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All Journal Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Jurnal Teknosains Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology JURNAL PHARMASCIENCE INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Pharmascience Majalah Farmaseutik Jurnal Rekayasa Proses
Hilda Ismail, Hilda
Faculty Of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakartaa, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Education Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Social Sciences

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Review Rheumatoid Arthritis: Terapi Farmakologi, Potensi Kurkumin dan Analognya, serta Pengembangan Sistem Nanopartikel Chabib, Lutfi; Ikawati, Zullies; Martien, Ronny; Ismail, Hilda
JURNAL PHARMASCIENCE Vol 3, No 1 (2016): JURNAL PHARMASCIENCE
Publisher : JURNAL PHARMASCIENCE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis  (RA) adalah  penyakit  autoimun  yang menyebabkan  peradangan  kronis  pada sendi. Penatalaksanaan RA harus agresif dan sedini mungkin sehingga mampu meningkatkan hasil jangka pendek maupun panjang penderita. Rheumatoid arthritis akibat reaksi autoimun dalam jaringan sinovial yang melibatkan proses fagositosis. Tujuan dari pengobatan rheumatoid arthritis tidak hanya mengontrol gejala penyakit, tetapi juga penekanan aktivitas penyakit untuk mencegah kerusakan permanen. Penderita RA memulai pengobatan mereka dengan DMARDs (Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs) seperti metotreksat, sulfasalazin dan leflunomid. Alternatif pengobatan yang dapat dijadikan salah satu pilihan dalam penanganan RA yaitu senyawa kurkumin dan analognya. Sistem nanopartikel mampu meningkatan efektifitas dalam pengobatan terutama keadaan RA. Kata kunci : rheumatoid arthritis, Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs, kurkumin, nanopartikel.
FORMULATION OF NANOCURCUMIN USING LOW VISCOSITY CHITOSAN POLYMER AND ITS CELLULAR UPTAKE STUDY INTO T47D CELLS Chabib, Lutfi; Martien, Ronny; Ismail, Hilda
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 23 No 1, 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (818.121 KB) | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm23iss1pp27-35

Abstract

Using  of  curcumin  as  anti  cancer  agent  is  restricted  by  its low  solubility,  therefore  it  has  low  bioavability.  This  obstacle  can be  solved  by  the  development  of  curcumin  nanoparticle. Nanoparticle  technology  has  been  started  to  be  developed  as  an alternative  solution to  improve drug  delivery pofile, especially  for the less bio-available chemical. This study was aimed to develope nanocurcumin  formulation  with  low  viscosity  chitosan  as  the matrix  and  to  study  its  ability  to  be  taken  into  the cells in  vitro. Method  used  in  the  formulation  of  nanocurcumin  in  this  study  is by ionic gelation followed by freeze drying. Entrapment  Efficiency then  assayed,  and  its  stability  was  tested  by  incubating  the formula  into  artificial  intestinal  fluid  (AIF).  Furthermore,  its toxicity  was  evaluated,  also  its  cellular  uptake  ability  into  T47D cell  line.  It  was  found  that  the  Entrapment  Efficiency  in  acetate buffer  at  pH  4  is  higher  than  at  pH  5.  This  formula  also  has  a good  stability  in  AIF.  For  the  cellular  uptake  study  through fluorescence  microscope,  it  was  found  that  the  complex  has  an ability  to  penetrate  cellular  membrane  into  the  cytosol.  The cytotoxicity  study  tell  us  that  the  nanocurcumin  is  non-toxic  to normal  cell line. For  the characterization of the nanoparticles, the average  size  of  this  particle  is  269.8  nm,  its  zeta-potential  is +18.63 mV, with spherical particle morphology. From the result ofthis study, it is concluded that formulation of nanocurcumin using low viscosity chitosan polymer as the matrix has a great potential as an alternative for anticancer therapy.Key words: nanoparticle, curcumin, low viscosity chitosan, T47D cell line. 
Conjugation of Anti-EpCAM Antibody on Alginate–RIP MJ-30 Nanoparticle through Carbodiimide Reaction as a Model of Targeted Protein Therapy Ismail, Hilda; Ciptasari, Ummi H.; Ikhsan, M Arief Nur; Suryani, Fidya; Sismindari, Sismindari; Martien, Ronny; Yuswanto, Ag
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 30 No 1, 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (988.21 KB) | DOI: 10.14499/indonesianjpharm30iss1pp52

