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Evaluasi Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Padi Gogo Haploid Ganda Toleran Naungan dalam Sistem Tumpang sari Priatna Sasmita; Bambang S. Purwoko; S. Sujiprihati; I. Hanarida; I. S. Dewi; M. A. Chozin
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 34 No. 2 (2006): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (59.05 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v34i2.1283

Abstract

Three doubled haploid (DH) upland rice lines obtained from anther culture having good agronomic and shade  tolerant traits were planted in an intercropping with maize. Their  monoculture systems were also included.  Those lines were GI-8, IG-19, and IW-56. Jatiluhur was also treated similar as shade tolerant control cultivar. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of eight intercropping systems, four monoculture systems of rice, and two monoculture systems of maize. The result showed that all of tested DH lines were consistently shade tolerant under intercropping condition. The characteristics was represented by  similar growth and grain yield with  Jatiluhur under  intercroping system. The highest grain yield was 2.49 t/ha resulted by GI-8 and IG-19 lines  at the time that Jatiluhur was 2.36 t/ha. The intercropping of DH lines with  maize also showed the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) =1.33-1.58, while Jatiluhur LER = 1.25-1.28, indicating that agronomically they were more advantageous than those in the monoculture system.   Key words :  Doubled haploid,, intercropping system, shade tolerant lines
Kandungan Beberapa Zat Endogen pada Buah Retensi dan Buah akan Rontok pada Mangga Sakhidin Sakhidin; Bambang S. Purwoko; Sudirman Yahya; R. Poerwanto; Slamet Susanto; A. S. Abidin
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 34 No. 2 (2006): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (45.843 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v34i2.1287

Abstract

The aim of this research was to study the relationship between fruit drop  and contents of auxin, polyamines, ACC, total sugar, and starch. Cultivars of mango used were Gadung 21 and Lalijiwo.The persisting fruit and abscising fruits were used to quantify auxin, polyamine, ACC, total sugar, and starch.  The content of polyamine and ACC was determined on pericarp, auxin on seed, whereas the content of starch and total sugar was determined on mesocarp. The result of research showed that fruit drop was preceded by low content of auxin that increased the sensitivity of abscission zone to ethylene.  The increased sensitivity of abscission zone to ethylene was supported by low content of polyamine and  high content of ACC. The abscising fruit has high content of starch, but low in  total sugar content.   Key words : Mango, persisting fruit, abscising fruit, auxin, polyamine, ACC, total sugar, starch
Penapisan Galur Haploid Ganda Padi Gogo Hasil Kultur Antera untuk Toleransi terhadap Cekaman Aluminium , Bakhtiar; Bambang S. Purwoko; , Trikoesoemaningtyas; M. A. Chozin
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 35 No. 1 (2007): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (56.459 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v35i1.1304

Abstract

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the most important yield-limiting factors for upland rice grown on acid soils. Since many small farmers may have difficulty in soil liming, the genotypes tolerant to soil acidity and aluminum toxicity should be developed. Anther culture can substantially speed up new variety development through recombination of parental characters in early generations and immediately homozygous lines were upon chromosome doubling. The Doubled haploid (DH) rice lines were screened under both nutrient solution containing either 0 or 45 ppm Al and acid soils containing either low or high-Al saturation. The relative root length (RRL) was determined at 14-day-old stage to characterize genotypes for Al-tolerance in nutrient solution. The relative grain weight (RGW) was determined to characterize genotypes for Al-tolerance in soils conditions. The results of this study indicated that Al reduced root elongation. The differential tolerance for Al among genotypes was found to be highly significant for RRL. Of the 120 genotypes tested, 16, 77 and 27 genotypes were found to be Al-tolerance, moderate and sensitive in term of RRL respectively. KRGM4, JTGR13, JTGR17, JTGR18, JTKR1, JTKR5, GRGM4, GRGM6, GRGM9, GRGM14, GRGM25, GRJT11 and SGJT27 lines were consitently Al-tolerance under both nutrient solution and acid soils. The RRL of doubled haploid upland rice lines in nutrient solutions were strongly correlated with RGW in acid soils.   Key words: Rice, doubled haploid, aluminum tolerance, relative root length, relative grain weight
Regenerasi Tanaman pada Kultur Antera Padi: Pengaruh Persilangan dan Aplikasi Putresin Iswari S. Dewi; Bambang S. Purwoko; Hajrial Aswidinnoor; Ida H. Somantri
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 35 No. 2 (2007): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (67.406 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v35i2.1313

