<![CDATA[Mual muntah pascaoperasi dapat meningkatkan morbiditas dan memperpanjang masa rawat pascaoperasi.Haloperidol adalah obat tranquilizer major golongan dari butirofenon yang mempunyai efek reseptor D2 antagonis.Penggunaan kombinasi haloperidol dan deksametason sebagai antiemetik profilaksis dapat menguntungkan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kombinasi haloperidol 0,5 mg dan deksametason 5 mg denganondansetron 4 mg terhadap kejadian mual muntah pascaoperasi pada operasi modified radical mastectomy.Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 42 wanita (kurang dari 50 tahun) status fisik ASA I-II yang menjalani operasimodifikasi mastektomi radikal secara uji acak terkontrol buta ganda dalam anestesi umum. Pasien dibagi menjadidua kelompok yaitu 21 orang menerima haloperidol 0,5 mg ditambah deksametason 5 mg dan 21 orang menerimaondansetron 4 mg yang diberikan setelah intubasi dilakukan. Pasien diberikan analgetik ketorolak dan petidinintravena secara kontinu pascaoperatif. Evaluasi yang dinilai adalah tekanan darah, laju nadi, dan saturasioksigen. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan terdapat kecenderungan keluhan mual muntah pascaoperasi lebihbanyak terjadi pada kelompok ondansetron 4 mg (38,1%) dibanding dengan kelompok kombinasi haloperidol0,5 mg dan deksametason 5 mg (4,8%). Pada analisis statistik yang dilakukan dengan uji Chi-Square didapatkanhasil perbedaan yang bermakna (p kurang dari 0,05). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian kombinasihaloperidol 0,5 mg dan deksametason 5 mg intravena lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ondansetron 4 mg intravenadalam menurunkan kejadian mual muntah pascaoperasi modified radical mastectomy.
Kata kunci: deksametason, haloperidol, modified radical mastectomy, mual muntah, ondansetron
Postoperative nausea and vomiting can lead to increase morbidity and lengthened postoperative hospital stay.Haloperidol is a major tranquilizer with a D2 receptor antagonist effect. A combination of haloperidol anddexamethasone is also effective to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting, which offers beneficial effectssuch as lower cost, longer duration and are easy to find. The aim of this study is to compare a combination ofhaloperidol 0,5 mg and dexamethasone 5 mg with ondansetron 4 mg in managing postoperative nausea andvomiting following modified radical mastectomy. The study was done by conducting a double blind randomizedcontrolled trial of 42 subjects, women aged under 50 years old, who underwent modified radical mastectomy undergeneral anesthesia, with physical status ASA I-II. Patients were divided into two groups: 21 patients receivedcombination of haloperidol 0,5 mg and dexamethasone 5 mg, and 21 patients received ondansetron 4 mg, afterintubation. Intravenous ketorolac and pethidine were given as postoperative analgesia. Blood pressure, heartrate, oxygen saturation and length of surgery was recorded.The result of this study was postoperative nausea andvomiting occurs more frequent in the ondansetron 4 mg group (38,1%) compared to combination of haloperidol0,5 mg and dexamethasone 5 mg group (4,8%). In statistical analysis performed with Chi-Square test showedthere was significant difference between the two groups (p<0,05). As a conclusion of this study is intravenouscombination of haloperidol 0,5 mg and dexamethasone 5 mg better than ondansetron 4 mg in lowering theincidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after modified radical mastectomy.
Key words: Dexamethasone, haloperidol, modified radical mastectomy, nausea and vomiting, ondansetron
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