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Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) pada Kerang di Kawasan Perairan Serangan Bali Gede Surya Indrawan; I Wayan Arthana; Deny Suhernawan Yusup
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol 5 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Prodi Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2018.v05.i02.p02

Abstract

Kerang merupakan salah satu sumberdaya laut di Pulau Serangan yang telah lama dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai sumber bahan pangan bergizi dan bernilai ekonomis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan logam berat timbal (Pb) pada kerang yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat di kawasan perairan Serangan. Sampel kerang diperoleh dari hasil tangkapan masyarakat di tiga lokasi dan tempat pengumpul kerang. Metode yang digunakan adalah preparasi pengabuan basah dan dianalisis dengan alat ICPE (Inductedvely coupled plasma emission). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan logam berat timbal (Pb) pada kerang bernilai ekonomi (Marcia opima, Marcia hiantina, Perna sp.) yang ditangkap oleh nelayan melebihi ambang batas BPOM (2,093 - 2,571 mg/kg). Namun proses pendedahan dengan perendaman 24 jam menurunkan kandungan timbal (Pb) di bawah ambang batas (0,387 - 0,971 mg/kg).
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS EPIFAUNA DI AREAL PASCA BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT PERAIRAN KUTUH KECAMATAN KUTA SELATAN KABUPATEN BADUNG BALI Ida Bagus Lampita Prabawa; I Wayan Arthana; Endang Wulandari Suryaningtyas
Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences Vol 4 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Prodi Magister Ilmu Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/metamorfosa.2017.v04.i02.p06

Abstract

Kawasan budidaya rumput laut merupakan salah satu habitat organisme laut seperti epifauna karena dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai tempat mencari makan, berlindung, dan reproduksi. Pada awal tahun 2015 budidaya rumput laut Perairan Kutuh tidak beroperasi karena terserang virus dan termakan ikan, namun tali ris dan patok tali ditinggalkan begitu saja sehingga ditumbuhi oleh makroalga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui struktur komunitas epifauna yang terdapat di areal pasca budidaya rumput laut di Perairan Kutuh Kecamatan Kuta Selatan Kabupaten Badung Bali melalui kelimpahan epifauna, indeks dominasi, indeks keanekaragaman dan indeks keseragamaN Pengambilan dan pengamatan data di bagi menjadi 2 bagian yaitu pengamatan epifauna dan pengukuran parameter kualitas perairan, secara insitu pada lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas perairan normal dan mendukung kehidupan epifauna dengan kisaran pH 8,06-8,31, salinitas 31,67 - 32,33 ppt, suhu 29,83 oC, dan kecepatan arus berkisar 0,0 - 0,11 m/s2. Hanya nilai DO yang masuk dalam kategori rendah untuk mendukung kehidupan epifauna. Kisaran nilai DO hasil pengamatan berkisar antara 4,2-4,8 mg/L. Epifauna yang didapatkan sebanyak 31 spesies dari 6 kelas yang berbeda yaitu Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Asteroidea, Echinoidea, Stelleroidea dan Ophiuroidea. Kelimpahan tertinggi pada lokasi penelitian yaitu spesies Ophiomastix janualis sebesar 6,76 individu/m2. Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) menunjukkan nilai sebesar 1,9375, Indeks dominansi (C) sebesar 0.3509, dan nilai Indeks keseragaman (E) sebesar 0.5642.
Kerapatan dan Persebaran Tumbuhan Air di Danau Buyan Kabupaten Buleleng, Provinsi Bali I Gusti Made Sudipta; I Wayan Arthana; Endang Wulandari Suryaningtyas
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 6 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/jmas.2020.v06.i01.p09

Abstract

The Bali province has four lakes, one of them is Buyan lake. One of communities that has important roles in lake waters ecosystem as an primary production is a community of aquatic plants. The existence of aquatic plants as weed will suffer losses more than the beneficial. So that research on density and distribution of aquatic plants in Buyan lake is very important to do. The research aims to find out the density, distribution, domination, percent of closure and other types of aquatic plants in Buyan lake. This research was conducted for 1 month during the month of March until April 2017. The value of the density of the population (KP) aquatic plants has ranged from 2-357 individuals/m2. The value of the frequency of attendance (FK) aquatic plants ranging between 0,1-1. Morisita Index (Id) has ranged from 4,9-1,39 which shows a pattern of clumped. The value of Dominance (D) aquatic plants has ranged between 0,0001-0,9823 that showed with its low variation and high abundance. The value of aquantic plant cover has percent range from 1-72% that showed of the vegetation very rare, rare and dense. The aquatic plants found during research had 4 types of living that were type of free float (Free Floating) Salvinia molesta, Eichhornia crassipes (Submerged) Myriophyllum aquaticum, (Floating) Alternanthera philoxeroides, sticking (Emergent) Schoenoplectus paludicola, Phragmites australis, Typha capensis.
Variasi Morfologi dan Kelimpahan Kepiting Uca spp. di Kawasan Mangrove, Tuban-Bali Yuli Krisnawati; I Wayan Arthana; Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 4 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (586.221 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/jmas.2018.v4.i02.236-243