Abstract

The efficient use of anther culture in crop improvement depends on the success of plant regeneration techniques and the recovery of sufficient number of either green haploid plants that may be artificially or spontaneously doubled yielding homozygous diploid pure lines in first generation.  Putrescine, one of growth regulator polyamines, was known as essential factor in embryogenesis on various plant tissues.  The objective of this research was to study the effect of crosses and putrescine application on certain stages of culture most efficient in increasing green plant regeneration.  The experiment was arranged factorially. The first factor was reciprocal crosses of Taipei 309 to Asemandi and Asemandi to Taipei 309.  The second factor was application of putrescine consisted of control (M0: N6 induction medium and MS regeneration medium); M1: N6 induction medium,  MS regeneration medium + 10-3 M putrescine;  M2: N6 induction medium + 10-3 M putrescine, MS regeneration medium;  and M3: N6 induction medium + 10-3 M putrescine, MS regeneration medium + 10-3 M putrescine.  The results indicated that the addition of 10-3 M putrescine into callus induction and plant regeneration media was the best in increasing number and percentage of responding anther, callus formation, responding calli, green plants and number of total plants.  Rice anther culture efficiency, which was indicated by ratio of green plant to responding calli and percentage of green plant to number of anther innoculated, was also increased by the addition of 10-3 M putrescine. At that best treatment maternal effect showed in number of calli producing green plantlets, number of green plantlets, and percentage of green plant to number of anther innoculated. F1 from Taipei309/Asemandi was better  than F1 from Asemandi/Taipei30.   Key words :  Rice, anther culture, putrescine, green plant, reciprocal crosses
Pertumbuhan, Serapan Hara dan Kualitas Turfgrass pada Beberapa Dosis Pemberian Pupuk Hayati Mikoriza Dwi Guntoro; Bambang S. Purwoko
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 35 No. 2 (2007): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (40.528 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v35i2.1323

Abstract

The objective of the research was to study the effect of mycorrhiza dosage on nutrient uptake, growth and turfgrass quality.  The research was conducted at IPB turfgrass experimental farm, Darmaga, Bogor.  The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications.  The treatment consisted of five dosages of mycorrhiza (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 g per pot).  The result showed that application of mycorrhiza at 300 g per pot increased coverage area and dry weight of clipping, and decreased vertical height, but it did not significantly increase nutrient uptake and quality of turfgrass compared to control.   Key words :  Mycorrhiza, turfgrass, growth, nutrient uptake, quality
Evaluasi Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Beberapa Genotipe Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) untuk Toleransi terhadap Cekaman Aluminium D. Wasgito Purnomo; Bambang S. Purwoko; Sudirman Yahya; Sriani Sujiprihati; Irdika Mansur
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 35 No. 3 (2007): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (57.048 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v35i3.1329

Abstract

The aim of this research was to evaluate growth and yield in response to aluminum (Al) stress in several genotypes of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.).  The research was  conducted in University Farm of IPB, Cikabayan, Bogor from February to August 2006.  Ultisol soils from Gajrug (Lebak, Banten) in polybag with pH 4.2, Al-dd 30.08 me/ 100 g and Al-saturated 83.81% was used in this experiment.  Eight genotypes of chilli (4 tolerant and 4sensitive) were tested on two different conditions, in media without Al-stress condition (Al-saturated 0.77%) and wich Al-stress (Al-saturated 60.85%).  Characters observed were plant height, shoot dry-weight, total number of fruits per plant, number of fruit harvested per plant, fruit dimension (length and diameter), fruit weight harvested per plant, and weight of each fruit.  The results showed that there were differences of response to Al-stress among genotypes on the study.  PBC 619 and Jatilaba were selected as tolerant genotypes, while Cilibangi 3 and Helm were sensitive.  This evaluation of agronomic characters for tolerant and sensitive to Al-stress appeared very consistent with root bioassay results.  Based on this result, the root bioassay method can be used to select chili genotypes for Al-stress tolerance.   Key words:  Growth and yield evaluation,  aluminum stress, Capsicum annuum, ultisol soil.
Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) pada Berbagai Kedalaman dan Posisi Tanam Benih Bambang B. Santoso; Bambang S. Purwoko
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 36 No. 1 (2008): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (350.905 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v36i1.1357

Abstract

Germination and growth at seedling stage are critical phases in plant life cycle, especially for physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) usually grown in a dry land. Therefore seedling preparation plays an important role in nursery stock production. Position and depth of seed sowing affected the germination process and further seedling growth and development. A Completely Randomized Design with two factors was used in the experiment, i.e., depth of seed sowing (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 cm) and seed position (seed with micropyle at the bottom, face-down, and layback). The result showed that position and depth of seed sowing affected the germination and early growth and development of seedling. The effect of seed position on growth and development of seedling persisted until the end of the experiment when the seedlings were two months old. Face-down position with 2 - 3 cm depth represented the best position and depth for seedling growth.   Key words:  Early seedling growth, micropyle, face-down position, layback position
Pengaruh Alelopati Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) terhadap Perkecambahan Benih Jagung, Tomat dan Padi Gogo Ince Raden; Bambang S. Purwoko; Edi Santosa; , Hariyadi; Munif Ghulamahdi
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 36 No. 1 (2008): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (51.651 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v36i1.1358

