betweenconidia concentration and percentage of mortality on ML 01 (r = 0.975)and LG 02 (r = 0.980) isolates as well as between conidia concentrationand larval weight loss on ML 01 (r = 0.982) and LG 02 (r = 0.972)isolates.Key words: Helicoverpa armigera, Nomuraea rileyi, pathogenicity,isolate, mortality
PEMANFAATAN KOMPOS TANAMAN AIR SEBAGAI PEMBAWA INOKULAN MIKORIZA PADA BUDIDAYA LADA PERDU DI LAHAN BEKAS TAMBANG TIMAH YULIUS FERRY; JUNIATI TOWAHA; RR. K. D. SASMITA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 1 (2013): Maret 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n1.2013.15-22

Abstract

ABSTRAKLahan bekas tambang yang dapat dijadikan lahan alternatif untukpengembangan budidaya lada di Bangka cukup tersedia. Penggunaan lahanbekas tambang sebagai lahan budidaya memerlukan pembenahan misalnyapenambahan mikroorganisme seperti mikoriza. Selama ini bahan pembawapupuk hayati mikoriza menggunakan zeolit. Padahal tersedia bahan lainseperti bahan organik yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai alternatif bahanpembawa inokulan mikoriza. Penelitian yang bertujuan memperolehformula bahan organik sebagai bahan pembawa bahan mikoriza yangsesuai digunakan pada budidaya lada di lahan bekas tambang timah diBangka. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2010-2011 (2 tahun) dilaboratorium dan rumah paranet di Balai Peneitian Tanaman Rempah danAneka Tanaman Industri serta lahan petani di Desa Kulur, KabupatenBangka Tengah. Untuk formulasi bahan pembawa mikoriza percobaanmenggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan formulasibahan pembawa yaitu, 100% zeolit, 60% kompos enceng gondok+40%zeolit; 80% kompos enceng gondok+20% zeolit; 100% kompos encenggondok;  60%  kompos  kiambang+40%  zeolit;  80%  komposkiambang+20% zeolit dan 100% kompos kiambang. Untuk pengujiandosis dan formula bahan pembawa mikoriza terhadap pertumbuhan ladaperdu di lahan bekas tambang, percobaan disusun sesuai denganrancangan Split Plot dalam Acak Kelompok dengan petak utama adalahjenis formula yaitu (1). kontrol 100% zeolit; (2). 60% kompos encenggondok + 40% zeolit; (3). 80% kompos enceng gondok + 20% zeolit; (4).100% kompos enceng gondok; (5). 60% kompos kiambang + 40% zeolit;(6). 80% kompos kiambang + 20% zeolit, dan (7). 100% komposkiambang. Sebagai anak petak adalah dosis pemberian yaitu; (1). 20g/tanaman; (2). 40 g/tanaman, dan (3). 60 g/tanaman. Hasil penelitian inimenujukkan bahwa formula dari bahan kompos enceng gondok ataukiambang 80% dengan zeolit dapat dijadikan bahan pembawa mikorizauntuk pupuk hayati lada perdu di lahan bekas tambang, dengan dosis 60g/tanaman.Kata Kunci : lada, tanaman air, mikoriza, lahan bekas tambangABSTRACTAvailable post-tin mining soil can be used as an alternative land forpepper cultivation in Bangka. The use of mined lands as the cultivation,requiring improvements, such as the addition of mycorrhizae. During thesemycorrhizal biofertilizer carriers using zeolite. Though available materialssuch as organic materials that can be developed as an alternative carriermycorrhizal inoculant. The research aims to obtain an alternative formulaof organic materials as a suitable carrier materials used in mycorrhizalpepper plants have been implemented. This study conducted in 2010-2011(2 years) in the laboratory and home paranet of Crops Research Institutefor Industrial Crops Spices and various land and farmers in the village ofKulur, Central Bangka regency. For carrier formulations mycorrhizal,experiments using a completely randomized design (CRD) with treatmentformulations carrier ie, 100% zeolite, 60% water hyacinth compost +40%zeolite, 80% water hyacinth compost +20% zeolite; 100% water hyacinthcompost, 60% salvinia + 40% zeolite, 80% salvinia compost +20% zeoliteand 100% salvinia compost. To test the dose and formulation of the carrieron the growth of mycorrhizal pepper shrubs on mined lands, prepared inSplit Plot design, as the main plot is a type of formula that is (1). controls100% zeolite, (2). 60% water hyacinth compost + 40% zeolite, (3). 80%water hyacinth compost + 20% zeolite, (4). 100% water hyacinth compost,(5). 60% + 40% compost kiambang zeolite, (6). 80% + 20% compostkiambang zeolite, and (7). 100% compost kiambang. As a subplot wasadministered dose that is: (1). 20 g / plant, (2). 40 g / plant, and (3). 60 g /plant.The results of this study showed that the formula of water hyacinthcompost or salvinia 80% of the zeolite can be used as a carrier material formycorrhiza biofertilizer bushy pepper on the post-tin mining soil, with adose of 60 g/plant.Keywords: plant water, mycorrhiza, post-tin mining soil
PATOGENISITAS BEBERAPA ISOLAT CENDAWAN TERBAWA BENIH KAKAO HIBRIDA BAHARUDIN, BAHARUDIN; PURWANTARA, A.; ILYAS, S.; SUHARTANTO, M.R.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 1 (2013): Maret 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n1.2013.8-14

