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LANGUAGE VARIETIES IN GRIME VALLEY JAYAPURA Regional Dialectological Study CHRIST FAUTNGIL; Prof. Dr. Aron Meko Mbete; Prof. Dr. Multamia Lauder, M.A.; Dr. Ni Made Dhanawaty, M.S.
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol. 3. 1 Januari 2009 No. 1
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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A regional dialectological study is a research of mapping languages in anarea, as what conducted in this study in Grime Valley Jayapura. This research isbased on the theory of traditional dialectology currently known as a theory havingnormative rules to determine the status of a variety as a language, dialect, subdialect,difference in speaking and no difference in speaking, both in the valleyand outside the valley.The two language aspects employed as indicators are sound and lexicalaspects. What is discussed from these two aspects is variation. In terms of soundaspect, discussion of variation covers sound description, correspondence, andcalculation of sound distance from dialectometrie, phoneme inventory, andphoneme distribution. In terms of lexical aspect, lexical distribution andcalculation of vocabulary distance from lexical dialectometrie are discussed. Afterthat, varieties are classified, groupings of phonological and lexical varieties arecompared, and the status of every variety, as a language, a dialect, sub-dialect andso on is identified.Phonological study shows variation in correspondence aspect, calculationof sound distance, inventory, and phoneme distribution. Correspondence hasvarious variations such as the existence of irregular sound which is unpredictableon each point of observation. Calculation of sound distance shows a difference,but the difference is limited to the point in which there is no difference inspeaking. The inventory and distribution contain differences in number, type andexistence of given phonemes.Lexical study shows varied distribution at the middle and outskirts of theValley. The calculation of vocabulary distance shows that there is no difference inlanguage. Groupings of phonological and lexical varieties are different in numberbut identical in the points of observation. If identified in terms of language anddialect for the four varieties, namely Nimboran, Gresi, Kwansu and Kemtuk, itturns out that there are differences in language, that is, Nimboran, Kwansu andKemtuk Gresi. In the previous studies, Kemtuk and Gresi were known as twolanguages, but in this calculation, the difference was in the level of dialect.Further study need to be conducted to investigate the relation of languages inGrime Valley with those in the surrounding areas. It is also necessary to conduct adiachronic research and to apply other theories.2

Maritime Indonesia and the Archipelagic Outlook; Some reflections from a multidisciplinary perspective on old port cities in Java Lauder, Allan F.; Lauder, Multamia RMT
Wacana Vol 17, No 1 (2016): Maritime culture
Publisher : Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia

The present paper reflects on Indonesia’s status as an archipelagic state and a maritime nation from a historical perspective. It explores the background of a multi-year research project into Indonesia’s maritime past currently being undertaken at the Humanities Faculty of Universitas Indonesia. The multidisciplinary research uses toponymy, epigraphy, philology, and linguistic lines of analysis in examining old inscriptions and manuscripts and also includes site visits to a number of old port cities across the archipelago. We present here some of the core concepts behind the research such as the importance of the ancient port cities in a network of maritime trade and diplomacy, and link them to some contemporary issues such as the Archipelagic Outlook. This is based on a concept of territorial integrity that reflects Indonesia’s national identity and aspirations. It is hoped that the paper can extend the discussion about efforts to make maritime affairs a strategic geopolitical goal along with restoring Indonesia’s identity as a maritime nation.

REEVALUASI KONSEP PEMILAH BAHASA DAN DIALEK UNTUK BAHASA NUSANTARA Multamia RMT Lauder
MAKARA of Social Sciences and Humanities Series Vol 6, No 1 (2002): Juni
Publisher : Directorate of Research and Public Service, Universitas Indonesia

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Even today, there is disagreement among experts over how many languages and dialects there are in Indonesia. The methodological tools for classifying languages consist of mapping isoglosses, dialectometry, and measures of mutual intelligibility. The present article surveys the methodology used in N = 129 researches performed over the last 50 years and finds that researchers based their conclusions about languages and dialects predominantly on isoglosses while dialectometry and mutual intelligibility were much less used. It is also suggested that these three research methods be reevaluated in the light of the multilingual situation in Indonesia. We could possibly get better results with the isogloss method if we reconsidered the criteria for degree of sound similarity and the criteria for bundling isoglosses. For dialectometry, we should consider modifying the current percentages used to distinguish language-dialect divisions. For establishing mutual intelligibility, the factors that could be reassessed include techniques of testing, the procedures for choosing test-points and reference-points, and the criteria for choosing valid texts for testing. Keywords: Dialectology, mutual intelligibility, dialectometry, isogloss, classification

