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INTERPRETASI GLOBAL HADIS RUKYAT HILAL Rusmin, Pranoto Hidaya; Rohman, Arief Syaichu; Herdiwijaya, Dhani; Khaerani, Izzah Faizah Siti Rusydati; Pahlevi, Reza; Darmawan, Dadang
Mutawatir : Jurnal Keilmuan Tafsir Hadith Vol. 7 No. 1 (2017): JUNI
Publisher : Program Studi Perbandingan Agama, Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Filsafat, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (619.584 KB) | DOI: 10.15642/mutawatir.2017.7.1.50-75

Abstract

Before Islamic Calendar begins, Muslims were used to wait for the earliest visible crescent (hilâl), which marks the beginning of Ramadan. The determination of the beginning of Ramadan is based on the rukyat al-hilâl hadith. Because the hilâl visibility on the earth surface is not the same, it results the differences on the beginning of Ramadan fasting. In addition, the sighting hilâl method can only determine the next 29 days, it cannot reach for the next month and even for the next year. These are the main reasons for re-interpretation of the rukyat al-hilâl hadith from global perspective. From this study, it is found that the context in the Qur?an, related to the Ramadan fasting, is fasting in one full month, 29 or 30 days, according to the duration of the lunar synodic cycle. However, the condition of the people and the science at that time has not developed yet, which is the cause of calculation (h}isâb) verses in the Qur?an cannot be used. When they have developed, the calculation verses in the Qur?an can be used to determine the number of days in a calendar month. This will produce a global calendar for mankind.
Internet Congestion Control System Rusmin, Pranoto Hidaya; Machbub, Carmadi; Harsoyo, Agung; Hendrawan, Hendrawan
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 12, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Internet Congestion Control System. Internet congestion occurs when resource demands exceeds the network capacity. But, it is not the only reason. Congestion can happen on some users because some others user has higher sending rate. Then some users with lower sending rate will experience congestion. This partial congestion is caused by inexactly feedback. At this moment congestion are solved by the involvement of two controlling mechanisms. These mechanisms are flow/congestion control in the TCP source and Active Queue Management (AQM) in the router. AQM will provide feedback to the source a kind of indication for the occurrence of the congestion in the router, whereas the source will adapt the sending rate appropriate with the feedback. These mechanisms are not enough to solve internet congestion problem completely. Therefore, this paper will explain internet congestion causes, weakness, and congestion control technique that researchers have been developed. To describe congestion system mechanisms and responses, the system will be simulated by Matlab.