Abstract

ABSTRAKBenih kakao hibrida diketahui dapat membawa beberapa mikrobayang bersifat patogenik dan menurunkan mutu benih. Penelitian bertujuanuntuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa isolat cendawan terbawa benihterhadap penurunan viabilitas benih dan vigor bibit kakao hibrida.Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Benih Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan KakaoIndonesia, Jember, Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan rumah kaca BalaiPenelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia, Bogor, pada bulan Julisampai November 2008. Penelitian menggunakan 13 cendawan terbawabenih kakao hibrida. Benih diperoleh dari persilangan buatan antara kakaoTSH 858 dengan Sca 6. Penelitian menggunakan model Rancangan AcakLengkap dengan 4 ulangan. Inokulasi patogen pada benih kakao dilakukandengan cara merendam benih di dalam suspensi patogen dengan kerapatan10 6 spora/ml selama 30 menit. Selanjutnya benih ditanam pada media pasirsteril dalam boks plastik ukuran 30 x 30 cm, menurut rancangannya.Setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Parameter yang diamati adalah dayaberkecambah, indeks vigor, kecepatan tumbuh relatif, kecepatanberkecambah T 50 , laju pertumbuhan kecambah, jumlah daun, tinggi bibit,panjang akar, jumlah akar dan kematian benih. Data dianalisis denganANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa ke-13 spesies cendawan bersifat patogenikpada benih kakao hibrida. Cendawan patogen terbawa benih yang bersifatpatogenik adalah Aspergillus flavus, A. ochraceus, Cladosporiumherbanum,  Curvularia  geniculata,  Fusarium  oxysporum,  Phomaglomerata dan Macrophoma sp. Cendawan patogen tersebut dapatmenurunkan daya berkecambah 20-40%, indeks vigor 30-47%, kecepatantumbuh relatif 13-45%, dan meningkatkan kecepatan perkecambahan(T 50 menurun) dari 0,62-7,36 hari. Ke-13 isolat patogen dapatmenyebabkan kematian benih 29-52% dibanding kontrol. Ke-13 isolatpatogen juga menginfeksi bagian tanaman seperti kotiledon, daun, batangdan akar bibit kakao, namun hanya Phoma glomerata dan Macrophomasp. yang menurunkan tinggi bibit, jumlah daun, jumlah dan panjang akarsecara nyata. Tujuh dari 13 isolat cendawan patogen terbawa benih tidakhanya menurunkan viabilitas dan vigor benih kakao hibrida tetapi jugadapat berkembang pada bibit sehingga perlu penanganan benih secara dini.Kata kunci: benih hibrida, patogen terbawa benih, viabilitas, vigor benih,Theobroma cacaoABSTRACTIn 2009 revitalization of cacao plantations in Indonesia required 168million seeds. Distribution of low quality and infected seeds leads to hugelosses and in a long term will destruct cultivation of cacao. Seed-bornepathogens of infected cacao hybrid seeds are dangerous because they mayreduce physiological qualities of the seeds. The study aimed atdetermining the effect of several isolates of seed borne fungi on theviability and vigor of hybrid cacao seeds as well as growth of theseedlings. The study was conducted at the Seed Garden Indonesian Coffeeand Cacao Research Center in Jember, Microbiology Laboratory and glasshouse of Biotechnology Research Institute for Estate Crops of Indonesia,Bogor, from July to November 2008. The study used 13 seed-borne fungiin hybrid cacao. The cacao seeds were obtained from hand pollinatedcrossing between TSH 858 with Sca 6. The experiment was arranged usingCompletely Randomized Design with four replicates. Cacao seeds wereinoculated by immersing them for 30 minutes in the spore suspension of13 isolates of seed-borne fungi CTB at a density of 10 6 spores/ml. Afterinoculation, the seeds were planted on sterile sand in a plastic box (30 x 30cm). Parameters observed were germination rate, vigor index, KCT-R T 50rate of seedling growth, leaf number, seedling height, root length, rootnumber, and level of pathogenicity. Data were analyzed by ANOVAfollowed with Duncan's Multiple Test. The results showed that the 13species of seed-borne pathogens were in hybrid cacao seeds with varyingpathogenicity. The most pathogenic fungi were Aspergillus flavus,Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium herbanum, Curvularia geniculata,Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma glomerata, and Macrophoma sp. Seed bornepathogenic fungi had the ability to reduce seed germination of 20-40%,vigor index of 30-47%, relative growth rate of 13-45%, and delayedgermination speed (T 50 decreases) from 0.62 to 7.36 days. Seed bornepathogens caused (29-52%) death seed compared to control. All that 13isolates of seed-borne pathogens infected plant tissues such as cotyledons,leaves, stems, and roots of cacao seedlings, but only isolates of Phomaglomerata and Macrophoma sp. which lowered the height of seedlings,leaf number, root number and length. The study indicated that infection ofseed-borne pathogens on cacao seed hybrid can cause seed death.Therefore, seeds should be handled properly.Key words: hybrid seeds, seed borne pathogens, viability, seed vigor,Theobroma cacao
PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN, FOSFOR, DAN KALIUM PADA TANAMAN AKAR WANGI ROSIHAN ROSMAN; OCTIVIA TRISILAWATI; SETIAWAN SETIAWAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 1 (2013): Maret 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n1.2013.33-40