Abstract

Fiddler crabs (Uca spp.) are one of the mangrove fauna that has an important role of food chain within the scope of mangrove, which is as a deposit eater. The mangrove area in Kampoeng Kepiting has been damaged due to reclamation for Bali Mandara toll road construction, which can interfere the survival/existence of Fiddler crabs. Therefore, it is necessary to do a research concerning the abundance of Fiddler Crabs in Kampoeng Kepiting mangrove area. The aim of this study is to determine the type and abundance of Fiddler crabs and to discover the coherency among Fiddler Crabs abundance in the manner of c-organic matter content in Kampoeng Kepiting area. Fiddler crabs samples were carried out using 1×1 meter quadrant transect by digging as deep as 30 cm. The abundance of Fiddler crabs was analyzed under the Krebs equation. The results from this study indicate Fiddler crabs were found in Kampoeng Kepiting area ,i.e. Uca demani, Uca coarctata, Uca dussumieri, Uca bellator, Uca lactea perplexa, Uca tetragonon, Uca chlorophthalmus crassipes, Uca lactea annulipes, Uca triangularis, and Uca vocans. The highest Fiddler crabs abundance were found at station 4 which is 72±4,2 ind/m2, whilst the abundance of Fiddler crabs (Uca spp.) at station 5 is (33±1,2 ind/m2). The c-organic matter content has a strong relationship with the abundance of Fiddler crabs in Kampoeng Kepiting mangrove area (r = 0,91). This study shows that mangrove conditions in Kampoeng Kepiting are still able to support Fiddler Crabs (Uca spp.) existence.
Pengaruh Nitrat (NO3) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Alami Eceng Gondok (Eichornia crassipes Solms.) Berdasarkan Biomassa Basah Di Danau Batur, Kintamani, Bali Lisa Rosalia Prayuda; I Wayan Arthana; Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 3 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (898.083 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/jmas.2017.v3.i02.215-222

Abstract

Batur Lake is one of the natural lakes in the province of Bali where the activity of fishing, agriculture, tourism and housing available. This study aims to determine the effect of nitrate relation to the natural growth of the water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes). Increased water hyacinth biomass in Songan station is the highest among the three other stations (Batur, Buahan, and Trunyan). At the end of the study (day 42 ), water hyacinth biomass of Songan station increased by 338.2 % from the initial weight, while at another station the increase weight ranges from 75 % -158 %. The highest daily growth rate in Trunyan station 3.68% / day, and the lowest in station Buahan which only reached 0.88% / day. At the Songan station where are many floating net which contribute to increase nitrate. There is a tendency of growth of water hyacinth faster at higher nitrate conditions. Nitrate conditions ranged from 0,35 to 0,62 m /l which shows that the waters of Batur Lake classified into waters that have a high fertility rate (eutrophic).
Analisis Kualitas Perairan Pada Wilayah Perairan Pulau Serangan Bagian Utara Berdasarkan Baku Mutu Air Laut Ni Luh Gede Rai Ayu Saraswati; I Wayan Arthana; I Gede Hendrawan
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 3 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (970.224 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/jmas.2017.v3.i02.163-170

