Senator Nur Bahagia
Department of Industrial Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung

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INTEGRASI KEBIJAKAN PERSEDIAAN-TRANSPORTASI (PENGIRIMAN LANGSUNG DAN BERBAGI) DI SISTEM RANTAI PASOK 4-ESELON Santoso, Amelia; Bahagia, Senator Nur; Suprayogi, Suprayogi; Sasongko, Dwiwahju
Jurnal Teknik Industri Vol 11, No 1 (2009): JUNE 2009
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (251.806 KB) | DOI: 10.9744/jti.11.1.pp. 15-32

Abstract

Coordination among manufacturers, distributors and retailers is a key of success in supply chain management. Moreover, coordination is also needed in distributing product (managing inventory and transportation) from an echelon to its successive echelons. The transportation policy and inventory policy affect each others so the inventory and transportation policy should be integrated. This paper develops model of integrated inventory-transportation policies in 4-echelons supply chain systems that consist of a manufacturer, a distribution center, distributors and retailers. This model considers continuous production process as well as time-dependent demand. We consider direct and sharing shipping at distributor when we only consider direct shipping at manufacturer and distribution center. The production policy at the manufacturer, replenishment policies at the distribution center, distributors and retailers, and transportation policies at the manufacturer, distribution center and distributors will be determined in order to minimize system cost. The system cost consists of total costs at the manufacturer, distribution centers, distributors and retailers. Due to the model is classified as NP-hard model, the model is solved using genetic algorithm. From the result of genetic algorithm, the total system cost if the distributors who use sharing shipping as well as direct shipping, is lower stasitiscally than the distributors who only use direct shipping for delivering produk to their retailers. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia: Koordinasi antar pabrik, distributor dan pengecer merupakan kunci keberhasilan dalam sistem rantai pasok. Koordinasi diperlukan saat pendistribusian produk (pengaturan persediaan dan transportasi) dari satu eselon ke eselon di bawahnya. Kebijakan transportasi mempengaruhi kebijakan persediaan dan sebaliknya oleh karena itu kedua kebijakan tersebut seharusnya ditetapkan secara terintegrasi. Paper ini mengembangkan model integrasi kebijakan persediaan-transportasi di sistem rantai pasok 4-eselon yang terdiri dari sebuah pabrik dengan proses produksi kontinu, sebuah gudang penyangga, multi distributor dan multi pengecer. Model ini mempertimbangkan permintaan yang bergantung pada waktu, pengiriman langsung di pabrik dan gudang penyangga serta pengiriman langsung dan berbagi di distributor. Paper ini menetapkan kebijakan produksi di pabrik, kebijakan pemesanan di gudang penyangga, distributor dan pengecer serta kebijakan transportasi di pabrik, gudang penyangga dan distributor untuk meminimumkan ongkos sistem. Ongkos sistem terdiri atas ongkos total di pabrik, gudang penyangga, distributor dan pengecer. Model yang dikembangkan termasuk dalam kategori NP-hard sehingga dikembangkan metode solusi yang berbasis pada algoritma genetika. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari hasil algoritma genetika menyatakan bahwa ongkos total sistem lebih kecil secara statistik jika pengiriman langsung dan berbagi dipergunakan di distributor dibandingkan hanya menggunakan pengiriman langsung. Kata kunci: integrasi, kebijakan persediaan, kebijakan transportasi, multi eselon
Genetic Algorithm for Solving Location Problem in a Supply Chain Network with Inbound and Outbound Product Flows Suprayogi, Suprayogi; Bahagia, Senator Nur; Thaddeus, Yudi
Jurnal Teknik Industri Vol 18, No 2 (2016): DECEMBER 2016
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (583.942 KB) | DOI: 10.9744/jti.18.2.129-136