Abstract

ABSTRAKDosis pupuk N, P, dan K optimal untuk akar wangi belum diketahuidan penggunaannya  masih beragam. Penelitian bertujuan untukmendapatkan komposisi dosis pupuk N, P, dan K optimal yang dapatmeningkatkan produktivitas akar wangi. Penelitian dilakukan di DesaSukakarya, Garut dari bulan Januari 2009 sampai dengan Desember 2010menggunakan rancangan Acak Kelompok, dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuanmeliputi 9 kombinasi pupuk N, P, dan K: (1). Kontrol; (2) 100 kg SP-36 +75 kg KCl; (3) 100 kg ZA + 75 kg KCl; (4) 100 kg ZA + 50 kg SP-36 + 75kg KCl; (5) 100 kg ZA + 100 kg SP-36 + 75 kg KCl; (6) 100 kg ZA + 100kg SP-36 + 150 kg KCl; (7) 100 kg ZA + 100 kg SP-36; (8) 200 kg ZA +100 kg SP-36 + 75 kg KCl; (9) 200 kg ZA + 100 kg SP-36 + 150 kg KCl.Panen dilakukan pada 12, 14, dan 16 bulan setelah tanam (BST). Hasilmenunjukkan bahwa pemupukan dosis 100 kg ZA + 75 kg KClmenghasilkan minyak 52,59 dan 67,78 kg/ha (12 dan 14 BST) dan 200 kgZA + 100 kg SP-36 + 75 kg KCl menghasilkan 67,76 kg /ha (16 BST),dengan kadar vetiverol lebih dari 50%.Kata kunci: Vetiveria zizanioides, pemupukan, vetiverol, produksi, mutuminyakABSTRACTThe optimum dosage of N, P, and K fertilizer has not been knownyet and it usage was still varied. The research aim is to obtain an optimalcomposition of N, P, and K fertilizer that could increase productivity ofvetiver crop. The researsch has been conducted in Sukakarya Village,Garut, from January 2009 to December 2010. The research was arrangedin randomized block design, with 3 replications and N, P, and K fertilizercombination treatments i.e.: (1) Control; (2) 100 kg SP-36 + 75 kg KCl;(3) 100 kg ZA + 75 kg KCl; (4) 100 kg ZA + 50 kg SP-36 + 75 kg KCl;(5) 100 kg ZA + 100 kg SP-36 + 75 kg KCl; (6) 100 kg ZA + 100 kg SP-36 + 150 kg KCl; (7) 100 kg ZA + 100 kg SP-36; (8) 200 kg ZA + 100 kgSP-36 + 75 kg KCl; (9) 200 kg ZA + 100 kg SP-36 + 150 kg KCl.Harvesting was done at 12, 14 and 16 months after planting (MAP). Theresult showed that the dose of 100 kg ZA + 75 kg KCl produced vetiver oil52,59 and 67,78 kg/ha (12 and 14 MAP). Meanwhile the dose of 200 kgZA + 100 kg SP-36 + 75 kg KCl produced 67,76 kg/ha (16 MAP),respectively. vetiverol content were more than 50%.Key words: Vetiveria zizanioides, fertilizing, vetiverol, production, oilquality
ANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK Phytophthora capsici Leonian ASAL LADA (Piper nigrum L.) MENGGUNAKAN PENANDA MOLEKULER CHAERANI CHAERANI; SRI KOERNIATI; DYAH MANOHARA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 1 (2013): Maret 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n1.2013.23-32