Abstract

Ribosome inactivating proteins from Mirabilis jalapa L. (RIP MJ) has shown higher cytotoxic activity when being formulated as a nanoparticle. However, the selectivity of the delivery system is also an important aspect when it comes to cytotoxic cell therapy. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a monomeric glycoprotein which is overexpressed in epithelial cancer cells. This study aim was to develop a model of targeted protein delivery system by formulating the base fraction of RIP MJ (RIP MJ-30) into alginate nanoparticles and conjugating it with anti-EpCAM antibody. RIP MJ-30 was formulated in to nanoparticle using alginate and CaCl2 as cross-linker. Optimization of conjugation reaction condition was done in the pH variation of 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5. The success of conjugation was analyzed qualitatively using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native-PAGE) method and BCA assay. The optimum formula of RIP MJ-30 nanoparticles was produced using 0.3% alginate and 0.2% CaCl2. Results indicated that optimum conjugation reaction was carried out at pH level of 5.5. The optimum native-PAGE condition was by using 8% polyacrylamide gel in duration of 6h. Characterization of nanoparticle resulted in particle size of 205.0nm, zeta potential of -6.9mV, entrapment efficiency of 71.11±4.84%, and conjugation efficiency of 89.55±6.18%. It was concluded that RIP MJ-30 was successfully formulated into alginate nanoparticle and conjugated to anti-EpCAM antibody through carbodiimide reaction using 1-ethyl-(dimethylprophilamine) carbodiimide (EDAC).
PREPARASI NANOPARTIKEL GAMAVUTON-0 MENGGUNAKAN KITOSAN RANTAI PENDEK DAN TRIPOLIFOSFAT SEBAGAI CROSS LINKER Wintari Taurina; Ronny Martien; Hilda Ismail
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Vol. 10 No. 2 (2013): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/jif.vol10.iss2.art4

Abstract

Gamavuton-0 (GVT-0) adalah suatu senyawa hasil modifikasi molekul kurkumindengan potensi analgetika dan anti inflamas iyang terbukti cukup baik. Saat ini pemberian senyawa GVT-0 sangat terbatas melalui rute parenteral, karena rendahnya bioaviabilitas senyawa pada pemberian secara peroral. Hal ini disebabkan karena sifat-sifat fisikokimia GVT-0 yang tidak menguntungkan (hidrofilisitas, ukuran molekul, dan densitas muatan negatif) yang menyebabkan permeabilitasnya terhadap intestinal menjadi buruk. Keterbatasan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan sistem nanopartikel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan nanopartikel GVT-0 dengan pembawa kitosan rantai pendek sebagai sebuah sistem penghantaran obat per oral. Pada penelitian ini nanopartikel GVT-0 diformulasikan menggunakan metode ionik gelasi dengan penambahan tripolifosfat (TPP) yang bermuatan negatif. Nanopartikel akan dikarakterisasi menggunakan TEM dan PSA untuk melihat morfologi dan ukurannya, kemudian dilakukan uji Entrapment Efficiency. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji stabilitas di dalam HCl dan AIF. Nanopartikel GVT-0 yang dipreparasi mempunyai ukuran partikel ratarata antara 504,7 nm - 638,2 nm dan umumnya mempunyai bentuk sferik. Entrapment Efficiency yang diperoleh yaitu antara 30,27% - 71,63%. Nanopartikel GVT- 0 relatif stabil dalam HCl 0,1N pH 1 sampai jam ke-3 dengan stabilitas antara 53,03 - 83,56%, dan dalam AIF sampai jam ke-4 dengan stabilitas antara 63,08 - 97,08%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terlihat bahwa GVT-0 dan kitosan rantai pendek dapat dipreparasi menjadi nanopartikel GVT-0 yang stabil dalam AIF dan HCl 0,1N pH 1.
Formulation of Medium Viscosity Chitosan-Pectin –MJ Protein Nanoparticles Conjugated with Anti-Ep-CAM and Its Cytotoxicity Against T47D Breast Cancer Cell Lines Anggun Feranisa; Dewa Ayu Arimurni; Hilda Ismail; Ronny Martien; S. Sismindari
Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 20, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (335.516 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/ijbiotech.15283

