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<![CDATA[Studi Efektivitas Ekstraksi (Capsaicin) Dari Cabai (Capsicum) Dengan Metode Sfme (Solvent Free Microwave Extraction) ]]>
<![CDATA[Lutvianto Pebri Handoko]]>;
<![CDATA[Yeni Variyana]]>;
<![CDATA[Mahfud Mahfud]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik ITS Vol 6, No 2 (2017) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (DRPM), ITS ]]>
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DOI: 10.12962/j23373539.v6i2.24484
<![CDATA[Cabai merupakan salah satu jenis komoditi holtikultura yang penting dan digemari oleh masyarakat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Cabai dapat digunakan untuk bumbu masak sehari-hari, Industri makanan dan obat-obatan. Namun masalah yang terjadi adalah ketika adanya fluktuasi harga yang sangat merugikan petani cabai. Terlebih apabila hasil panen sedang meningkat sehingga ketersediaan komoditas ini semakin banyak, tentu hal ini dibarengi dengan turunnya harga yang membuat hasil penjualan petani tidak mampu menutup biaya produksi yang digunakan. Oleh karena itu, melalui serangkaian proses penelitian ini diharapkan mampu menghasilkan proses ekstraksi cabai yang digunakan sekelompok petani cabai untuk mengekstraksi produk cabai yang melimpah pada saat musimnya sehingga bisa diubah menjadi produk yang memiliki nilai jual tinggi. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan beberapa tahap yaitu meliputi tahap persiapan berupa studi literatur dan observasi laboratorium; perancangan alat dimana alat yang akan digunakan adalah MASE (Microwave Assisted Soxhlet Extraction). Untuk treatment bahan baku diambil sampel cabai rawit segar dilanjutkan dengan proses ekstraksi yaitu dengan menggunakan metode MASE dan tahap analisa dengan variabel-variabel massa cabai dengan jenis bahan baku Cabai Rawit segar yaitu massa cabai rawit (0,04; 0,08; 0,12; 0,16; dan 0,2 gram). Daya microwave (400 W, 600 W, dan 800 W). Siklus proses di microwave ( 2; 4; 6; 8; dan 10 cycle). Kemudian uji kadar ekstrak cabai dengan secara kuantitatif; dan menghitung yield yang dihasilkan sehingga dapat diketahui kondisi yang paling tinggi. Hasil Penelitian menghasilkan yield ekstrak cabai rawit segar dengan metode Microwave Assisted Soxhlet Extraction (MASE) adalah 400 W dengan 8 extraction cycle, massa cabai rawit 20 gram menghasilkan yield sebesar 8,4824%. Hasil Uji High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) mengandung capsaicin sebesar (0,453±0,004) %b/b atau sebesar (45.3±0,4) ppm. ]]>
<![CDATA[Optimization Using Solvent-Free Microwave Hydro-diffusion Gravity Extraction of Onion Oil from Allium cepa by Response Surface Methodology ]]>
<![CDATA[Yeni Variyana]]>;
<![CDATA[Mahfud Mahfud]]>
<![CDATA[ IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science Vol 30, No 3 (2019) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[IPTEK, LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember ]]>
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DOI: 10.12962/j20882033.v30i3.5474
<![CDATA[Extraction from Allium cepa using solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) without solvent was chosen as a method in the extraction process. The method is combined with microwave hydro-diffusion gravity (MHG) technique. In this paper, onion oil was extracted from Allium cepa using solvent-free microwave hydro-diffusion gravity extraction which is as an alternative technique to produce onion oil and it has several advantages in terms of product quality and high yield. The highest yield was obtained from this research at 100 g, 450 W and 15 min is 2.5875%. Furthermore, response surface methodology (RSM) was designed to evaluate the effects of mass of raw material (g), microwave power (W) and extraction time (min) for optimization of experimental data. Response surface methodology gave the optimum condition at 99.738 g, 465.067 W, and 17.817 min is 2.677%. The error rates between the experimental and predicted model which are less than 5% indicate that values obtained in optimal conditions correspond to theoretical values and it can be used as a reference for optimizing]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluation and Optimization for Extraction Parameters of Allium sativum Extract using Microwave Hydrodistillation (MHD) ]]>
<![CDATA[Yeni Variyana]]>;
<![CDATA[Mahfud Mahfud]]>
<![CDATA[ CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 8, No 2 (2021): December 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Ahmad Dahlan ]]>
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DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v8i2.20844