Abstract

ABSTRAKPhytophthora capsici adalah penyebab penyakit busuk pangkalbatang yang paling merugikan pada lada di Indonesia dan sulitdikendalikan karena dapat bertahan lama dalam tanah serta memilikikeragaman agresivitas isolat luas. Pengetahuan mengenai keragamangenetik strain-strain P. capsici dapat membantu perancangan strategiefektif pengelolaan patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasikeragaman dan struktur genetik isolat-isolat P. capsici asal ladamenggunakan penanda RAPD. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulanOktober 2009 sampai April 2010 di Laboratorium Biokimia BB Biogendan Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Balittro. Keragaman genetik 59isolat P. capsici yang berasal dari koleksi kultur tahun 1982-2009 dari 37lokasi di Sumatera, Bangka, Jawa, dan Kalimantan, dikarakterisasimenggunakan enam primer RAPD. Pengelompokan menggunakanunweighted pair-group method with arithmatic averaging (UPGMA)berdasarkan profil RAPD membagi ke-59 isolat ke dalam lima gerombolutama; yang menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik tinggi antar isolat.Pengelompokan RAPD tidak berkaitan dengan asal lokasi isolat. Analysisof molecular variance (AMOVA) juga menunjukkan adanya keragamangenetik yang tinggi di antara isolat-isolat P. capsici, dengan ragam genetiktotal sebesar 96% terletak di dalam masing-masing pulau (withinpopulations). Namun demikian, terdapat ragam genetik antar isolat daripulau berbeda (among populations) yang signifikan (4% ; P=0,001), yaituantar populasi di Sumatera dan Bangka dengan jarak genetik sebesar 0,081(P=0,002). Ketidakterkaitan antara pengelompokan RAPD dengan asallokasi geografik isolat dan ragam genetik yang tinggi dalam satu pulaudapat diakibatkan oleh terjadinya penyebaran isolat antar daerah, terutamamelalui bibit tanaman yang terinfestasi P. capsici. Pencegahan penyebaranisolat antar pulau perlu dilakukan melalui sertifikasi bibit bebas penyakitBPB dan pengembangan sistem perbenihan lokal.Kata kunci: lada, penyakit busuk pangkal batang, Phytophthora capsici,RAPD, keragaman genetik, struktur populasiABSTRACTPhytophthora capsici is the causal agent of foot rot, the mostdestructive disease of pepper in Indonesia and difficult to control .Knowledge in the genetic structure of P. capsici strains can enrichdesigning effective disease management strategies. This study was aimedat analyzing the genetic variability and structure of P. capsici isolates frompepper using RAPD. The study was done from October 2009 until April2010 at the Biochemical Laboratory of Indonesian Center for AgriculutralBiotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, and thePlant Pest and Disease Laboratory of the Indonesian Research Institute ofSpice and Medicinal Crops. Fifty-nine isolates collected from 1982 to2009 from Sumatera, Bangka, Java, and Kalimantan were characterizedbased on six RAPD markers. Unweighted pair-group method witharithmatic averaging (UPGMA) clustering based on RAPD profilesdivided the isolates into five major cluster, which indicated high geneticvariability among isolates. No apparent relationship between RAPDclustering and geographic origin of isolate was observed. Hierarchicalpartitioning of genetic variation using analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) confirmed the overall high variability among isolates, with96% of total genetic variance was resided among isolates within islands(within populations). Nevertheless, a small (4%) but significant (P=0.001)genetic variance among isolates between different islands (amongpopulations) were observed, which was detected between populations inSumatera and Bangka with genetic distance (Ф PT ) as high as 0,081(P=0,002). The lack of association between RAPD clustering andgeographic origin as well as high genetic variance within populations mayhave been the result of movement of isolates between locations, mostlikely through infested plant cuttings. Use of certified and development ofblackpepper clones locally are required to prevent disease spread amongislands.Keywords: black pepper, foot rot disease, Phytophthora capsici, geneticdiversity, RAPD, population structure
FRAKSINASI KERING MINYAK KELAPA MENGGUNAKAN KRISTALISATOR SKALA 120 KG UNTUK MENGHASILKAN FRAKSI MINYAK KAYA TRIASILGLISER0L RANTAI MENENGAH MURSALIN MURSALIN; PURWIYATNO HARIYADI; EKO HARI PURNOMO; NURI ANDARWULAN; DEDI FARDIAZ
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 1 (2013): Maret 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n1.2013.41-50

