Prihadyanti, Dian
Center for Science and Technology Development Studies, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

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R & D dan Inovasi di Perusahaan Sektor Manufaktur Indonesia Prihadyanti, Dian; Laksani, Chichi Shintia
Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi Vol 14, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : SBM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (9756.731 KB) | DOI: 10.12695/jmt.2015.14.2.5

Abstract

Abstrak. Di era globalisasi ini, inovasi telah terbukti menjadi faktor penentu kesuksesan bersaing dan juga pertumbuhan bisnis perusahaan. Salah satu faktor penentu kesuksesan inovasi adalah kegiatan Research & Development (R&D). Namun, hingga saat ini, keberadaan R&D sebagai faktor pendorong terciptanya inovasi seringkali masih diperdebatkan. Dengan melakukan uji statistik terhadap data hasil survey di sektor manufaktur Indonesia, studi ini ingin melihat pengaruh R&D terhadap inovasi di perusahaan sektor manufaktur Indonesia. Hasil studi memperlihatkan bahwa aktivitas R&D memiliki peran penting terhadap inovasi di sektor manufaktur Indonesia. Tingkat pengeluaran R&D juga berpengaruh terhadap keberadaan inovasi. Hasil studi ini sekaligus mendebat teori innovation without R&D, yang menyatakan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara perusahaan yang melakukan R&D dengan perusahaan yang tidak melakukan R&D dalam menghasilkan inovasi. Kata kunci: R&D, inovasi, tingkat inovasi, pengeluaran R&D, perusahaan manufakturAbstract. In this globalized era, innovation has proven to be the key success factor for competition and also company’s business development. One of the factors determining the success of innovation is Research & Development (R&D) activities. However, until now, the existence of R & D as a driving factor for the creation of innovation is still being debated. Using statistical test to the survey data in the Indonesia’s manufacturing sector, this study attempts to observing the effect of R & D for innovation in the Indonesian manufacturing sector. The result of the study shows that R & D activity has an important role to innovation in Indonesia’s manufacturing firms. R & D expenditure level also affects the existence of innovation. Result of this study all at once debate the theory of innovation without R&D which state that there is no significant difference between firms with and without R&D in creating innovation. Keywords: R&D, innovation, level of innovation, R&D expenditure, manufacturing firm
Pembelajaran Teknologi di Perusahaan Manufaktur Berintensitas Teknologi Tinggi dan Menengah-Tinggi Prihadyanti, Dian
Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi Vol 14, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : SBM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1319.911 KB) | DOI: 10.12695/jmt.2015.14.1.1

Abstract

Abstract.Technological learning has an important role in forming technological capability and innovation as a key point of competitiveness in this globalized era. On the one hand, developed countries have engaged themselves in the high-tech industry which can result in high added value. On the other hand, very few of developing countries which are able to develop such kind of industry. In Indonesia, low-tech industry seems to have greater development compared with high-tech or medium-high. One of the possible causes is unoptimum technological learning. Notwithstanding, there are many literature on the condition of technological learning. Nevertheless,the one with more intention in technology intensity is still rarely found. This paper attempts to discuss technological learning model in manufacturing industry by conducting case studies in several companies based on technology intensity classified by Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Based on four case studies, variation of technological learning model based on the involved actors and their domination in technological learning process is analyzed. Technological learning is proven to support innovation creation. Companies in the manufacturing sector with high technology intensity tend to choose in-house technological learning. Meanwhile, companies in medium-high sector tend to choose combination of internal-external technological learning. Strategic role of the technology for firm's core competence, proprietary aspect of technology, resource capacity, and demand characteristics becomes considered factors in making a choice on the type of technological learning.Keywords: technological learning, manufacturing company, technology intensity, technological capability, innovationAbstrak.Pembelajaran teknologi memiliki peran penting terhadap pembentukan kemampuan teknologi serta inovasi yang merupakan penentu daya saing di era global seperti saat ini. Sementara itu, negara maju telah mampu mengembangkan industri dengan intensitas teknologi tinggi yang dapat menghasilkan nilai tambah yang tinggi. Di lain pihak, baru sedikit negara berkembang yang mampu mengembangkan industri tersebut. Di Indonesia sendiri, industri dengan intensitas teknologi rendah terlihat lebih berkembang dibandingkan industri dengan intensitas teknologi tinggi maupun menengah-tinggi. Hal tersebut salah satunya disebabkan oleh kurang optimalnya pembelajaran teknologi. Telah banyak literatur mengenai kondisi pembelajaran teknologi di sektor manufaktur. Namun demikian, literatur yang menekankan pada intensitas teknologi masih jarang ditemukan. Tulisan ini akan membahas mengenai model pembelajaran teknologi pada industri manufaktur dengan melakukan studi kasus pada perusahaan dengan intensitas teknologi tinggi dan menengah-tinggi yang ada di Indonesia. Klasifikasi industri berdasarkan intensitas teknologi didasarkan pada pengklasifikasian Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Dari studi kasus pada empat perusahaan, dilakukan analisis terhadap variasi model pembelajaran teknologi dilihat dari aktor-aktor yang terlibat dan dominasi aktor-aktor tersebut dalam proses pembelajaran teknologi. Dari hasil studi kasus yang dilakukan, terlihat bahwa pembelajaran teknologi dapat mendukung penciptaan inovasi. Perusahaan pada sektor manufaktur dengan intensitas teknologi tinggi cenderung memilih pembelajaran teknologi internal. Sedangkan perusahaan pada sektor dengan intensitas menengah-tinggi lebih memilih pembelajaran teknologi kombinasi internal-eksternal. Peran strategis teknologi terhadap kompetensi inti perusahaan, aspek proprietary dari teknologi,kemampuan sumberdaya, serta karakteristik permintaan terlihat menjadi faktor yang dipertimbangkan oleh perusahaan dalam memilih tipe pembelajaran teknologi.Kata kunci: pembelajaran teknologi, perusahaan manufaktur, intensitas teknologi, kemampuan teknologi, inovasi 
Process and Source of Innovation in SME: Case of Indonesia's Food and Beverage Firms Prihadyanti, Dian
Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi Vol 12, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : SBM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2038.549 KB)