<![CDATA[Allium sativum L extraction using microwave hydrodistillation (MHD) was chosen as one of the techniques for becoming a safer and greener technology. The yield of garlic oil obtained by MHD using water as solvent. The optimization was designed by response surface methodology (RSM) to evaluate and analyze the effect parameters of raw material mass, microwave power, and extraction time. The highest yield was found in 100 g, 450 W, and 90 min of 0.1392% based on experimental data. In addition, RSM using the quadratic model predicted that optimal condition at 88.09 g, 474.94 W, and 99.53 min was 0.1430%, respectively. An ANOVA analysis resulted in a p-value of less than 0.05 with a high determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9971). It indicates that this model gives a significant response and has good accuracy. Furthermore, the error rates between experimental data and the predicted model were less than 5%. The model obtained from optimization is close to the reability runs and could be explained for correlating the yield of garlic oil with parameter conditions using optimization.]]>
<![CDATA[PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN HAND SANITIZER KEPADA MASYARAKAT DI DESA KALIPLOSO KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI ]]>
<![CDATA[Variyana, Yeni]]>;
<![CDATA[Susanti, Yuni]]>;
<![CDATA[Rohmah, Ni'matur]]>;
<![CDATA[Nasution, Muslimin]]>;
<![CDATA[Bayramadhan, Arga]]>
<![CDATA[ SELAPARANG Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Vol 4, No 3 (2021): Agustus ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.31764/jpmb.v4i3.5232
<![CDATA[ABSTRAKCOVID-19 merupakan jenis virus yang dapat menyebar secara masif dan ditetapkan sebagai pandemi global. Adanya pandemi ini telah mengubah tata cara kehidupan manusia di hampir seluruh Negara. Kebiasaan menjaga protokol kesehatan dan menerapkan pola hidup bersih dan sehat perlu dilakukan oleh seluruh kalangan masyarakat. Selanjutnya, salah satu upaya Pemerintah Indonesia dalam memutus rantai COVID-19 dengan vaksinasi, namun hingga saat ini jumlah kasus aktif masih terus bertambah. Hal ini tentunya menjadi tujuan utama dari program ini untuk terus mengedukasi masyarakat dan melakukan sosialisasi akan pentingnya menjaga, perilaku hidup sehat. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Kaliploso kecamatan Cluring Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Adapun kegiatan ini dilakukan beberapa tahap diantaranya tahap persiapan dan pembekalan, dilanjutkan dengan praktik langsung di Balai Desa Kaliploso. Hasil pelaksanaannya adalah masyarakat setempat diberikan edukasi dan dilatih untuk membuat hand sanitizer sesuai dengan formula World Health Organization (WHO). Kegiatan ini merupakan salah satu implementasi upaya pola hidup sehat dan bersih guna mencegah penyebaran COVID-19. Selain itu, kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi keterampilan masyarakat Desa Kaliploso untuk membuat hand sanitizer secara mandiri. Kata kunci: COVID-19; Desa Kaliploso; Banyuwangi; hand sanitizer. ABSTRACTCOVID-19 is a type of virus that can spread through massively and is declared a global pandemic. The existence of this pandemic has changed the way of human life in almost all countries. The habit of maintaining health protocols and implementing a clean and healthy lifestyles need to be carried out by all levels of society. Furthermore, one of the efforts from Indonesian government in breaking the chain of COVID-19 transmission is by vaccination, but until now the number of active cases is increasing. This is certainly the main goal from this program to continue educating the public and socializing the importance of healthy living behavior. This service activity was carried out in Kaliploso Village, Cluring Sub-district, Banyuwangi Regency. This activity was done by several stages including the preparation and debriefing stage, followed by direct practice at the Kaliploso’s Village Hall. The results of implementation are local people that are given of education and trained to make hand sanitizers according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This activity is one of the implementations of a healthy and clean lifestyles to prevent the spread of COVID-19. In addition, this activity is expected to be a skill for the Kaliploso Village community to make hand sanitizers independently. Keywords: COVID-19; Kaliploso Village; Banyuwangi; hand sanitizer.]]>
<![CDATA[SOSIALISASI PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH RUMAH TANGGA SECARA MANDIRI UNTUK EFEKTIFITAS PENGOLAHANNYA ]]>
<![CDATA[Rohmah, Ni'matur]]>;
<![CDATA[Susanti, Yuni]]>;
<![CDATA[Variyana, Yeni]]>;
<![CDATA[Kurniawan, Lukman Haris]]>;
<![CDATA[Nasution, Muslimin]]>;
<![CDATA[Bayramadhan, Arga]]>
<![CDATA[ SELAPARANG Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Vol 4, No 3 (2021): Agustus ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.31764/jpmb.v4i3.5187