Abstract

Chitosan nanoparticle could become potential formula to protect protein degradation during therapy,since chitosan nanoparticles have “proton sponge hypothesis” mechanism on its protection. Chitosan and pectinis used as basic formula of drug delivery because of its biodegradable and biocompatible properties. Chitosanpectin nanoparticles can be formulated by polyelectrolit complex. EpCAM showed excessive expression inepithelial cancer cells thus can be used as a therapeutic biomarker. MJ protein, a Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins(RIPs) isolated from Mirabilis jalapa L had a higher cytotoxicity on malignant cells than normal cells. MJ proteinneed to be formulated to protect from proteosome degradation in endosome. The aim of this research was todevelop MJ protein-chitosan-pectin nanoparticles and conjugated with anti EpCAM for breast cancer therapy.Mj protein was extracted from M.jalapa leaves. RIPs activity was assayed by supercoiled DNA cleavage. MJprotein were loaded into chitosan nanoparticles using medium viscous chitosan and pectin as cross-linker withpolyelectrolit complex method. Anti EpCAM was conjugated to MJ protein-chitosan-pectin nanoparticles bycarbodiimide reaction and characterized for its entrapment efficiency, morphology by transmission electronmicroscope, particles size, and zeta potential. MJ protein nanoparticles conjugated anti EpCAM and withoutanti EpCAM were cytotoxicity assayed toward T47D and Vero cell lines. MJ protein was able to cleave thesupercoiled DNA into linear and nicked-circular ones. The nanoparticles optimal concentration of mediumviscous chitosan: MJ protein: pectin was 0.01%: 0.01%: 1% (m/v). A high entrapment efficiency of MJ proteinnanoparticles was 98.97 ± 0.07%. Morphology nanoparticles showed an amorphic structure with 200.00 nmparticles size. The nanoparticles conjugated anti EpCAM showed average particles size 367.67nm, polydispersityindex 0.332, and zeta potential +39.97mV. MJ protein-chitosan-pectin nanoparticles conjugated anti EpCAMand unconjugated both had higher cytotoxicity with the IC50 57.64 μg/mL and 46.84 μg/mL respectivelyagainst T47D and 99.38 μg/mL and 111.34 μg/mL against Vero cell lines compared to MJ protein with IC50 of3075.61 μg/mL against T47D and 3286.88 μg/mL against Vero cell lines. Both MJ protein-nanoparticles couldincrease the cytotoxicity effects about 50 times compared to the unformulated MJ protein activity, howeverhad less specificity toward T47D and Vero cell lines.
Kinetics Study of Paracetamol Production from Para-Aminophenol and Acetic Anhydride Rifki Wahyu Kurnianto; Muhammad Fahrurrozi; Hilda Ismail; Raden Rara Endang Lukitaningsih; Indah Tri Nugraha; Pudjono Pudjono; Rochmadi Rochmadi; Ari Sudarmanto; Ratna Asmah Susidarti
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.64551