Abstract

  The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of extract of leaves, seed and root of physic nut on the germination of corn, tomato, and upland rice. Research was conducted by using Complete Randomized Block Design with two factors, i.e., plant organ (leaves, seed and root) and species (corn, tomato and upland rice). The results showed that extract of 36 g dried organ/200 ml water (0.18 g/ml water) affected seed germination of corn, tomato, and upland rice. Extract of leaves tended to reduce percentage of corn seed germination (55.30% vs 70.68%), and extract of root to reduce germination of tomato and upland rice, 52.70% and 68.67%, compared to control 76% and 84%, respectively.   Key words:  Plant organ extract, physic nut, germination  
Pembentukan Galur Haploid Ganda Padi Gogo dengan Sifat-Sifat Tipe Baru melalui Kultur Antera Reny Herawati; Bambang S. Purwoko; Nurul Khumaida; Iswari S. Dewi; Buang Abdullah
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 36 No. 3 (2008): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (306.735 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v36i3.1375

Abstract

The breeding of upland rice with New Plant Type characters in relatively short time can be done by using anther culture technique. The technique has been recognized as a rapid and efficient technology for crop improvement. Plant materials used in this research were F1 crossing P1 (Fatmawati x Way Rarem), P2 (Fatmawati x SGJT-28),  P3 (Fatmawati x SGJT-36), P4  (Way Rarem x Fatmawati), P5 (SGJT-28 x Fatmawati), and P6  (SGJT-36 x Fatmawati). Media for calli induction (N6) and regeneration (MS) were according to Dewi methods (2003). The results of this study indicated that P3 (Fatmawati x SGJT-36) and P6 (SGJT-36 x Fatmawati)  from resiprocal crosses gave better response in anther culture than the others crosses for their calli induction and green plant regeneration. From the six F1 crosses, 348 (53.5%) spontaneous doubled haploid (DH) pure lines were obtained, six lines from Farmawati x Way Rarem, 13 lines from Fatmawati x SGJT-28, 187 lines from Fatmawati x SGJT-36, three lines from Way Rarem x Fatmawati, five lines from SGJT-28 x Fatmawati, and 134 lines from SGJT-36 x Fatmawati.  These lines should be evaluated and characterized for their agronomical and morphological  traits.    Key words: Anther culture, doubled haploid, callus induction, green plant regeneration        
Tanggap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) terhadap Inokulasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula pada Tanah Ultisol D. Wasgito Purnomo; Bambang S. Purwoko; Sudirman Yahya; Sriani Sujiprihati; Irdika Mansur; , Amisnaipa
Indonesian Journal of Agronomy Vol. 36 No. 3 (2008): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (87.12 KB) | DOI: 10.24831/jai.v36i3.1381

Abstract

The aim of this research was to test the utilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) to improve adaptation ability of chili to aluminum (Al) stress based on growth and yield response in four genotypes of chili (Capsicum annuum L.).  The research was carried out at University Farm of IPB in Cikabayan from September 2006 to Maret 2007.  The media was Ultisol from Gajrug (Lebak, Banten) in polybag.  Four genotypes of chili, PBC 619 and Jatilaba (Al tolerant genotypes), and Cilibangi 3 and Helm (Al sensitive genotypes) were treated with and without inoculation of Gigaspora margarita, and planted further in media without Al stress (Al saturation 0.77%) and Al stress (Al saturation 60.85%).  Variables observed were degree of AMF infection, root length, plant height, shoot dry weight, number of harvested fruits, fruit length, fruit weight and weight of harvested fruits.  The results showed that inoculation of G. margarita effectively decreased negative influence of Al stress by increasing plant height, shoot dry weight, number of harvested fruit, fruit length, weight per fruit and weight of harvested fruits.  Inoculation of G. margarita to Al sensitive genotypes was more advantageous than to tolerant genotypes.  The Al sensitive genotypes were adapted to Al stress if they were inoculated with G. margarita.  In Al stress condition, inoculation of G. margarita to Al sensitive genotypes increased weight of harvested fruits up to 94.49% in Cilibangi 3 and 80.37% in Helm.   Key words: Adaptation, aluminum stress, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Capsicum annuum L., Ultisol