Abstract

Water quality monitoring is one of important activity, especially in coastal water, which susceptive with pollution. Water area of Serangan Island is a tidal flat area, influenced by fresh water and sea water inputs. The existence activities, such as cage aquaculture and tourism, and input from river, are threatened to decrease the water quality in north of Serangan water. This research was conducted to the condition of water quality based on water quality standard for aquatic organisms and its spatial distribution. The parameters measured were temperature, salinity, pH, DO, turbidity, and BOD5, in 8 sample points. Some parameters measured directly on water surface (temperature, salinity, pH and DO) and the others were analyzed in laboratory (turbidity, and BOD5). BOD5 was analyzed by standard method of Delzer & McKenzie. Based on research, the result of temperature values ranged from 28,9°C-30,5°C; salinity 29,6 ppt-32,7 ppt; pH 7,7-7,9; DO 3 mg/L-4,4 mg/L; turbidity 1,9 ntu-7,6 ntu; and BOD5 2,8 mg/L-5,4 mg/L. The water quality in Serangan had a different spatial distribution in each parameters. Overall, based on research result, the water quality condition in the body water of Serangan island was good and suitable to support aquatic organisms living.
Analisis Perubahan Luasan dan Kerapatan Tajuk Mangrove di Kecamatan Borong Kabupaten Manggarai Timur Mu'tasim Billah; I Wayan Arthana; I Wayan Restu; Abd. Rahman As-syakur
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 6 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/jmas.2020.v06.i01.p06

Abstract

The ecosystem of mangrove is one of unique and distinctive forms of forest ecosystem, has high economic and ecological value, but has highly vulnerable to damage if it’s unwise in management. The information about area of mangrove forest in East Manggarai District was too limited. Therefore it needs an analysis of area and density changes of mangrove headings in East Manggarai District. The objective of this research is analyzing area and density changes of mangrove headings in Borong Subdistrict of East Manggarai District. The techniques of this research past supervised classification, NDVI analysis and field observation. The data analysis are correlation and accuracy test. Based on the image analysis, the ecosystem area of mangrove in Borong Subdistrict of East Manggarai District from 2007 till 2017 decreased by 20,61 hectares from 90.99 to 70.38 hectares. Declining also occurred in density of mangrove headings level, where density level was reduces to medium or rare. Result of the accuracy test obtained overall accuracy value was 82%. The density of mangrove headings on rarely classification has NDVI value of less than 0.3272, the medium has 0.3272 to 0.413 and the dense has more than 0.413. Based on the correlation analysis the value of density and NDVI form a linear regression model y = 233.2x – 26.304, with a very strong correlation (r) is 0.93. The decreasing area and density of mangrove caused by human activity that are harmful the existence of mangrove forest.
Pola dan Parameter Pertumbuhan Ikan Tangkapan Dominan (Oreochromis niloticus, Osteochilus sp. dan Xiphophorus helleri) di Danau Buyan Bali I Made Suma Krisna Sravishta; I Wayan Arthana; Made Ayu Pratiwi
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 4 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (794.289 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/jmas.2018.v4.i02.204-212

Abstract

Bali Province has four lakes one of them is Buyan Lake. The benefits of Buyan Lake are as a reserve of water used to flow agriculture, settlements and for tourism attraction. In addition there is also the potential of Buyan Lake natural resources of fish is quite abundant. But there are threats arising from the utilization in Buyan Lake so it is feared to disrupt the growth of fish. Therefore it is necessary to do research concern with growth pattern and parameter of dominant catch fish in Buyan Lake. The aimed of this research was to determined the composition of fish catches, estimate the frequency distribution of fish catches and estimate growth patterns and growth parameters of dominant catch fish in Buyan Lake. This research was conducted from February to March 2017. There were nine species captured during observation such as Oreochromis niloticus, Osteochilus sp., Xiphophorus helleri, Rasbora lateristriata, Cyprinus carpio L, Amatitlania nigrofasciata, Puntius sp., Clarias gariepinus and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The growth pattern of Oreochromis niloticus, Osteochilus sp. and Xiphophorus helleri in Lake Buyan have the same growth pattern that were allometric negative (b <3). Oreochromis niloticus growth parameter obtained L? of 255.1926 mm, K value of 0.2833, t0 value of -0.3260, Osteochilus sp. growth parameter obtained L? value of 251.3837 mm, K value of 0.5261 t0 value of -0.1697, Xiphophorus helleri growth parameter obtained L? value of 82.5826 mm, K value of 0.2379, t0 value of -0.5338. Osteochilus sp. had the highest growth coefficient of 0.5261.
Keanekaragaman dan Kerapatan Rumput Laut Alami Perairan Pulau Serangan Denpasar Bali Ni Desak Putu Dita Herlinawati; I Wayan Arthana; Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 4 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (648.445 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/jmas.2018.v4.i01.22-30