<![CDATA[ABSTRAKLimbah bersumber dari berbagai aktivitas manusia diantaranya aktivitas rumah tangga, industri, perdagangan, pertanian, perkantoran, dan sisa pembangunan. Namun aktivitas yang paling banyak menyumbang limbah adalah aktivitas rumah tangga. Pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga di desa masih dilakukan secara tradisional yaitu melalui penimbunan pada lahan kosong. Umumnya masyarakat desa menggunakan cara pembakaran untuk mengatasi penumpukan limbah tersebut. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk menambah pengetahuan dan menumbuhkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk menjaga kelestarian lingkungan melalui pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga secara mandiri. Penyuluhan pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga di desa Kaliploso melibatkan 30 peserta. Penyajian materi diawali dengan memberikan stimulus terkait pengetahuan peserta terhadap limbah rumah tangga dan jenis-jenisnya, kemudian dilanjutkan penyajian materi dengan metode ceramah. Diskusi yang dilakukan setelah penyajian materi diikuti peserta dengan antusias dan menghasilkan ide baru tentang pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga secara mandiri. Hasil kegiatan ini meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat dengan tingkat pemahaman 100% (30 peserta) dan menumbuhkan kesadaran masyarakat yang dibuktikan dengan munculnya ide percontohan pelaksana pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga jenis anorganik sebanyak 43,33% (13 peserta). Kata kunci: pengelolaan; limbah rumah tangga; desa Kaliploso ABSTRACTWaste comes from human activities such as household activities, industries, commerce, agriculture, offices, and residual of construction. But the most contributing waste is household activities. Management of household solid waste in the village is using traditional methods, by piling up on vacant land. The villagers are burning to overcome the pile. This activity aims to increase knowledge and public awareness to protect the environment through household waste management independently. Education of household waste management in Kaliploso village involves 30 participants. Presentation began by providing stimulus related to participants knowledge of definition and types of household waste, then continued with educate about household waste. The discussion was attended by participants enthusiastically and it produced new ideas about self-management of household waste. The results of this activity increase public knowledge with an understanding level of 100% (30 participants) and raise public awareness as evidenced by the emergence of pilot ideas for implementing inorganic types of household waste management as much as 43.33% (13 participants). Keywords: management; household waste, Kaliploso village]]>
<![CDATA[PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN HAND SANITIZER KEPADA MASYARAKAT DI DESA KALIPLOSO KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI ]]>
<![CDATA[Yeni Variyana]]>;
<![CDATA[Yuni Susanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Ni'matur Rohmah]]>;
<![CDATA[Muslimin Nasution]]>;
<![CDATA[Arga Bayramadhan]]>
<![CDATA[ SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Vol 4, No 3 (2021): Agustus ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.31764/jpmb.v4i3.5388
<![CDATA[ABSTRAKCOVID-19 merupakan jenis virus yang dapat menyebar secara masif dan ditetapkan sebagai pandemi global. Adanya pandemi ini telah mengubah tata cara kehidupan manusia di hampir seluruh Negara. Kebiasaan menjaga protokol kesehatan dan menerapkan pola hidup bersih dan sehat perlu dilakukan oleh seluruh kalangan masyarakat. Selanjutnya, salah satu upaya Pemerintah Indonesia dalam memutus rantai COVID-19 dengan vaksinasi, namun hingga saat ini jumlah kasus aktif masih terus bertambah. Hal ini tentunya menjadi tujuan utama dari program ini untuk terus mengedukasi masyarakat dan melakukan sosialisasi akan pentingnya menjaga, perilaku hidup sehat. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Kaliploso kecamatan Cluring Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Adapun kegiatan ini dilakukan beberapa tahap diantaranya tahap persiapan dan pembekalan, dilanjutkan dengan praktik langsung di Balai Desa Kaliploso. Hasil pelaksanaannya adalah masyarakat setempat diberikan edukasi dan dilatih untuk membuat hand sanitizer sesuai dengan formula World Health Organization (WHO). Kegiatan ini merupakan salah satu implementasi upaya pola hidup sehat dan bersih guna mencegah penyebaran COVID-19. Selain itu, kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi keterampilan masyarakat Desa Kaliploso untuk membuat hand sanitizer secara mandiri. Kata kunci: COVID-19; Desa Kaliploso; Banyuwangi; hand sanitizer. ABSTRACTCOVID-19 is a type of virus that can spread through massively and is declared a global pandemic. The existence of this pandemic has changed the way of human life in almost all countries. The habit of maintaining health protocols and implementing a clean and healthy lifestyles need to be carried out by all levels of society. Furthermore, one of the efforts from Indonesian government in breaking the chain of COVID-19 transmission is by vaccination, but until now the number of active cases is increasing. This is certainly the main goal from this program to continue educating the public and socializing the importance of healthy living behavior. This service activity was carried out in Kaliploso Village, Cluring Sub-district, Banyuwangi Regency. This activity was done by several stages including the preparation and debriefing stage, followed by direct practice at the Kaliploso’s Village Hall. The results of implementation are local people that are given of education and trained to make hand sanitizers according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This activity is one of the implementations of a healthy and clean lifestyles to prevent the spread of COVID-19. In addition, this activity is expected to be a skill for the Kaliploso Village community to make hand sanitizers independently. Keywords: COVID-19; Kaliploso Village; Banyuwangi; hand sanitizer.]]>
