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Morfometrik Usus dan Performa Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Cekaman Panas dan Ekstrak n-Heksana Kulit Batang “Jaloh" (Salix tetrasperma Roxb) . Sugito; W Manalu; D A Astuti; . Chairul
Media Peternakan Vol. 30 No. 3 (2007): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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The n-hexane fraction of “jaloh" extract could reduce detrimental effects of heat stress on broiler chicken. An experiment was conducted to study morphometric of small intestine villi (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and performances of broiler exposed to heat stress on 33±1oC for 4 hours/day and given extract n-hexane of “jaloh" bark (EHJ) with doses 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg body weight (BW). Thirty broilers aged 20 days (Cobb strain) were randomly divided into 5 groups of treatments. The first treatment group was external control namely chickens without heat stress and without EHJ administration (tCP). The second group of treatment was internal control representing chickens exposed to heat stress without EHJ administration (CP). The third, fourth, and fifth treatment groups consisted of chickens exposed to heat stress and given 5 (CP+EHJ5), 10 (CP+EHJ10), and 20 mg/kg BW of EHJ (CP+EHJ20), respectively. Heat stress and “jaloh" extract were implemented every day. “Jaloh" extracts were given 1 hour before temperature in the cage was raised. Results showed that heat stress decreased weight gain and height of jejunum villi, and increased feed conversion ratio. The dose of 10 mg/kg BW of EHJ can improve performance of broiler chickens and morphometric of small intestine villi. Key words: heat stress, Salix tetrasperma, performance, broiler

Performa dan Profil Beberapa Komponen Darah Sapi Peranakan Ongole yang Diberi Pakan Mengandung Lerak (Sapindus rarak De Candole) D A Astuti; E Wina; B Haryanto; S Suharti
Media Peternakan Vol. 32 No. 1 (2009): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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The problem with low meat production is caused by several factors, ie: management, feed and animal health. The development of integration system such as cattle-rice, cattle-corn and cattle-palm oil aims to utilize feed from local resources. However, sometimes local feedstuff causes a problem of imbalance nutrient. There are several strategies to overcome this problem and one of them is the use of feed additives from natural substance or plant resources such as lerak (Sapindus rarak De Candole). This research was aimed to utilize lerak fruit to improve performance and evaluate some blood profiles of Ongole crossbred cattle. The in vivo work was done using 12 Ongole crossbred cattle receiving 3 different feeds as treatment, i.e. 1) feed without lerak (high roughage diet) as control, 2) feed contained 2,5% lerak, and 3) feed contained 5% lerak. Growth, daily gain, blood profiles (leucocytes, cholesterol, trigliceride and globulins) were observed. The results showed no significant differences for nutrient intake, meaning that the ration has good palatability. Average daily gain of cattle fed with 2,5% lerak was 20% higher than those with control diet. White blood cells tended to decrease caused by lerak treatments, but the globulin profiles (alpha, beta and gamma) were not significantly affected in all treatments. Blood cholesterol concentration decreased following the increase of lerak percentage. It is not recommended to use lerak in the cattle ration for more than two months because of the decreasing of leucocytes. Key words: Sapindus rarak, in vivo, leucocytes, globulins, palatability

Microbial Population and Fermentation Characteristic in Response to Sapindus rarak Mineral Block Supplementation S Suharti; A Kurniawati; D A Astuti; E Wina
Media Peternakan Vol. 33 No. 3 (2010): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation with lerak extract combined with mineral block on protozoal and bacterial population, and fermentation characteristic in vitro. The experimental design was completely randomized block design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. Control diet was a substrate that consisted of concentrate, forage and feed block with ratio 50 : 48 : 2, respectively. The treatments as a substrate were: control diet (C), C + 0.09% lerak extract, and C + 0.18% lerak extract from the total ration. Variables observed were protozoal and bacterial population, dry matter and organic matter degradability, N-NH3 and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result showed that there were no significant effect (P>0.05) for all parameter measured with lerak extract supplementation up to 0.18% in the presence of mineral block. However, supplementation of lerak extract 0.18% only slightly reduced protozoal numbers but tended to increase bacterial numbers. Dry matter and organic matter degradability and concentration of N-NH3 were similar among treatments. Volatile fatty acids profile changed which propionate tended to increase and acetate tended to decrease and ratio of acetate to propionate tended to decrease. In conclusion, addition of lerak extract up to 0.18% from total ration in the presence of mineral block was not yet effective to depress protozoal population, but could modify fermentation characteristic in vitro.