Abstract

In a free trade environment, the requirements to remain competitive become more demanding. The requirements make innovation more necessary to be done, and strongly associated with the ability to take advantage on scientific achievement. Therefore, innovation process conducted becomes an important determinant for its final outcome. Nevertheless, how innovation occurs in SMEs is still rather unknown exactly. This paper attempts to analyze innovation process in SMEs especially in low-technology sectors, particularly in food and beverage sector, in terms of sources of innovation which is related with sources of information and knowledge. This study use case study approach within two food and beverage SMEs. The innovation process is seen through the decision making process approach. This study reveal several important conclusions. In food and beverage sector, it appears that the process of innovation in the SMEs do not only involve the internal but also external parties. The process of innovation was still very simple. Generally, the approach in decision making and understanding of innovation is more static, non-rational, informal and hierarchical. Nevertheless, to complement the result, further studies still need to be conducted to obtain stronger justification of conclusions and policy recommendation.Keywords: innovation process, decision making, source of innovation, food and beverage sector, SME
PENGARUH INTERORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS TERHADAP KAPABILITAS INOVASI: STUDI KASUS PERUSAHAAN KOMPONEN OTOMOTIF DI INDONESIA Prihadyanti, Dian; Laksani, Chichi Shintia
Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi Vol 15, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : SBM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12695/jmt.2016.15.2.4

Abstract

Abstrak. Interorganizational relationship (IOR) yang muncul dari interaksi yang dibentuk oleh perusahaan dapat menjadi strategi bagi perkembangan bisnisnya. Pengelolaan IOR yang tepat dapat memberikan manfaat dalam peningkatan kinerja inovasi perusahaan. Kinerja inovasi yang juga berkaitan dengan innovation outcomes sangat dipengaruhi oleh kapabilitas inovasi perusahaan.  Tulisan ini akan membahas pengaruh IOR terhadap kapabilitas inovasi dilihat dengan menganalisis proses yang terjadi dalam menghasilkan innovation outcomes. Melalui delapan studi kasus di perusahaan komponen otomotif di Indonesia, terlihat bahwa IOR dapat meningkatkan kapabilitas inovasi perusahaan terutama untuk melakukan inovasi teknologi. Inovasi yang dihasilkan dapat dikatakan sebagai open innovation dengan adanya peran pihak eksternal dalam proses inovasi di perusahaan. Dengan IOR, perusahaan dapat memperoleh atau meningkatkan innovation enabler yang dibutuhkan perusahaan untuk menghasilkan innovation outcomes. IOR juga dapat membentuk dan memperkuat fondasi dasar bagi pembentukan perusahaan yang inovatif. Inovasi juga terlihat dapat menjadi media bagi pembentukan social control dalam IOR.Kata kunci: IOR, kinerja inovasi, kapabilitas inovasi, innovation outcomes, innovation enabler, ketergantungan sumber dayaAbstract. Interorganizational relationships (IOR) arising from interaction created by a firm can become a strategy for business development. Proper IOR management can provide benefits in improving firmâ??s innovation performance. Innovation performance which is also associated with innovation outcomes is strongly influenced by firmâ??s innovation capabilities. This paper discusses the influence of IOR towards innovation capabilities which is seen by analyzing the processes that occur in generating innovation outcomes. Through eight case studies in automotive components firms in Indonesia, it appears that the IOR can enhance company's innovation capabilities, especially for conducting technological innovation. The resulting innovations may be regarded as open innovation with the role of external parties in the process of innovation in the company. By IOR, a company may acquire or increase innovation enablers required to generate innovation outcomes. IOR can also shape and strengthen the basic foundation to build an innovative company. It is also found that innovation may become a media to form social control in IOR. Keywords: IOR, innovation performance, innovation capability, innovation outcomes, innovation enabler, resource-dependance