<![CDATA[Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Parameters from Indigofera Tinctoria L using Response Surface Methodology ]]>
<![CDATA[Achmad Qodim Syafaatullah]]>;
<![CDATA[Variyana, Yeni]]>;
<![CDATA[Ni’matur Rohmah]]>;
<![CDATA[Iid Mufaidah]]>;
<![CDATA[Ayu Qurota A’yun]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Research and Technology Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021): JRT Volume 7 No 2 Des 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[2477 - 6165 ]]>
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<![CDATA[Nowadays, the natural dyes are commonly used in textile industry. One of them is Indigofera tinctoria L leaves extracting natural dyes that produce blue color and have various potential utilization. However, the extraction time required usually takes a long time using conventional extraction. Thus, some researches reported that ultrasound-assisted extraction can accelerate and increase the extraction yield. The mechanism of ultrasonography is able to assist matrix cell rupture through the ultrasound cavitation. The present research aimed to study and to evaluate the Indigofera tinctoria L dye using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Response surface methodology (RSM) in conjunction with box-behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize and to analyze the extraction conditions. The independent factors were ratio feed to solvent (0.02-0.1 g/ml), ultrasound temperature (50-60oC), and extraction time (50-90 minutes). Further, feed to solvent ratio was the most significant factor of extraction process in comparison with temperature and extraction time. The optimum extraction conditions were 58oC, 0.02 g/ml, and 50 minutes. The predicted model obtained was 6.025% which close to the actual data (5.75%). Moreover, the extract dye compounds were analyzed by FTIR test and the result was 64.07% for presence of Indigo dye. Therefore, the natural dyes can be alternative and sustainable dye as environmentally friendly]]>
<![CDATA[SOSIALISASI PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH RUMAH TANGGA SECARA MANDIRI UNTUK EFEKTIFITAS PENGOLAHANNYA ]]>
<![CDATA[Ni’matur Rohmah]]>;
<![CDATA[Yuni Susanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Yeni Variyana]]>;
<![CDATA[Lukman Haris Kurniawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Muslimin Nasution]]>;
<![CDATA[Arga Bayramadhan]]>
<![CDATA[ SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Vol 4, No 3 (2021): Agustus ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.31764/jpmb.v4i3.4844
<![CDATA[ABSTRAKLimbah bersumber dari berbagai aktivitas manusia diantaranya aktivitas rumah tangga, industri, perdagangan, pertanian, perkantoran, dan sisa pembangunan. Namun aktivitas yang paling banyak menyumbang limbah adalah aktivitas rumah tangga. Pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga di desa masih dilakukan secara tradisional yaitu melalui penimbunan pada lahan kosong. Umumnya masyarakat desa menggunakan cara pembakaran untuk mengatasi penumpukan limbah tersebut. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk menambah pengetahuan dan menumbuhkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk menjaga kelestarian lingkungan melalui pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga secara mandiri. Penyuluhan pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga di desa Kaliploso melibatkan 30 peserta. Penyajian materi diawali dengan memberikan stimulus terkait pengetahuan peserta terhadap limbah rumah tangga dan jenis-jenisnya, kemudian dilanjutkan penyajian materi dengan metode ceramah. Diskusi yang dilakukan setelah penyajian materi diikuti peserta dengan antusias dan menghasilkan ide baru tentang pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga secara mandiri. Hasil kegiatan ini meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat dengan tingkat pemahaman 100% (30 peserta) dan menumbuhkan kesadaran masyarakat yang dibuktikan dengan munculnya ide percontohan pelaksana pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga jenis anorganik sebanyak 43,33% (13 peserta). Kata kunci: pengelolaan; limbah rumah tangga; desa Kaliploso ABSTRACTWaste comes from human activities such as household activities, industries, commerce, agriculture, offices, and residual of construction. But the most contributing