Abstract

This paper considers a location problem in a supply chain network. The problem addressed in this paper is motivated by an initiative to develop an efficient supply chain network for supporting the agricultural activities. The supply chain network consists of regions, warehouses, distribution centers, plants, and markets. The products include a set of inbound products and a set of outbound products. In this paper, definitions of the inbound and outbound products are seen from the region’s point of view.  The inbound product is the product demanded by regions and produced by plants which flows on a sequence of the following entities: plants, distribution centers, warehouses, and regions. The outbound product is the product demanded by markets and produced by regions and it flows on a sequence of the following entities: regions, warehouses, and markets. The problem deals with determining locations of the warehouses and the distribution centers to be opened and shipment quantities associated with all links on the network that minimizes the total cost. The problem can be considered as a strategic supply chain network problem. A solution approach based on genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed. The proposed GA is examined using hypothetical instances and its results are compared to the solution obtained by solving the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. The comparison shows that there is a small gap (0.23%, on average) between the proposed GA and MILP model in terms of the total cost. The proposed GA consistently provides solutions with least total cost. In terms of total cost, based on the experiment, it is demonstrated that coefficients of variation are closed to 0.
Modeling the Competitiveness of Indonesian Palm Oil Industry: A Conceptual Model Using Hierarchical Multi-Level System Approach Silitonga, Roland Y.H.; Bahagia, Senator Nur; Simatupang, Tota; Siswanto, Joko
Jurnal Teknik Industri Vol 15, No 2 (2013): DECEMBER 2013
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (650.224 KB) | DOI: 10.9744/jti.15.2.103-110

Abstract

Indonesian Palm Oil Industry has the largest market share in the world, but still faces problems in order to strengthen the level of competitiveness. Those problems are in the industry chains, government regulation and policy as meso environment, and macro economic condition. Therefore these three elements should be considered when analyzing the improvement of competitiveness. Here, the governmental element is hoped to create a conducive environment. This paper presents the industry competitiveness conceptual model, using hierarchical multilevel system approach. The Hierarchical multilevel system approach is used to accommodate the complexity of the industrial relation and the government position as the meso environment. The step to develop the model firstly is to define the relevant system. Secondly, is to formulate the output of the model that is competitiveness in the form of indicator. Then, the relevant system with competitiveness as the output is built into a conceptual model using hierarchical multilevel system. The conceptual model is then discussed to see if it can explain the relevant system, and the potential of it to be developed into mathematical model.
Dampak Paket Kebijakan Otomotif 1999 terhadap Daya Saing Produk C Bahagia, Senator Nur; Priyanto, Bayu
Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi Vol 1, Juni 2002
Publisher : SBM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3372.78 KB)

Abstract

Selama hampir tiga dasa warsa industry otomotif nasional telah tumbuh dan berkembang sehingga mencapai kandungan hampir mencapai 45% untuk kendaraan niaga dan kurang dari 40% untuk kendaraan penumpang pribadi. Perubahan besar telah terjadi dengan adanya krisis ekonomi yang dimulai pada tahun 1997, ditambah lagi dengan kekalahan Indonesia di panel WTO mengenai MOBNAS mengakibatkan berbagai konsekuensi, diantaranya adalah diputuskannya oleh WTO bahwa kebijakan lokalisasi komponen otomotif dengan system insentif tidak boleh diteruskan, regulasi perpajakan dibidang otomotif nasional harus diganti dengan yang adil. Untuk itulah muncul Paket Kebijakan Industri Otomotif 1999. Yang menjadi permasalahan yang akan dikaji adalah bagaimana dampak regulasi 1999 terhadap produk otomotif nasional dan apakah produk nasional khususnya produk “C” masih bisa bertahan dalam persaingan setelah regulasi 1999 tersebut berlaku? Untuk mengkaji masalah ini pendekatan yang digunakan adalah analisis sistem rantai nilai (Value Chain System). Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa regulasi tidak menimbulkan dampak yang berarti bagi penurunan biaya proses perakitan “C” di dalam negeri, tetapi sangat berarti dampaknya bagi produk CBU. Dengan penurunan bea masuknya membuat harga produk CBU di tangan konsumen menjadi jauh lebih rendah dibanding sebelum regulasi, hal ini membuat struktur pasar diperkirakan dapat bergeser ke produk CBU, khususnya untuk produk yang volume permintaan konsumennya rendah. Dampak terhadap persaingan baru pasca regulasi ditentukan oleh citra produk dan Nilai Tukar. Munculnya pesaing baru dalam bentuk CBU diperkirakan akan lebih banyak merebut pangsa pasar dari kelompok produk yang berada di papan bawah dibanding menyedot dari produk yang berada di posisi citra yang jauh lebih tinggi seperti produk 'C'.Katakunci: Otomotif, Deregulasi, Value Chain dan Persaingan