Abstract

In the last decade, Indonesia intensifies the efforts to reduce pharmaceutical imports. One of the initiatives is establishing a paracetamol production facility to start operating in 2024. Kinetics study is needed as a basis to design the paracetamol reactor. This study investigated the optimal temperature, reactant mole ratio, and agitation speed in the reactor for paracetamol production. In this study, aqueous solution of para-aminophenol was reacted with acetic anhydride. The mole ratio of para-aminophenol to acetic anhydride was varied to 1:1, 1:1.2, 1:1.5, and 1:2 while the temperature was varied to 80 °C, 90 °C, and 110 °C. However, due to uncontrolled heat of the reaction and limitation of the mixture’s boiling point, the actual reaction temperatures were 86 °C, 90 °C, and 108 °C. In addition, the agitation speed of 250 RPM and 350 RPM were also studied. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and densitometry were used to determine the concentration of paracetamol in the reacting mixture. The optimum temperature, reactant mole ratio, and agitation speed in this study were 108 °C, 1:1.5, and 350 RPM, respectively. In addition, a reaction performed under those operating parameters gave the reaction rate constant of 1.95 L mol-1 min-1.Keywords: acetic anhydride; kinetics; para-aminophenol; paracetamol; pharmaceutical industry A B S T R A KDalam sepuluh tahun terakhir ini, Indonesia bertekad mengurangi impor bahan baku farmasi. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan adalah membangun fasilitas produksi parasetamol yang akan mulai beroperasi pada tahun 2024. Studi kinetika diperlukan sebagai dasar perancangan reaktor parasetamol. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengkaji kondisi operasi optimal pada reaksi produksi parasetamol yang akan dibutuhkan sebagai dasar perancangan pabrik. Pada percobaan ini, para-aminofenol direaksikan dengan anhidrida asetat dengan media air. Rasio mol para-aminofenol terhadap asetat anhidrida divariasikan 1:1 1:1,2, 1:1,5, dan 1:2 sedangkan temperatur divariasikan 80 °C, 90 °C, dan 110 °C. Akan tetapi, karena panas reaksi yang tidak dikontrol dan batasan berupa titik didih dari campuran reaksi, temperatur aktual reaksi menjadi 86 °C, 90 °C, dan 108 °C. Selain itu, kecepatan putaran pengadukan juga divariasikan pada angka 250 RPM dan 350 RPM. Kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dan densitometri digunakan untuk menentukan konsentrasi parasetamol dalam campuran reaksi. Temperatur, rasio mol reaktan, dan kecepatan putaran pengadukan yang optimum pada penelitian ini masing-masing adalah 110 °C, 1:1,5, dan 350 RPM. Selain itu, reaksi yang dilakukan dengan kondisi operasi tersebut menghasilkan konstanta laju reaksi 1,95 L mol-1 menit-1.Kata kunci: anhidrida asetat, industri farmasi, kinetika, para-aminofenol, parasetamol
Employing lipase of candida antarctica (calb) as catalyst in the acetylation of para-aminophenol in aqueous and water-free medium Hilda Ismail; Evi Lande Setiyani; Dwi Titus Indriyawati; B. S. Ari Sudarmanto
Jurnal Teknosains Vol 11, No 1 (2021): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/teknosains.69113

Abstract

Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB) is one of lipase classes enzymes that has many advantages to be used in the process of synthesizing organic compounds. In this study, some experiments were conducted to examine the ability of CaLB as a catalyst in the para-aminophenol (PAP) acetylation to produce paracetamol as the result. Two types of research have been carried out, the first one is to utilize CaLB to catalyze acetylation of PAP in a water-free reaction medium, and the second one is to use CaLB as catalyst in aqueous medium through oxidative amidation reaction. Reaction in water free system was held in ethyl catalyst acetate as solvent that also act as the acyl donor, while in the aqueous medium, acetylacetone was used as acyl donor and ethyl acetate as source to produce peracid that will be used as oxidator. Analysis was done by HPLC and TLC densitometric to follow the amount of paracetamol produced.  The results of CaLB-catalyzed acylation in water free system showed that the enzyme could accept PAF and ethyl acetate as a substrate in a nucleophilic substitution reaction, resulting in paracetamol as a product. However, the yield from the acylation of PAP is still not satisfactory. In the reaction in aqueous medium, CaLB has been proven to show its activity to catalyze the acylation of PAP with acetylacetone, as well as the reaction of peracid formation from ethyl acetate. The results show that this strategy can work well and give better yields than the other reaction in water-free medium.
Review Rheumatoid Arthritis: Terapi Farmakologi, Potensi Kurkumin dan Analognya, serta Pengembangan Sistem Nanopartikel Lutfi Chabib; Zullies Ikawati; Ronny Martien; Hilda Ismail
Jurnal Pharmascience Vol 3, No 1 (2016): Jurnal Pharmascience
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jps.v3i1.5830

