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All Journal JURNAL SELULOSA EQIEN - JURNAL EKONOMI DAN BISNIS Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Jurnal Ekonomika dan Bisnis

Bambang Subiyanto

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Author-ID : 2212537

Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences

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Pemanfaatan Limbah Tandan Kosong dari Industri Pengolahan Kelapa Sawit untuk Papan Partikel dengan Perekat Penol Formaldehida Utilization of Empty Fruit Bunch Waste from Oil Palm Industry for Particleboard Using Phenol Formaldehyde Adhesive Bambang Subiyanto; Subyakto Subyakto; Sudijono Sudijono; Mohamad Gopar; Sasa Sofyan Munawar
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 2, No 2 (2004): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) is waste from oil palm industry that has potential to be used as particleboard material. Production of particleboard might be useful to decrease the waste from oil palm industry. The problem in using waste from oil palm is the high extractive content that can decrease adhesive properties in panel production using thermoplastic adhesive, cement or thermosetting adhesive. The problem can be solved by special treatment to oil palm waste to decrease the extractives content. The objective of this research is to observe the influence of some treatments of EFB, density and adhesive content on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard using phenol formaldehyde adhesive. Adhesive content used were 8%, 10% and 12% from oven dry weight of particles, while density was varied at 0.6 g/cm3, 0.7 g/cm3, and 0.8 g/cm3. Pre-treatment for EFB particles were cold water soaking for 24 hours, hot water boiling for 2 hours, Ca(OH)2 1 % solvent boiling for 2 hours and NaOH 1 % solvent boiling for 2 hours.The results showed that cold water soaking treatment for 24 hours and hot water boiling for 2 hours was the optimum treatment. The optimum content of adhesive was 10% with minimum density of 0.7 g/cm3. Thickness swelling for all type of EFB particleboards were not met the JIS A-5908, while internal bond, screw withdrawal and modulus of rupture (MOR) were met the type 8 of JIS A-5908 (1994).

Veneer and Thin Plywood Overlaid for Quality Improvement of Particleboard Made of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Bambang Subiyanto; Entang Rasyid; Mohamad Gopar; Anita Firmanti
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 6, No 1 (2008): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Many efforts to find alternatives raw materials in the particleboards have been done and one of them is utilizing Empty Fruit Brunches (EFB) from palm oil production. Based on some reports, low performance of particleboards especially mechanical properties was obtained when using EFB as raw materials. Overlaying the particleboards made of EFB with veneer and thin plywood is predicted as one way to improve the quality of such particleboards. The raw material of overlaid particleboards was EFB, veneer of 2 mm Falcata, and 3 mm commercial plywood. Commercial urea formaldehyde (UF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) were used as binder. The adhesive content varied from 8%, 10% to 12% based on oven dry of particles. The size of board was 250 X 250 X 10 mm with target density of 0.6 g/cm3.The experiment results showed that particleboards made of EFB with UF resin demonstrated better physical and mechanical properties than particleboards with PF resin. It was also found that direct overlaying veneer and thin plywood on the surface of particleboards would significantly improve the mechanical properties of the boards especially the modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture.

Pembuatan Papan Partikel Berukuran Komersial dari Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dengan Perekat Urea Formaldehida Development of Commercial Size Particleboard from Waste of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Using Urea Formaldehyde Adhesive Bambang Subiyanto; Subyakto Subyakto; Sudijono Sudijono; Mohamad Gopar Mohamad Gopar; Entang Rasyid; Sasa Sofyan Munawar
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 3, No 1 (2005): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Development of particleboard from waste of Oil Palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) using phenol formaldehyde adhesive has been done at small size (laboratory scale) in the previous study. Further development at commercial size board is conducted in the present study. The objective of this research is to observe the effects of EFB particleboard types and density on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard using urea formaldehyde adhesive. The types of EFB particleboard were particleboard of entirely EFB particles, board layered with sawdust and board layered with plywood. Adhesive content used was 10% from oven dry weight of particles; wax content used was 12% from weight of adhesive. The board density was varied at 0.5 g/cm3, 0.6 g/cm3, and 0.7 g/cm3. The EFB particles were soaked for 24 hours in cold water before used.The results showed that EFB particleboard that layered with plywood at density of 0.7 g/cm3 gave the optimum result. Thickness swelling for all type of EFB particleboards were not met the JIS A 5908; therefore it need further study to overcome this problem. All mechanical properties such as internal bond, screw withdrawal, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) for EFB particleboard that layered with plywood were met the type 8 of JIS A 5908.