Abstract

Serangan Island was a costal area located in the Serangan village, South Denpasar district, near with Sanur and Nusa Dua tourism area. Serangan beach has a biodiversity such as natural macroalgae. This study was conducted in January 2017 at the seaweed cultivation area with the aims of research were to know the variety and density of macroalgae. The method used was a 1x1 m quadrat transect. Sampling was carried out during low tide. Macroalgae found in the area, consist of 12 species namely Ulva lactuca, Chaetomorpha linum. Chaetomorpha aera, Padina australis, Sargassum fluitans, Turbinaria ornate, Gelidium sp., Hypnea cornuta, Hypnea spicifera, Gracilaria salicornia, Acanthophora spicifera, Halimeda opuntia. Those species were belonging to 3 divisi namely Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta. The highest density of macroalgae was Padina australis while the lowest density was Chaetomorpha linum. Type of dominated macroalgae was from a group of Phaeophyta (brown algae) with highest dominance from the species of Padina australis. Water quality namely acidity (pH) was in the range of 7.54 to 7.75, salinity of 31.33-32.00 ppt, the water temperature was 26.50-27.30? C, which all was categorized as the optimal parameters for the growth of macroalgae. Assosiation of biota found were 9 species namely fish of larva, Cypraea lynx (Molusca), Emerita sp., Halodule sp., Synapta maculate, Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea serrulata, Hermit crab, Ophiuroidea sp. The conditions coastal waters substrate was varied from white sand stone type to stony type by coral pieces.
Bioassessment dan Kualitas Air Daerah Aliran Sungai Legundi Probolinggo Jawa Timur Meta Apriliawati Sandi; I Wayan Arthana; Alfi Hermawati Waskita Sari
Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences Vol 3 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (830.204 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/jmas.2017.v3.i02.233-241