Abstract

ABSTRAKMinyak kelapa merupakan sumber medium chain triglycerides(MCT) utama. Melalui proses fraksinasi dapat dihasilkan fraksi minyakdengan kandungan MCT tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajaripengaruh berbagai faktor perlakuan dingin terhadap kristalisasi danfraksinasi minyak kelapa, serta untuk menetapkan prosedur pendinginanyang efektif dalam menghasilkan fraksi minyak dengan kandungan MCTtinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium SEAFAST CENTER IPBdari bulan Maret 2012 sampai bulan Februari 2013. Fraksinasi dilakukandengan memanaskan minyak pada suhu 70°C lalu didinginkan padaberbagai laju pendinginan untuk mencapai beberapa variasi suhukristalisasi, diaduk dengan kecepatan 15 rpm, dibiarkan mengkristal padalama waktu yang berbeda (hingga 900 menit), serta difraksinasi denganpenyaringan vakum menggunakan kertas Whatman 40. Tiga tahappendinginan yang merupakan faktor kunci keberhasilan proses kristalisasiminyak kelapa yaitu tahap pendinginan awal dari suhu 70 hingga 29°C;tahap pendinginan kritis 29°C hingga suhu kristalisasi; dan tahapkristalisasi itu sendiri. Pada tahap pertama minyak kelapa didinginkansecepat mungkin untuk menurunkan waktu proses, tetapi pada tahap keduaharus dilaksanakan dengan laju pendinginan lambat (kurang dari 0,176°C/menit) untuk menghasilkan kristal yang berukuran besar dan tidak mudahmeleleh. Minyak dengan kandungan triasilgliserol tinggi dapat diperolehdari fraksi olein minyak kelapa. Pada perlakuan suhu kristalisasi 21,30-21,73°C untuk laju pendinginan kritis antara 0,013 hingga 0,176°C/menit,semakin rendah laju pendinginan kritis dan semakin lama proseskristalisasi maka kandungan MCT fraksi olein yang dihasilkan akansemakin tinggi.Kata kunci: minyak kelapa, laju pendinginan, kristalisasi, fraksinasi, MCTABSTRACTCoconut oil is the main source of medium chain triglycerides(MCT). Fractionation produce oil fraction containing MCT concentrate.This research aims to study the influence of various factors of coolingtreatment on the crystallization and fractionation of coconut oil, and toestablish effective cooling procedure to produce oil fraction with highMCT content. The research was conducted in Laboratorium of SEAFASTCENTER IPB from March 2012 to February 2013. Coconut oil washeated at 70°C then cooled at different cooling rate to reach variouscrystalization temperatures. The oil was then stirred at 15 rpm and allow tocrystallized at different period of time (up to 900 min), and finallyfractionated by vacuum filtration using Whatman #40 paper. Fractionationtemperatures was the same as crystalization temperature. The resultsshowed that there were three distinct cooling regimes critical tocrystallization process, i.e temperature range from 70 to 29°C; 29°C tocrystallization temperature; and crystallization temperature. In the firstregime, melted coconut oil might be cooled quickly to save time, but in thesecond regime need be done with a cooling rate of less than 0.176°C/minto produce physically stable crystal. Oil with high triacylglycerol contentcould be obtained from olein fraction of coconut oil. At the crystallizationtemperature 21.30-21.73°C for the critical cooling rate between 0.013 to0.176°C/min, the higher MCT content of olein fraction were produced bythe lower critical cooling rate and the longer crystallization process.Keywords: fractionation, crystallization, MCT, coconut oil, cooling rate.

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