Wood Drying Method by “Teresan” Process on Sengon Wood (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) Yoyo Suhaya; Bambang Subiyanto; Yoshinori Kobayashi
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 3, No 2 (2005): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

This research aims to confirm the effect of conventional teresan process as a natural drying on Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielson) standing trees, and to develop a new teresan process by adding Arboricide.The experiment was done in dry season at Kuningan, West Java. For the conventional teresan process, living trees were nicked into the cambial layer around the trunk at 15 ~ 25 cm in height from the ground. For the new teresan process, 25% percent kerosene solution of Arboricide Garlon 480EC was coated at the nick of the tree.Living Sengon trees in dry season showed high moisture content, i.e. around 60 ~ 100%. By the conventional teresan process, the reduction of moisture was almost the same as control trees. On the other hand, by the new teresan process coating with 25% kerosene solution of Arboricide Garlon 480EC it showed a large reduction of moisture content from over 100% to 30% in 4 months. The new teresan process showed the drying speed of 0.66% per day; higher than that of the conventional process, i.e. 0.24% per day. The new teresan process could be suggested as a high-speed natural drying method in the forest.

Effect of Surface Density on the Fire Performance of Wood and Wood-Based Materials Anita Firmanti; Subyakto Subyakto; Bambang Subiyanto; Shuichi Kawai
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 9, No 1 (2011): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Surface density known as mass per unit area or as a product of density and thickness was analyzed as a key factor in predicting the fire performance of wood and wood based materials. Sawn timber of Mangium (Acacia mangium Willd) and Gmelina Arborea (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) in various thicknesses, manufactured particleboards and cement bonded particleboards of both species in various densities and thicknesses were used as the testing materials. Commercial particleboards, cement bonded particleboards and MDF were also tested. Boards were tested under ISO 5660 using cone calorimeter. Physical and mechanical properties were tested based on ASTM and JIS standards. The physical and mechanical properties of manufactured wood based panels could fulfil the JIS standard. Ignition time is affected by the surface density and effective surface area to the heat exposure of the boards. Boards reacted in different ways to the heat exposure but they needed similar time to the critical temperatures of 260 °C, in the similar surface density regardless of materials type. Surface density could be used as a key parameter in the fire resistant design process. The results of tested boards under ISO 5660 were about two third of those under JIS A 1304.Key words: cone calorimeter, fire resistant performance, surface density, wood, wood based materials.

The Effects of Inflation, Exchange Rate, and Import on Value Added Tax and Sales Tax of Luxury Goods Bambang Subiyanto; Tiara Pradani; Kumba Digdowiseiso; Nada Virgita
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Vol 5, No 1 (2022): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute February
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v5i1.3611

This study aims to examine the effects of inflation, exchange rate, and import on value added tax (PPN) and sales tax of luxury goods (PPnBM) over the period 2016-2020. This type of research is quantitative using the purposive sampling technique. Based on the predetermined criteria, a sample of external macroeconomic indicators that are subject to PPN and PPnBM is selected in 2016-2020. The results of this study indicated that both inflation and exchange rate had no significant effect on value added tax and sales tax of luxury goods. In contrast, import produced a positive and significant effect on value added tax and sales tax of luxury goods.

Permanent Fixation of Radially Compressed Bamboo in Dry Condition by Heating and Its Mechanism Bambang Subiyanto; Wahyu Dwianto; Takashi Higashihara; Toshiro Morooka; Misato Norimoto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 9, No 1 (2011): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The stress-strain relationship and stress relaxation of oven-dried bamboo in radial compressed by heating were investigated. The effect of heating temperature and time on the weight loss, residual stress and strain recovery were also examined. The results indicated that the apparent of stress-strain curve (SS-curve) of Indonesian bamboo was different with Mousou bamboo and Sugi wood. The apparent SS-curve of Mousou bamboo was same as general SS-curve of wood under heating. The effect of heating temperature on yield stress of oven-dry bamboo had different results with the Sugi wood. The yield stress of bamboo decreased slightly up to heating temperature of 140 °C, then it was significantly decreased with increasing temperature. The decreasing yield stress of bamboo at heating temperature above 140 °C could be due to degradation or decomposition of existing extractive component and hemicelluloses in bamboo by heating. Time to achieve stress relaxation decreased with increasing heating temperature. The stress relaxation of bamboo was attained faster than that of Sugi wood. Tali bamboo had a fastest to attain stress relaxation than others type of bamboo. The residual stress and strain recovery decreased with decreasing weight loss. The most interesting finding was residual stress of Indonesian bamboo (Gombong and Tali bamboos) was attained zero and stress recovery less than 0.2 when the weight loss at about 4%.Key words: bamboo, permanent fixation, stress-strain.

