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The effectiveness of kaffir lime leaf essential oil as a fumigant for Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Alif Khalifah; Idham Sakti Harahap; Dadang Dadang
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 27, No 2 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v27n2.2021.51-57

Pests are often a problem with stored post-harvest products. One of the pests that often attack post-harvest products in storage is Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). The most common warehouse pest control effort is fumigation. Unwise and inappropriate application of fumigants can cause various negative impacts, such as pest resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative control strategies that are more environmentally friendly through essential oils. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) essential oil as a botanical fumigant against T. castaneum that held at SEAMEO Biotrop Bogor. Kaffir lime leaf essential oil (KLLEO) is obtained by distillation. Tests in this study include the toxicity test of essential oils and essential oil fractions, resistance tests, and test the effect of essential oils on larval development. KLLEO n-hexane fraction caused high mortality of T. castaneum imago after 72 hours of fumigation. The LD95 KLLEO value in imago was 1.14 ml / l of air. MADJP also had high repellency activity against imago. The lowest dose of 0.03 ml/l air and the highest dose of 1.14 ml/l air showed a degree of 95.5 and 100% reliability, respectively, 6 hours after treatment. Chemical composition analysis using GCMS showed that citronella was the most dominant compound at 79.05%.Keywords: Citrus hystrix, fumigation, post-harvest pests AbstrakKEEFEKTIFAN MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN JERUK PURUT SEBAGAI FUMIGAN Tribolium castaneum (HERBST)Serangga hama seringkali menjadi masalah pada produk pascapanen yang disimpan. Salah satu hama yang sering menyerang produk pascapanen di gudang penyimpanan adalah Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Upaya pengendalian hama gudang yang paling umum dilakukan adalah dengan fumigasi. Aplikasi fumigan yang tidak bijaksana dan tidak tepat dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif, seperti terjadinya resistensi hama. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikembangkan strategi pengendalian alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan melalui penggunaan minyak atsiri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keefektifan minyak atsiri daun jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix) sebagai fumigan nabati terhadap T. castaneum yang dilaksanakan di SEAMEO Biotrop Bogor. Minyak atsiri daun jeruk purut (MADJP) diperoleh melalui distilasi. Pengujian dalam penelitian ini meliputi uji toksisitas minyak atsiri dan fraksi minyak atsiri, uji repelensi, dan uji pengaruh minyak atsiri terhadap perkembangan larva. Fraksi n-heksana MADJP menyebabkan kematian yang tinggi pada imago T. castaneum setelah 72 jam fumigasi. Nilai LD95 MADJP pada imago sebesar 1,14 ml/l udara. MADJP juga memiliki aktivitas repelensi yang tinggi terhadap imago. Dosis terendah 0,03 ml/l udara dan dosis tertinggi 1,14 ml/l udara menunjukkan derajat keandalan berturut-turut 95,5 dan 100% pada 6 jam setelah perlakuan. Analisis komposisi kimia menggunakan GCMS menunjukkan bahwa sitronela merupakan senyawa yang paling dominan sebesar 79,05%.Kata kunci : Citrus hystrix, fumigasi, hama pasca panen, sitronela

KOMPATIBILITAS EKSTRAK Piper retrofractrum Vahl. DAN Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. UNTUK PENGENDALIAN Helopeltis antonii Sign. NFN Rohimatun; NFN Dadang; I Wayan Winasa; Sri Yuliani
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 31, No 2 (2020): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v31n2.2020.107-122

Plant extracts as a botanical insecticide can be used in either single or mixture forms. Mixed extracts have advantages: reducing dependence on one plant species, being the synergistic effect which can increase the effectiveness of formulas, and reducing the possibility of resistance emergence. This study aimed to obtain compatible and synergistic comparisons of P. retrofractum with C. xanthorrhiza extracts that effectively control the third instar nymph of Helopeltis antonii. The comparison of P. retrofractum and C. xanthorrhiza extracts were 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 (w/w). The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design using the contact method. The LC50, LC90, and LC95 values were calculated using the PoloPlus Ver 1.0 Program. The mixture interaction was determined from the Combination Index value. The results showed that P. retrofractum extract was compatible and synergistic with C. xanthorrhiza extract at a ratio of 2:1 (w/w). These were the best combination shown by the lowest LC50, LC90, and LC95 values and showed consistently strong synergistic properties compared to other concentrations. The components of P. retrofractum may be responsible for the insecticidal properties are piperine; piperanine; piperidine; 3,4-Pyridinedimethanol,6-methyl; Piperidine,1-[5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl]-,(Z,Z)-; and (2E,4E,12E)-1-(Piperidine-1-yl)octadeca-2,4,12—trien-1-one. The insecticidal activity of C. xanthorrhiza may associated with its content of xanthorrhizol, Ar-curcumene, β-curcumene, curzerene, germacrone, 7-zingiberene, caryophyllene, and β-bisabolol. A combination of these two plant extracts has the potential to be further developed as a botanical insecticide to control H. antonii.