Rumen Fermentation, Blood Metabolites, and Performance of Sheep Fed Tropical Browse Plants D A Astuti; A S Baba; I WT Wibawan
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The in vitro study was designed to evaluate total gas production, dry matter degradability (DMD), and VFA profile; while in vivo study was designed to evaluate nutrient intakes, blood metabolites, and performance of sheep fed native grass mixed with Calliandra calothyrrus (CC), Leucaena leucochepala (LL), Moringa oleifera (MO), Gliricidea sepium (GS), and Artocarpus heterophyllus (AH). The best three from the in vitro results were used to formulate diets in in vivo study. Sixteen male growing sheep (average BW 20 kg) were fed 100% native grass (NG) as control; 70% NG + 30% GS; 70% NG + 30% MO; and 70% NG + 30% AH. Nutrient consumptions, DMD, blood metabolites, and sheep performances were analyzed by using Completely Randomized Design. The in vitro results showed that the total gas production and DMD of CC and LL were the lowest (P<0.05) while the highest was found in GS, MO, and AH treatments (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the in vivo results showed that nutrient intakes (DM, CP, and CF) of GS and AH rations were the highest. The ADG, concentration of albumin, and globulin in all treatments were similar, while total serum protein, triglycerides, and glucose concentration in MO and AH rations were higher than others. Serum cholesterol concentration in MO ration was the lowest, meanwhile the concentration of IgG was the highest (P<0.05). Supplementation of 30% MO was the best choice for optimum rumen fermentation and maintaining health status of local sheep.

The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Enhancing Productivity, Nutritional Quality, and Drought Tolerance Mechanism of Stylosanthes seabrana P D.M.H Karti; D A Astuti; S Nofyangtri
Media Peternakan Vol. 35 No. 1 (2012): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) is a symbiotic association between plant roots and fungi. Their major role is to enhance nutrient and water uptake by the host plants. The objective of this research was to study the role of AMF in enhancing productivity, nutritional quality and tolerance mechanism of Stylosanthes seabrana in drought conditions. This research used a completely randomized design with four treatments: A0 (without AMF), A1 (without AMF in drought), A2 (with AMF), and A3 (with AMF in drought) in S. seabrana. Parameters observed were the soil moisture content, water potential of shoot, relative water content of leaf (RWC), root length, shoot and root dry weight, proline, soluble sugars, crude protein, gas production, and digestibility of organic matter. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the differences between treatments were analyzed with Duncan Multiple Range test. Results showed that inoculation of AMF could enhance leaf water potential, shoot and root dry weight, crude protein, gas production, digestibility of organic matter, but decreased proline and soluble sugars significantly (PS. seabrana seems likely through accumulating organicosmolytes such as prolines and soluble sugars.

Production, Competition Indices, and Nutritive Values of Setaria splendida, Centrosema pubescens, and Clitoria ternatea in Mixed Cropping Systems in Peatland A Ali; L Abdullah; P D.M.H Karti; M A Chozin; D A Astuti
Media Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 3 (2013): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

This research was conducted to evaluate production, different competition indices and nutritive value of Setaria splendida, Centrosema pubescens, and Clitoria ternatea in monoculture and mix cropping system on peat soil land. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replications. The five treatments were: S. splendida sole cropping (SS), C. pubescens sole cropping (CP), C. ternatea sole cropping (CT), S. splendida and C. pubescens mix cropping (SS/CP) and S. splendida/C. ternatea mix cropping (SS/CT). The DM yield of S. splendida in mixed cropping with C. pubescens increased 43.4% and in mix cropping with C. ternatea increased 15.7% compared to sole S. splendida. The value of land equivalent ratio of SS/CP (LERSS/CP) was >1. The LERSS/CT value was <1. The crowding coefficient value of S. splendida (KSS) was higher than KCP and KCT. The total value of KSS/CP and KSS/CT were >1. The competition ratio (CR) values of S. splendida in both mix cropping were >1. The agressivity (A) values of S. splendida in both mix cropping were positive. The crude protein, NDF and ADF content of forage were not affected by mix cropping system. In conclusion, mix cropping in peatland do not affect productivity and nutritive value of S. splendida, C. pubescens, and C. ternatea. S. splendida is more effective in exploiting environmental resources when intercropped with C. pubescens compared to C. ternatea on peatland.

Rumen Fermentation and Milk Quality of Dairy Cows Fed Complete Feed Silages K Komalasari; D A Astuti; Y Widyastuti; R Ridwan
Media Peternakan Vol. 37 No. 1 (2014): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

This study was conducted to evaluate the rumen fermentation and milk quality of Friesian Holstein (FH) cows given complete feed silages during lactation. Twelve FH cows in 5th mo lactation were offered four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments were, control diet (NS) containing 50% concentrate, 45% elephant grass and 5% sun flower meal; grass complete feed silage (GS) containing 50% concentrate, 45% elephant grass and 5% sunflower meal; rice straw complete feed silage (RSS) containing 50% concentrate, 30% elephant grass, 15% rice straw and 5% sunflower and palm oil frond complete feed silage (PKS) containing 50% concentrate, 30% elephant grass, 15% palm oil frond, and 5% sunflower meal. Ensilage was done with addition of Lactobacillus plantarum 1A-2 and cellulase enzyme. Analysis of variance and Duncan test were applied to compare the different among the means of treatments. Complete feed silages had range of pH between 3.89-4.44, temperature of 28.0-29.67 oC and lactic acid bacteria of 0.54-1.50 x 108 cfu/g. Crude protein intake of RSS was the highest among treatments. Acetate concentration in rumen liquor was more than 70%. Milk yield and protein were not different among treatments. GS gave the highest milk fat (5.66%). The conclusion was that both complete feed silages, using rice straw or palm oil frond can be used as alternative rations for lactating dairy cows. Key words: complete feed, silage, Friesian Holstein, palm oil frond, rice straw

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