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p-Index From 2019 - 2024
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This Author published in this journals
All Journal Indonesian Journal of International Law Indonesia Law Review (ILREV)
Muhammad, Alif Nurfakhri
Unknown Affiliation
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Revisiting U.S – China Aggressive Use of Outer Space: A Comprehensive International Law Outlook Towards Military Activities in Outer Space Muhammad, Alif Nurfakhri
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Outer Space, as the area on which freedom of use is guaranteed by the Treaty, creates a condition in which nations conduct their military activities. These activities however, were only limited to those conducted using nuclear weapons and/or containing nuclear materials. The principle of Peaceful Uses of Outer Space has been proven inadequate to regulate these activities. This has resulted to launches of weapons to Outer Space to destroy satellites, as conducted by the United States and China. These launches, whatever the purposes are, may cause hazardous repercussion to other State’s activity in Outer Space. This article will comprehensively elaborate on related International Law and other measures which regulate military activities in Outer Space, especially on the launch of non-nuclear weaponry under any purposes. From these analyses, we can conclude that however inadequate the Outer Space Treaty article’s stipulation in the matter, there are other stipulations of international law that we can gather that regulates military activity in Outer Space.
THE ADMISSIBILITY OF EARTH OBSERVATION DATA IN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS: A CLOSER LOOK TOWARDS DATA IMAGING Muhammad, Alif Nurfakhri
Indonesia Law Review
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Space capabilities utilization, specifically Earth observation capabilities is not just limited to environmental protection and disaster mitigation, as was shown in the UN Principles on Remote Sensing. It can also be used to support law enforcement and legal proceedings in court. However, the technology of Earth observation is very complex and the process from primary earth observation data to analyzed information requires a degree of manipulation to create comprehensive data. Because of this, there is an issue of admissibility of Earth observation data in court. This article would like to answer the fundamental question on how can this data be admissible, beginning with the procedure to obtain it and to ensure the authenticity of the data, and finds that there are methods of Data Imaging and Digital Audit that may ensure its authenticity. It will also find that obtaining this data for evidence requires a process of special agreement that needs to be looked at more in the future.
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