Ubiquitous place names Standardization and study in Indonesia Lauder, Multamia R.M.T.; Lauder, Allan F.
Wacana Vol 16, No 2 (2015): From languages to cultures in Indonesia II
Publisher : Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia

Place names play a vital role in human society. Names exist in all languages and place names are an indispensible part of international communication. This has been acknowledged by the establishment of the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN). One of UNGEGN’s tasks is to coordinate international efforts on the proper use of place names. Indonesia supports this effort and through its National Geospatial Agency (BIG). Place names are also of interest as an object of study in themselves. Academic studies into place names are found in linguistics, onomastics, philosophy and a number of other academic disciplines. This article looks at these two dimensions of place names, standardization efforts under the auspices of international and national bodies, and academic studies of names, with particular reference to the situation in Indonesia.

Preserving and empowering local languages amidst the Covid-19 pandemic; Lessons from East Kalimantan Lauder, Allan F.; Lauder, Multamia RMT; Kiftiawati, Kiftiawati
Wacana Vol 22, No 2 (2021): Languages of Nusantara II
Publisher : Faculty of Humanities, University of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17510/wacana.v22i2.1006

This article brings together two ostensibly separate subjects: language empowerment and the Covid-19 pandemic. It argues that knowledge of local languages can help disseminate health-related information on a regional level. This addresses two problems simultaneously: the problems raised by the intelligibilty of governmental healthcare protocols and the functions of the use of local languages. The article is a case study presenting a number of interventions in the languages of East Kalimantan and can be seen as an inclusive, grassroots example of health communication. The study was initially a modest attempt to generate on-the-ground examples of health information in the dominant languages of the region of East Kalimantan. These studies demonstrate that the local communities of these languages are very enthusiastic about getting involved in the interventions. They also reveal that communication using IT and social media is thriving.One of our observations was that information about this pandemic tends to be understood only by highly educated urban people. This happens because it is conveyed by the government in standard Indonesian, which includes many foreign loanwords. The application of local languages is not just using local language vocabulary, it is instead a trigger to revive the collective memory of disaster management based on local culture. In this case, local languages are recognized and considered useful in helping to break the chain of virus transmission to free Indonesia of the Covid-19 outbreak. There were a number of unexpected developments. We found support for the intervention being rolled out on a national level by Special Task Force for Covid-19 under National Disaster Management Agency (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana/BNPB). We also welcomed the online publication by the National Agency for Language Development and Cultivation (Badan Bahasa) of the Handbook for managing behavior about health protocols in seventy-seven local languages. The main thrust of this article should therefore be of interest to anyone working to empower local languages and language vitality.

Makna Toponim di Tangerang sebagai Representasi Keberadaan Etnis Cina Benteng: Sebuah Kajian Linguistik Historis Komparatif Sonya Ayu Kumala; Multamia RMT Lauder
Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa Vol 10, No 2 (2021): Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa
Publisher : Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26499/rnh.v10i2.4048