Abstract

Legundi River is one of the six rivers in Probolinggo. Water is used for local community irrigation system of the rice fields. Makrozoobenthos was affected by the physical and chemical factors of the water condition. In order to determine the health of water in the river, it was applied water biological condition assessment technique by using biological parameter (bioassessment). This research used bioassessment with biotilik approach (invertebrate indicator of water quality) and Family Biotic Index (FBI). This research aimed to to find out the composition of biotilik, the water quality based on the physical and chemical factors, and the water status through biotilik indicator in Legundi River. This research was done in Legundi River on January until Pebruary 2017. The method which was used in this research was the direct observation by using purposive sampling to determine the location of the sampling. The result showed that the dominant biotilik composition was Hydropsychidae* (602), Thiaridae (258), and Parathelpusidae (209). The characteristics of the water from the upstream to downstream was as follows, temperature: 26,37 – 27,37 ?C, pH: 6,49 – 7,94, DO: 6,95 – 8,86 mg/l, turbidity: 1,16 – 3,58 NTU, BOD: 6,74 – 9,1 mg/l, and COD: 8,823 – 9,459 mg/l. The analysis of the biotilik index showed that the water was slightly clean with moderate pollution; and the analysis by using the Family Biotic Index showed that the water was not polluted.
Co-Authors A.A. Gede Cahya Pratama Abd. Rahman As-syakur Agus Wija Atmaja Aida Sartimbul Alfi Hermawati Waskita Sari Alya Namira Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi Dewi apri i supi'i Arief Reza Fahlevi Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi Bejo Slamet Beny Mustofa Bram Setyadji Bunga Divia Arimbi Cakranegara, Pandu Adi Candra Saputra CoK.I.M. HANDAYANI Daniel Nemba Dambe Daniel Tri Lakona Sinamo Debi Bunga Novitasari Deny Suhermawan Yusup Deptson Baringin Silaen Desak Putu Risky Vidika Apriyanthi Dewa Ayu Angga Pebriani Dewa Gde Tri Bodhi Saputra Dwi Suprapti Elok Faiqoh Endang Rustiasih Endang Wulandari Suryaningtyas Fanlia Prima Jaya Fikri Huda Falah Fina Wahyuningsih GALIH INDRAWATI Gde Raka Angga Kartika Gede Dwi Sukmawantara Gede Pasek Sutedja Gede Surya Indrawan Gemaya Wangsa Gultom, Henry Casandra Gunawan Tarigan Gusti Ayu Manik Pradnyani Habibatus Sholihah Hanifa Miranda I.H. Putri Heidi Siddiqa Heri Prabowo Herlisa Setiarini Hikmah Nurazizah Husnayati Hartini I Dewa Gede Warmadewa I Dewa Nym. Nurweda P., I Gede Agus Isha Purusa I Gede Hendrawan I Gede Surya Risuana I Gede Wahyu Surya Wirawan I Gusti Agung Bagus Arya Pradnya Pratama I Gusti Agung Dwikhy Oka Taradhipa I Gusti Ayu Diah Hendiari I Gusti Ayu Novie Sidaningrat I Gusti Bagus Suputra I Gusti Made Sudipta I Kadek Tobing Ascahya I Ketut Kasta Arya Wijaya I Ketut Swardika I Komang Dianto I Made Adi Karsa I MADE ADI PRANATHA I Made Minggu Widyantara I MADE SUDARMA I Made Suma Krisna Sravishta I Made Suwitra I Made Suwitra, I Made I Nyoman Gede Sugiartha I NYOMAN MERIT I Nyoman Sudipa I Nyoman Sumardika I Nyoman Sutama I Nyoman Sutama I Nyoman Yoga Parawangsa I Putu Eka Mahendra I Putu Yoga Pramana Putra I W BUDIARSA SUYASA I Wayan Darya Kartika I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang I Wayan Juliawan I Wayan Kasa I Wayan Restu I Wayan Sandi Adnyana I Wayan Suarna I Wayan Subawa I Wayan Wesna Astara IDA AYU ASTARINI Ida Ayu Putu Widiawati Ida Ayu Utari Dewi ida bagus adi palguna Ida Bagus Ketut Gede Kertia Ida Bagus Lampita Prabawa Ida Bagus Windia Adnyana Ifan Martin Nopem IPG ARDHANA IRMA YULIA MADJID Joko Wiryatno Josua Siagian Josua Siagian KADEK ARY ANGGRAENI KADEK ARY ANGGRENI Karyono Karyono Khadijah Irania Kolis Pratama Komang Bayu Permana Komang Gede Pramantara Komang Lina Rosita Sugiarni Krisna Jumantara Panca Putra Letia Alda Fadilla Lisa Rosalia Prayuda Ludia Panggalo Luh Putu Diah Ananda Wijayanti Luh Putu Sudini Luh Putu Suryani M Alfian Pratama M. Sudiana Mahendra Made Ayu Pratiwi Made Widya Sekarbuana Mayang Utami Meta Apriliawati Sandi Miftachudin Syaiful Ma'ruf Mohammad Rizqi Mohan Budiman MOKHLAS SATIBI Mu'tasim Billah Muh Abduh Anwar Muhammad Asir Muhammad Sawir Muhammad Yusuf Ni Desak Putu Dita Herlinawati Ni Kadek Suardiani Ni Komang Rai Widhyaningsih Ni Luh Ayu Gita Astriani Ni Luh Ayu Gita Astriani Ni Luh Gede Ambarawati Ni Luh Gede Rai Ayu Saraswati Ni Luh Made Ari Sugianthi Ni Luh Putu Citra Adriyanti Ni Luh Watiniasih Ni Made Ary Widiastiti Ni Made Ernawati, Ni Made Ni Made Putri Kartika Jati Ni Putu Ayustin Krisnati Dewi Ni Putu Bella Yuliana Dewi Ni Putu Putri Wijayanti Ni Putu Sawitri Nandari Ni Putu Vivin Nopiantari Ni Putu Wiwin Angreni Ni Wayan Desy Wahyudiati Ni Wayan Ernawati NI WAYAN FEBRIANA UTAMI Ni Wayan Indah Purnamawati Nyoman Dati Pertami Octria Vesensia Olivia Grace Brigitta Florencia Pandu Pratama Putra Putra, I Nyoman Giri Putri Eka Cahyani Putri Febrine Nainggolan Putri Nilakandi Perdanawati Pitoyo Putu Agus Arisudana Putu Ayu Irma Wirmayanti Putu Dyah Prastiti Sukma Febriany Rachmat Andi Saputra Rani Ekawaty Ranny R. Yuneni Ravita Kusuma Dewi Rifaldus Dani S.A NYOMAN PUTRI TRIANTINI Sang Ayu Indah Sukma Dewi Stephanus Tambunan Suciati - SUCIKA ARMIANI, SUCIKA Suko Ismi Supardiono Supardiono Suprabadevi Ayumayasari Saraswati Suprabadevi Ayumayasari Saraswati Suprabadevi Ayumayasari Saraswati Suprabadevi Ayumayasari Saraswati SUPRATMAN - suryawan, Gusti Bagus Susumu Kanno Syachry Banun Takahiro Osawa Takahiro Osawa Takahiro Osawa Teguh Prayogo Widiastuti Widiastuti Widiati, Ida Ayu Putu Yoga Ibnu Graha Yuli Krisnawati YUNALDI YUNALDI Yuniarti K. Pumpun