waste is household activities. Management of household solid waste in the village is using traditional methods, by piling up on vacant land. The villagers are burning to overcome the pile. This activity aims to increase knowledge and public awareness to protect the environment through household waste management independently. Education of household waste management in Kaliploso village involves 30 participants. Presentation began by providing stimulus related to participants knowledge of definition and types of household waste, then continued with educate about household waste. The discussion was attended by participants enthusiastically and it produced new ideas about self-management of household waste. The results of this activity increase public knowledge with an understanding level of 100% (30 participants) and raise public awareness as evidenced by the emergence of pilot ideas for implementing inorganic types of household waste management as much as 43.33% (13 participants). Keywords: management; household waste, Kaliploso village]]>
<![CDATA[Stabilitas Zeolit HY Hidrofobik terhadap Uji Hot Liquid Water (HLW) ]]>
<![CDATA[Yuni Susanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Yeni Variyana]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 10 No. 2 (2021): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara) ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v10i2.6250
<![CDATA[Initially, zeolite catalysts cannot be used for reactions involving hot liquid water, so it is necessary to modify the zeolite to be stable under these conditions. The synthesis of HY and hydrophobic zeolites aimed to determine the stability of zeolite in hot liquid water (HLW). The stability of zeolite in HLW is related to zeolite hydrophobicity. In this study, the main raw materials for the synthesis of HY zeolite were sodium aluminate (NaAlO2) and Ludox HS-40 by calcining the product at 350 oC for 1 hour. Furthermore, increasing the hydrophobicity of HY zeolite was carried out by modifying the external zeolite surface using organosilanes (aminopropyltriethoxysilane). The stability of two zeolites in HLW was set at 200 oC. Zeolite analysis used physical test and Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FTIR) Spectrometer. The results of the zeolite distribution in two phases confirmed that HY zeolite was completely dispersed in the water phase, while the zeolite one was dispersed in the organic phase. Moreover, the IR spectra of HY zeolite showed that the wide peak detection at wave number 720 cm-1 for beginning to disappear. This means that the HLW condition could be damaged to the d6r unit. Another result was shown by hydrophobic zeolite spectra with a stable peak for 72 hours. This indicates that the hydrophobic zeolite has thermal stability in HLW so that it can be used in chemical reaction catalytic applications that use on phase.]]>
<![CDATA[Metal Oxides as Soluble Nano Catalyst on Biodiesel: A Review ]]>
<![CDATA[Setyo Pambudi]]>;
<![CDATA[Agus Triono]]>;
<![CDATA[Mochamad Asrofi]]>;
<![CDATA[Iid Mufaidah]]>;
<![CDATA[Yeni Variyana]]>;
<![CDATA[R. A. Ilyas]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021): Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Green Engineering Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.32530/jaast.v5i2.27
<![CDATA[Nano particles of metal oxide developed as soluble nano additive in liquid fuels to improve fuel quality. One application of nano metal oxide particles is an additive to biodiesel. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that can reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Pure biodiesel has a relatively lower calorific value compared to fossil fuels. Low calorific value results in increased brake specific fuel consumption. Moreover, biodiesel has a higher density and viscosity compared to fossil fuel. The content of carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) in exhaust gases with biodiesel is higher than fossil fuels. Metal oxide nanoparticles are added to biodiesel between 6 to 80 nm with concentrations about 50 to 500 ppm. Addition of metal oxide nanoparticles to biodiesel can improve brake thermal efficiency, reduce brake specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and improve carbon dioxide (CO2) emission due to the catalytic effect of metal oxide nanoparticles. Metal oxide acts as an oxidation catalyst thereby reduce the carbon combustion activation temperature and thus enhances hydrocarbon oxidation, promoting complete combustion. Nanoparticles that are often used in various studies are nickel (II) oxide (NiO), cerium (IV) oxide (CeO2), titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and silicon dioxide (SiO2). This review paper describes the progress and development of nano metal oxide applications as additives for biodiesel, and the discussion in this paper is divided into 3 main topics, including the effects of nanoparticles on the properties of biodiesel, engine performance, and emission characteristics.]]>