Cina Benteng in Tangerang called as Cina Benteng, the native of Tangerang. The name Benteng is closely related to the early history of Chinese migration. Cina Benteng in Tangerang, namely living in forts and growing crops as farmers or fishermen. Brown skin, slanted eyes, and keep an ash table, is a glimpse of the portrait of Cina Benteng. Regarding to that phenomena mentioned above, in this study the author examines the meaning of toponyms in Tangerang to be associated with the existence Cina Benteng. This study uses a comparative historical linguistic approach that uses names as linguistic units to examine meaning, and its relation to historical context. The theory used in this study is etymological theory, semiotic’s theory meaning by Barthes and, and Nystorm (2016). Toponyms or place names are one of the branches of onomastics (Rais et al, 2008). Onomastics examines self names and place names. The name is present not only to fulfill the function of identification, but the presence of the name also reveals the existing socio-cultural aspects. A name is constructed, interpreted, used continuously or even later replaced and abandoned. The study of place names or toponyms is a form of comparative historical linguistic study that utilizes branches of linguistic studies such as semantics and sociolinguistics as well as other fields outside of intersecting linguistics (Lauder, 2015). The data for this paper were collected from written documentation or maps. In addition, the author also uses ethnographic methods to be able to see the relationship of a place name with the surrounding community. The result of the study shows the meaning of toponym in Tangerang are strongly related to the existence of Cina Benteng from the old times until modern times. AbstrakEtnis Tionghoa di Tangerang yang disebut sebagai Cina Benteng, yaitu pribuminya Tangerang. Sebutan Benteng terkait erat dengan sejarah awal migrasi Cina Benteng di Tangerang yaitu mendiami benteng-benteng dan bercocok tanam sebagai petani atau nelayan. Berkulit coklat, bermata sipit, dan memelihara meja abu, merupakan sekilas potret Cina Benteng. Sehubungan dengan fenomena tersebut di atas, pada penelitian ini penulis bertujuan menelaah makna toponim di Tangerang untuk dikaitkan dengan keberadaan atau eksistensi dari etnis Cina Benteng. Penelitian ini menggunakan ancangan linguistik historis komparatif yang memanfaatkan nama sebagai satuan linguistik yang akan ditelisik makna, dan kaitannya dengan aspek historis. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori makna etimologi, teori makna semiotik Barthes dan, dan Nystorm (2016). Toponim atau nama tempat adalah salah satu cabang kajian dari onomastika (Rais et al, 2008). Onomastika mengkaji nama diri dan nama tempat. Nama hadir tidak semata untuk memenuhi fungsi identifikasi akan tetapi kehadiran nama juga mengungkap aspek sosial budaya yang ada. Sebuah nama dikonstruksikan, dimaknai, digunakan secara terus menerus atau bahkan kemudian diganti dan ditinggalkan. Kajian nama tempat atau toponim merupakan bentuk kajian linguistik historis komparatif yang memanfaatkan cabang kajian linguistik seperti semantik dan sosiolinguistik serta bidang lain diluar linguistik yang bersinggungan (Lauder, 2015). Data untuk tulisan ini dikumpulkan dari dokumentasi tertulis atau peta. Selain itu penulis juga memanfaatkan metode etnografi untuk dapat melihat kaitan sebuah nama tempat dengan masyarakat sekitar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan makna toponim di Tangerang, terkait erat dengan keberadaan Cina Benteng baik di masa lampau hingga dewasa ini.

PHONOLOGICAL AND LEXICAL VARIETIES OF LIO LANGUAGE IN FLORES, EAST NUSA TENGGARA: A STUDY OF GEOGRAPHICAL DIALECT Ni Made Suryati; Aron Meko Mbete; Multamia Lauder; Ni Made Dhanawaty
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol. 6. Januari 2012 No. 1
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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This study aims at describing and analyzing phonological and lexical varieties of Leo language in the regions where it is spoken, classifying its dialects and subdialects, and identifying the identity of its relation to Ende language. The theories used in this study are the theory of traditional dialectology and the theory of generative. The data used were obtained from the primary and secondary sources. The observation method and the participative method were applied to collect the data needed. The data were analyzed using descriptive-comparative method which was continued with dialectometric and mapping method. The segments vowels, consonants and syllables grouped under regular and sporadic varieties. The regular vowel variety and the regular syllable variety were found just one and on the other hand 20 regular consonant varieties. The vowel sporadic varieties found 37, the consonant sporadic varieties found 176, and the syllable sporadic varieties found 17. Lexically, Lio Language highly varied, indicated by the description of each gloss having more than 10 lexical varieties. Based on the isogloss bundles composed and based on the calculation obtained from both the lexical dialectometry and lexical dialectometry for the TPs which were close to each other, and on the permutation, DBL could be grouped into seven. (1) East Lio Language Dialect; (2) Central Lio Language Dialect; (3) Western Lio Language Dialect; (4) Ende Leo Language Dialect; (5) Welamosa Dialect; (6) Wololele A Dialect; and (7) Konara Dialect. From such groupings of dialects and sub dialects, it could be identified that Lio Language and Ende Language were different dialects.