Fumigant and Repellent Effects of Essential Oil Fractions of Mentha piperita against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Sunaryo Syam; Idham Sakti Harahap; NFN Dadang
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 28, No 2 (2017): BULETIN PENELITIAN TANAMAN REMPAH DAN OBAT
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v28n2.2017.181-190

Tribolium castaneum is one of the important stored-product pests in tropical countries. Fumigation with phosphine is the most commonly method to control T. castaneum. However, long-term application of phosphine will cause resistance. The aims of this research were to study the effects of fumigant and repellent of peppermint oil Mentha piperita fraction against T. castaneum, and to identify the compounds contained in the active fraction. This research was conducted in Entomology Laboratory Seameo Biotrop and Forensic Laboratory of Indonesian Police Headquarters Jakarta, from January to October 2016. Peppermint oil was extracted by distillation from the leaves of M. piperita. Peppermint oil was fractionated by counter-current distribution method using three solvents: n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Then, the three fractions were tested as fumigant and repellent against T. castaneum. The active fraction of essential oils were identified by GC-MS. The n-hexane fraction of peppermint (HFP) was the active fraction caused mortality on larvae and adults of T. castaneum at 72 hours after fumigation. The LC95 values for the adults and larvae was 1.9 % and 9.43 % , respectively. Sublethal concentration of HFP showed inhibitory activity on larvae development. Percentage of pupae transformed from treated larvae was 48.67-74.91 % and percentage of adults emerged was 9.12-16.59 %. The repellent activity of HFP on adults of T. castaneum was 86.7 % at 72 hours after treatment. The dominant compounds of HFP was β-pinene, limonene, isopulegol, menthone, isomenthon, menthol, pulegone, and trans-carane. The HFP or its compounds was potential to be develoved as botanical insecticides.

Aktivitas Insektisida Ekstrak Kulit Batang Empat Famili Tumbuhan terhadap Ulat Krop Kubis Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) Edy Syahputra; Djoko Prijono; Dadang Dadang; Syafrida Manuwoto; Latifah K Darusman
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 10, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.12208

The objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of bark extracts of 35 plant species belonging to four families (Clusiaceae, Lecythidaceae Meliaceae, and Sapindaceae) against the cabbage head caterpillar Crocidolomia pavonana. Extraction of the test plant materials were performed with maceration method using ethanol and methanol continued by counter-current distribution separation in ethylacetate and water. Bark extract preparation of each plant species was tested against C. pavonana larvae by leaf-feeding method at concentration of 0.25% and 0.5%. Second-instar C. pavonana larvae were fed extract-treated broccoli leaves for 48 hours, then were presented with untreated leaves until the surviving larvae reached the fourth-instar larvae. The number of dead larvae was recorded. The phytochemical test of bark extract of Calophyllum soulattri was done by qualitative method. The results showed that the bark extracts of C. soulattri (Clusiaceae), Barringtonia sarcostachys (Lecythidaceae), and Aglaia tomentosa (Meliaceae) exhibited good insecticidal activity. Methanol extract of C. soulattri barks possessed strong insecticidal activity against C. pavonana larvae with LC95 of 0.21%. This extract showed positive response in alkaloid and triterpenoid qualitative tests. Further studies are needed to identify insecticidal compounds in those active extracts.