Abstract

 ABSTRAK  Rheumatoid arthritis  (RA) adalah  penyakit  autoimun  yang menyebabkan  peradangan  kronis  pada sendi. Penatalaksanaan RA harus agresif dan sedini mungkin sehingga mampu meningkatkan hasil jangka pendek maupun panjang penderita. Rheumatoid arthritis akibat reaksi autoimun dalam jaringan sinovial yang melibatkan proses fagositosis. Tujuan dari pengobatan rheumatoid arthritis tidak hanya mengontrol gejala penyakit, tetapi juga penekanan aktivitas penyakit untuk mencegah kerusakan permanen. Penderita RA memulai pengobatan mereka dengan DMARDs (Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs) seperti metotreksat, sulfasalazin dan leflunomid. Alternatif pengobatan yang dapat dijadikan salah satu pilihan dalam penanganan RA yaitu senyawa kurkumin dan analognya. Sistem nanopartikel mampu meningkatan efektifitas dalam pengobatan terutama keadaan RA. Kata kunci : rheumatoid arthritis, Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs, kurkumin, nanopartikel. ABSTRACT Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints. Management of RA must be aggressive and as early as possible so as to increase the yield of short and long term patients. Rheumatoid arthritis due to an autoimmune reaction in the synovial tissue that involves the process of phagocytosis. The purpose of the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis not only control the symptoms of the disease, but also suppressed disease activity to prevent permanent damage. RA patients begin their treatment with DMARDs (Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs) such as methotrexate, sulfasalazine and leflunomid. Alternative treatments that can be used as an option in the treatment of RA are compounds curcumin and its analogs. Nanoparticle systems is able to increase the effectiveness in the treatment of RA, especially state. Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis, Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs, curcumin, nanoparticles.
Kinetics Study of Paracetamol Production from Para-Aminophenol and Acetic Anhydride Rifki Wahyu Kurnianto; Muhammad Fahrurrozi; Hilda Ismail; Raden Rara Endang Lukitaningsih; Indah Tri Nugraha; Pudjono Pudjono; Rochmadi Rochmadi; Ari Sudarmanto; Ratna Asmah Susidarti
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.64551