SIGNAGE IN PUBLIC SPACES: IMPACT OF TOURISM ON THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF LABUAN BAJO Frans Asisi Datang; Sri Munawarah; Wiwin Triwinarti; Multamia RMT Lauder
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 7, No. 1, January 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Humanities Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/irhs.v7i1.394

Labuan Bajo, the capital of West Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, is currently experiencing rapid development. A good number of hotels, restaurants, and cafes have sprung up. The rapid development of tourist accommodation has had an impact on national and local identity as seen in the language in public spaces through the language used in the tourist accommodation sign boards.The purpose of this study is to map the linguistic landscape in Labuan Bajo, particularly the use of language on tourist accommodation signage; to explain the factors that lead to the dominance of massive foreign influences on the language of tourist accommodation signage; and explain the response of local communities to the domination of these foreign influences. This study used a qualitative method by first visually documenting data, consisting of names of tourist accommodations in Labuan Bajo; second, doing a linguistic analysis of data in particular the meaning and construction of names that may come from one or multiple languages.The results of the field research show that foreign identities in language use on tourist accommodation signboards in Labuan Bajo are so widespread. It is hoped that the government can encourage the use of the national language and regional languages in tourist accommodation signage through the socialization of the use of language in public spaces as stated in Law No. 24 of 2009 so that national and local identities in Labuan Bajo are not seen as inferior to foreign identities.KEYWORDS: linguistic landscape, public space, identity, national and local language

PENGEMBANGAN SOSIO-ONOMASTIKA DI INDONESIA: TINJAUAN KINI DAN POTENSI DI MASA DEPAN Fajar Erikha; Multamia R.M.T. Lauder; Frans Asisi Datang
Kelasa Vol 16, No 2 (2021): Kelasa
Publisher : Kantor Bahasa Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26499/kelasa.v16i2.213

Penelitian berlatar onomastika mulai menggeliat akhir-akhir ini. Hal ini terlihat dalam penerbitan publikasi ilmiah dan ilmiah populer yang dilakukan tidak hanya mereka yang berlatar linguistik, tetapi juga ilmu-ilmu lainnya yang beririsan. Sementara itu, kebutuhan untuk mengkaji aspek sosial pada nama dan penamaan mulai ada karena nama hadir, diproduksi, digunakan oleh masyarakat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Di Eropa, aspek sosial pada nama dibahas dalam kerangka sosiolinguistik sehingga kemudian disebut juga sebagai sosio-onomastika. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi onomastika, khususnya sosio-onomastika dalam cakupan tiga teoretik dasar dan lanjutan yaitu Onomastika Setempat, Kelekatan Toponimi, dan Lanskap Linguistik serta seperti apa potensi pengembangannya di kemudian hari. Guna mendapatkan gambaran komprehensif, dilakukanlah penelusuran literatur onomastika, khususnya sosio-onomastika baik berupa kajian teoretis maupun studi empiris. Artikel ini menyimpulkan kajian sosio-onomastika dengan latar Indonesia masih terbatas sehingga perlu dikembangkan lebih lanjut agar terbentuk konstruksi teoretis yang lebih kaya dan tidak Barat-sentris. Diskusi berikutnya juga diperlukan agar studi berbasis sosio-onomastika dapat digunakan oleh praktisi nama-penamaan maupun pembuat kebijakan publik.

Reevaluasi Konsep Pemilah Bahasa dan Dialek Untuk Bahasa Nusantara Lauder, Multamia RMT
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 6, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Even today, there is disagreement among experts over how many languages and dialects there are in Indonesia. The methodological tools for classifying languages consist of mapping isoglosses, dialectometry, and measures of mutual intelligibility. The present article surveys the methodology used in N = 129 researches performed over the last 50 years and finds that researchers based their conclusions about languages and dialects predominantly on isoglosses while dialectometry and mutual intelligibility were much less used. It is also suggested that these three research methods be reevaluated in the light of the multilingual situation in Indonesia. We could possibly get better results with the isogloss method if we reconsidered the criteria for degree of sound similarity and the criteria for bundling isoglosses. For dialectometry, we should consider modifying the current percentages used to distinguish language-dialect divisions. For establishing mutual intelligibility, the factors that could be reassessed include techniques of testing, the procedures for choosing test-points and reference-points, and the criteria for choosing valid texts for testing.

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