Komponen Kimia Cangkang Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Sifat Beton Ringan Chemical Components of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Shell and Its Effect on Light Concrete Performance Bambang Subiyanto; Hasan Basri; Linda Nurmala Sari; Triastuti Triastuti; Yetvi Rosalita
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 5, No 1 (2007): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Recently, plenty of waste of oil palm shell as a lignocellulosic organic material was obtained due to increasing plantation of oil palm trees. However, utilization of oil palm shell still not optimally done and it has low economic value. In some countries, the lignocellulosic waste becomes a problem because it pollutes the environment. Many researches showed that oil palm waste can be used in several necessity products, such as, oil palm shell for active charcoal, stem and empty bunch for paper pulp, stem oil palm for furniture and particleboard. One of utilization of oil palm shell is as raw material for light weight concrete to replace sand; however, the mechanical properties were lower than standard.The purpose of this paper is to analyze chemical component of oil palm shell which affected the low mechanical properties of concrete made from oil palm shell. In this experiment, the oil palm shell, cement and sand were used as raw materials, then chemicals component of shell were analyzed from the shell that take from concrete made of oil palm shell. The percentage of shell to sand for making concrete was varied of 0%, 50%, and 100%. Then the shell was separated from the concrete, and chemical components were analyzed such as water content, ethanol benzene extraction with ratio 1 : 2, the solubility in hot water and cold water, lignin content, holocellulose content, and the strength of concrete. All of the testing was performed in 7 days and 28 days with two treatments to concrete (soaking in water at room temperature and keep in wet condition).The result of the experiments showed that the maximum composition of oil palm shell which used as filler of concrete is 50%; it gives impact strength nearly the same as concrete of control. The chemical component of extractive substance (fat) gives some influence to the compression strength of concrete

Pengembangan Papan Komposit dari Limbah Perkebunan Sagu (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) (Development of Composite Board made from Sago (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) Plantation Waste) Sukma S Kusuma; Ruslan Ruslan; Muhammad Daud; Ika Wahyuni; Teguh Darmawan; Yusup Amin; Muh. Y Massijaya; Bambang Subiyanto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 8, No 2 (2010): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Plantation waste has gained increasing attention as an alternative raw material for use in the manufacture of composite boards, i.e. waste of sago plantation. Medium density composite boards were made from zephyr of sago midrib to evaluate the effects of resin and adhesive content levels. The boards were fabricated using polyurethane (PU) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin with three levels of adhesive content i.e. 10%, 12%, and 14%. Physical (moisture content, density, water absorption, and thickness swelling) and mechanical (Modulus of Rupture, Modulus of Elastisity, Screw Holding, and Internal Bonding) properties of composite board were evaluated according to JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Research result showed that properties of composite board made from sago frond with 14% content level of polyurethane adhesive better than other composite board. Based on composite board properties, the board was suitable as building raw material and furniture i.e. partition, cupboard, table, and roof.

Sifat Fisis Mekanis Papan Partikel dari Serat Sisal atau Serat Abaka setelah Perlakuan Uap Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particleboard Made from Steamed Treated Sisal or Abaca Fibers Firda A Syamani; Kurnia W Prasetyo; Ismail Budiman; Subyakto Subyakto; Bambang Subiyanto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 6, No 2 (2008): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Composites made from natural fibers have several weakness, particularly on thickness swelling, due to fiber dimensional changes during swelling of fiber cell wall or changing of lumen dimension by moisture uptaken. Steam treatment on fiber had been expected could reduced fiber water absorbancy by plasticized matrix of fiber cell walls. Fiber of Sisal and Abaca was chopped into 0.5 ~ 2.0 cm of length. Steam treament was conducted in autoclave for 30 minutes on 1.15 atm of pressure and 121ºC of temperature. Chopped fiber was dried in 60ºC oven to obtain 4% of moisture content. Dried fiber was mixed with 10% urea formaldehyde (UF) resin or 8% and 10% melamine urea formaldehyde (MF) resin (based on weight of fiber oven-dried). Glued fiber was formed into 25cm x 25cm x 0.8cm mat, then hot pressed at 20 kgf/cm2 pressure for 10 minutes. Target density was 0.7 g/cm3. Composites conditioning was conducted at room temperature for moisture equilibrium to the enviroment. Physical dan mechanical characteristics testing was carried out based on JIS A 5908 for particle board. Steam treatment could improved physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from sisal fiber using 8% MF.

Co-Authors Anita Firmanti Arni Karina Dede Heri Yuli YANTO Dewandaru Agung Pramita Dinda Tri Novianty Divian Dwi Febriyani Effendy Husin Entang Rasyid Euis Hermiati Firda A Syamani Fitria . Hasan Basri Ika WAHYUNI Ismadi . Ismail Budiman Kumba Digdowiseiso Kurnia W Prasetyo Kurnia Wiji Prasetyo Linda Nurmala Sari Misato Norimoto Mohamad Gopar Mohamad Gopar Mohamad Gopar Muh. Y Massijaya Muhammad Daud Nabila Prillia Tasya Nada Virgita Nadya Putri Alvionita Nanang Masruchin Raskita Saragih Renaldi Arindi Putra Ria Ria Rizkika Ariestantya Sujana Ruslan Ruslan Sasa Sofyan Munawar Shuichi Kawai Subyakto . SUBYAKTO SUBYAKTO Sudijono Sudijono Sukma S Kusuma Takashi Higashihara Teguh DARMAWAN Tiara Pradani Toshiro Morooka Triastuti Triastuti Wahyu DWIANTO Yetvi Rosalita Yoshinori Kobayashi Yoyo Suhaya Yoyo Suhaya Yusup AMIN

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