KOMPATIBILITAS EKSTRAK Piper retrofractrum Vahl. DAN Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. UNTUK PENGENDALIAN Helopeltis antonii Sign. NFN Rohimatun; NFN Dadang; I Wayan Winasa; Sri Yuliani
Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Vol 31, No 2 (2020): Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bullittro.v31n2.2020.107-122

Plant extracts as a botanical insecticide can be used in either single or mixture forms. Mixed extracts have advantages: reducing dependence on one plant species, being the synergistic effect which can increase the effectiveness of formulas, and reducing the possibility of resistance emergence. This study aimed to obtain compatible and synergistic comparisons of P. retrofractum with C. xanthorrhiza extracts that effectively control the third instar nymph of Helopeltis antonii. The comparison of P. retrofractum and C. xanthorrhiza extracts were 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 (w/w). The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design using the contact method. The LC50, LC90, and LC95 values were calculated using the PoloPlus Ver 1.0 Program. The mixture interaction was determined from the Combination Index value. The results showed that P. retrofractum extract was compatible and synergistic with C. xanthorrhiza extract at a ratio of 2:1 (w/w). These were the best combination shown by the lowest LC50, LC90, and LC95 values and showed consistently strong synergistic properties compared to other concentrations. The components of P. retrofractum may be responsible for the insecticidal properties are piperine; piperanine; piperidine; 3,4-Pyridinedimethanol,6-methyl; Piperidine,1-[5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl]-,(Z,Z)-; and (2E,4E,12E)-1-(Piperidine-1-yl)octadeca-2,4,12—trien-1-one. The insecticidal activity of C. xanthorrhiza may associated with its content of xanthorrhizol, Ar-curcumene, β-curcumene, curzerene, germacrone, 7-zingiberene, caryophyllene, and β-bisabolol. A combination of these two plant extracts has the potential to be further developed as a botanical insecticide to control H. antonii.

Potensi Insektisida Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) terhadap Hama Kubis Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Eka Chandra Lina; Arneti Aarneti; Djoko Prijono; Dadang Dadang
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 6 No 1 (2009): April
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

The research was conducted at Laboratory of Insect Physiology and Toxicology of Plant Protection Department of Bogor Agricultural University from May to July 2008. Leaves, twigs, barks, and roots of Eurycoma longifolia (Pasak bumi) were extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvens. The extraction was used single method and level method. Insecticidal activity of each extract has been examined in laboratory to major cabbage pests Crocidolomia pavonana using leaf residual method. Methanol root extract from single method and level method caused 100 and 75.5% mortality of insect test respectively. Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of leaves, twigs, and barks have low insecticidal activity. The antifeedant effect worked at insect test and varied depends on concentration level. Antifeedant effect also contributed to mortality of larvae along with toxicity of each extract.

Keefektifan ekstrak Piper retrofractum Vahl., Anonna squamosa L. dan Tephrosia vogelii Hook. serta campurannya terhadap imago kutu putih pepaya Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Trijanti A. Widinni Asnan; Dewi Sartiami; Ruly Anwar; Dadang Dadang
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2015): Juli
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is one of the papaya insect pests that causes high economic loss. The major constraint in controling this pest with insecticides is the existence of wax layer covering the insect body.The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of Piper retrofractum (Pr), Anonna squamosa (As), and Tephrosia vogelii (Tv) extracts as well as their mixtures to control P. marginatus imago in the laboratory. Pr, As, and Tv extracts were tested separately and in extract mixtures against female P. marginatus by direct spray on the insect. Each treatment was observed at 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment (HAT). Our result showed that at the LC95 – 72 HAT, Tv and As extracts were about three times more effective to P. marginatus than Pr extract. The effective concentration that causing around 95% mortality of P. marginatus are 1.250% (Tv), 1.482% (Pr), dan 0.469% (As). Extracts mixtures of Tv + As (2:1, w/w) and As + Ps (2 : 1, w/w) were about 1.67 times more effective than Tv + Pr (2:1, w/w) extracts mixtures. Based on combination index at 72 HST, extract mixtures of Tv + As and Tv + Pr had low sinergistic joint action, meanwhile As + Pr extract mixture had additive joint action. In addition, all the extracts treatments disturbed the formation of the wax coverings the eggs (egg sacs). Pr, As, and Tv extracts as well as their mixtures at certain extract comparison have the alternate potential to control the mealybug P. marginatus.