Abstract

In the last decade, Indonesia intensifies the efforts to reduce pharmaceutical imports. One of the initiatives is establishing a paracetamol production facility to start operating in 2024. Kinetics study is needed as a basis to design the paracetamol reactor. This study investigated the optimal temperature, reactant mole ratio, and agitation speed in the reactor for paracetamol production. In this study, aqueous solution of para-aminophenol was reacted with acetic anhydride. The mole ratio of para-aminophenol to acetic anhydride was varied to 1:1, 1:1.2, 1:1.5, and 1:2 while the temperature was varied to 80 °C, 90 °C, and 110 °C. However, due to uncontrolled heat of the reaction and limitation of the mixture’s boiling point, the actual reaction temperatures were 86 °C, 90 °C, and 108 °C. In addition, the agitation speed of 250 RPM and 350 RPM were also studied. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and densitometry were used to determine the concentration of paracetamol in the reacting mixture. The optimum temperature, reactant mole ratio, and agitation speed in this study were 108 °C, 1:1.5, and 350 RPM, respectively. In addition, a reaction performed under those operating parameters gave the reaction rate constant of 1.95 L mol-1 min-1.Keywords: acetic anhydride; kinetics; para-aminophenol; paracetamol; pharmaceutical industry A B S T R A KDalam sepuluh tahun terakhir ini, Indonesia bertekad mengurangi impor bahan baku farmasi. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan adalah membangun fasilitas produksi parasetamol yang akan mulai beroperasi pada tahun 2024. Studi kinetika diperlukan sebagai dasar perancangan reaktor parasetamol. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengkaji kondisi operasi optimal pada reaksi produksi parasetamol yang akan dibutuhkan sebagai dasar perancangan pabrik. Pada percobaan ini, para-aminofenol direaksikan dengan anhidrida asetat dengan media air. Rasio mol para-aminofenol terhadap asetat anhidrida divariasikan 1:1 1:1,2, 1:1,5, dan 1:2 sedangkan temperatur divariasikan 80 °C, 90 °C, dan 110 °C. Akan tetapi, karena panas reaksi yang tidak dikontrol dan batasan berupa titik didih dari campuran reaksi, temperatur aktual reaksi menjadi 86 °C, 90 °C, dan 108 °C. Selain itu, kecepatan putaran pengadukan juga divariasikan pada angka 250 RPM dan 350 RPM. Kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dan densitometri digunakan untuk menentukan konsentrasi parasetamol dalam campuran reaksi. Temperatur, rasio mol reaktan, dan kecepatan putaran pengadukan yang optimum pada penelitian ini masing-masing adalah 110 °C, 1:1,5, dan 350 RPM. Selain itu, reaksi yang dilakukan dengan kondisi operasi tersebut menghasilkan konstanta laju reaksi 1,95 L mol-1 menit-1.Kata kunci: anhidrida asetat, industri farmasi, kinetika, para-aminofenol, parasetamol
Nanoparticle Preparation of Pentagamavunon-0 Using Medium Viscous Chitosan Matrix Cross Linked by Sodium Tripolyphosphate Through Ionic Gelation Mechanism as Anti-Inflammatory Candidate Adhyatmika Adhyatmika; Ronny Martien; Hilda Ismail
Majalah Farmaseutik Vol 13, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (405.477 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/farmaseutik.v13i2.40916

Abstract

Pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0, abbreviated), a curcumin analogue with chemical structure as 2,5-bis(4’-hydroxy-3’-methoxybenzilidin)cyclopentanone, has proven to have anti-inflammatory activity and non-ulcerogenic. However, orally PGV-0 has low bioavailability because of its low solubility. One of the strategy to improve PGV-0 solubility in order to increase bioavailability is using nanoparticle carrier. The aim of the study is to formulate chitosan-PGV-0 nanoparticles through ionic gelation mechanism cross-linked by tripolyphosphate. PGV-0 nanoparticle produced was then characterized for its particle size, morphology, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and stability against artificial gastric and intestinal fluids (AGF and AIF). PGV-0 nanoparticle was tested for its anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced inflammatory method, and its enzymatic affinity against enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2. Chitosan-PGV-0 nanoparticles were formulated in the combination of 0,05% PGV-0, 0,05% medium-viscous chitosan and 0,002% TPP. The nanoparticles were 144,37 + 17,41 nm amorphous particles. Amount of PGV-0 entrapped was 99,40 + 0,08 % with +3,8 + 0,27 mV in zeta potential. Stability study in AGF and AIF was shown that 99,64-99,74 % (AGF) and 99,54-99,69 % (AIF) of PGV-0 remains in nanoparticles. Chitosan-PGV-0 nanoparticles at 5 mg/kg body weight was obtain 35,47 % anti-inflammatory activity and has found to have self-affinity against COX enzyme, relatively selective to COX-2.
Co-Authors Adhyatmika Adhyatmika Anggun Feranisa Ari Sudarmanto B. S. Ari Sudarmanto Ciptasari, Ummi H. Dewa Ayu Arimurni Dwi Titus Indriyawati Endang Lukitaningsih Evi Lande Setiyani Ikhsan, M Arief Nur Indah Tri Nugraha Kurnianto, Rifki Wahyu Lutfi Chabib, Lutfi Martien, Ronny Martien, Ronny Muhammad Fahrurrozi Pudjono Pudjono Ratna Asmah Susidarti Rochmadi Rochmadi Ronny Martien Ronny Martien Ronny Martien Ronny Martien S. Sismindari Sismindari, Sismindari Suryani, Fidya Wintari Taurina Yuswanto, Ag Zullies Ikawati