Gangguan fisiologi dan biokimia Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) akibat perlakuan ekstrak campuran Tephrosia vogelli dan Piper aduncum Eka Chandra Lina; Dadang Dadang; Syafrida Manuwoto; Gustini Syahbirin
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2015): Juli
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Plant extracts have been known to cause physiological and biochemical interferences against insect, such as feeding inhibitor, food assimilation, and changes on activity of cytochrome b5 and cytochrome P450. This study was carried out to examine the effect of the extracts mixture of Tephrosia vogeliiand : Piper aduncum (1 : 5) on the physiology of Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) as well as extract of P. aduncum on biochemical of C. pavonana. The study showed that larvae of C. pavonana was experiencing a feeding inhibition until 94.82% after treated with extracts mixture on concentration 0.06% or equivalent to LC95. However, larvae treated with extracts mixture on LC25 and LC50 only experienced a relative growth disorders as a result of intrinsic toxicity of extracts mixture which enters into the body of insects. Insect adaptation to toxic plant compounds indicated by an increase in the digestibility of larvae approximately 11.11%. Furthermore, detoxification mechanism by larvae against active compounds of P. aduncum occured and shown by an increase of oxidative enzyme activity of cytochrome b5 and cytochrome P450, in in vivo and in vitro compared to control. This study provides an information about mode of action of extracts mixture of T. vogelii and P. aduncum (1 : 5) on larvae of C. pavonana and detoxification mechanism by larvae due to extract of P. aduncum

Status resistensi terhadap fosfin pada Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) dari gudang penyimpanan biji kakao di Makassar Sulawesi Selatan Sri Widayanti; Dadang Dadang; Idham Sakti Harahap
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 14 No 1 (2017): Maret
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Control of postharvest pest on cocoa beans during storage is generally conducted by fumigation with phosphine. Long-term exposure to phosphine and improper fumigation practices could stimulate the development of resistant strains against phosphine. The aims of this research were to know the resistance status of red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) against phosphine from cocoa bean storages in Makassar, South Sulawesi and to conduct the field efficacy test of phosphine against insects resistant strain to confirm their resistance status. The study was conducted by collecting T. castaneum from five different cocoa beans storages in Makassar. Resistance status was tested in the laboratory using the standard method recommended by FAO and by conducting field efficacy test on adult strains resistant to phosphine. The results showed the presence of insect resistance to phosphine. Adult, pupae, and larvae of T. castaneum were found to be resistant to phosphine with the resistance factors of 1.15–8.08, 1.58–13.63, 1.53–3.25, respectively. The results of field efficacy tests showed that dosage 2 tablets/m3 was effective in controlling resistant strain of adult, pupae, and larvae of T. castaneum.

Keefektifan fosfin formulasi cair terhadap Aphis gossypii Glover dan Macrosiphoniella sanborni Gillette (Hemiptera: Aphididae) pada bunga potong krisan Nur Rachman; Dadang Dadang; R. Yayi Munara Kusumah
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 12 No 3 (2015): November
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Cut flower of chrysanthemum has high aesthetic and economic values. Export volume of chrysanthemums from Indonesia are lower than other countries, due to the impact of insect pest. Insect pests, Aphis gossypii Glover and Macrosiphoniella sanborni Gillette are currently associated with cut flowers especially chrysanthemum. One control measures usually taken in quarantine is fumigation. Alternative fumigant, liquified phosphine formulations may potentially be applied for quarantine treatment. The objectives of this study were to determine the concentration and exposure time of liquified phosphine against these species and to evaluate the effect of fumigant on the physical quality of cut flowers. The experiment was conducted in four steps: (1) identification and mass rearing of A. gossypii and M. sanborni; (2) preliminary tests on adult and third instar nymphs; (3) determination of liquified phosphine with various concentration and exposure time against adult and third instar nymphs of A. gosspypii and M. sanborni and; (4) validation test of effective concentration of fumigant and exposure time and the effect on quality of cut flowers. The results of study showed concentration of fumigant causing 100% mortality A. gossypii and M. sanborni ere 500 ppm and 700 ppm, respectively with exposure time 12 hours. Concentrations of 700 ppm and exposure time up to 18 hours did not cause negative impact to the quality of chrysanthemum cut flowers.

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