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All Journal MEDIA PETERNAKAN - Journal of Animal Science and Technology Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner
T Toharmat
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Veterinary

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Penggunaan Kromium Organik dari Beberapa Jenis Fungi terhadap Aktivitas Fermentasi Rumen Secara in Vitro W D Astuti; T Sutardi; D Evvyernie; T Toharmat
Media Peternakan Vol. 29 No. 3 (2006): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

Chromium appears to be an essential trace element since 1959, but its effect on ruminal microbes is not clear yet. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic chromium supplementation on rumen fermentation activity. An in vitro technique was held using randomized block design with 13 treatments and 3 replications. There were four kinds of organic Cr used, produced with four different species of fungi as carriers. Fungi used as carriers were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizophus oryzae and "ragi tape". The result indicated that the optimum organic Cr supplementation was 1 mg organic Cr/kg dry matter. Supplementation of 1 mg organic Cr/kg dry matter increased dry matter and organic matter digestibilities. It also tended to increase NH3 and total VFA production. Propionate production increased, which decreased methane production and increased hexose conversion efficiency in several treatments. Each fungus used as carrier of organic Cr resulted in different effects on rumen fermentation activity, but the effects was within a normal range. It was concluded that either Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizophus oryzae or "ragi tape" could be used as carrier in organic Cr production. Key words : organic Cr, ruminal microbes, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizophus oryzae, "ragi tape"
Sifat Fisik Pakan Kaya Serat dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Konsumsi T Toharmat; E Nursasih; R Nazilah; N Hotimah; T Q Noerzihad; N A Sigit; Y Retnani
Media Peternakan Vol. 29 No. 3 (2006): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

Fibrous feeds vary in their physical properties. The experiment aimed to clarify the effect of physical properties of fibrous component in rations on feed intake and nutrient digestibility in goats. Rations were composed of 50% fibrous feed and 50% concentrate. The fibrous feed as treatments were as follows: napier grass (RG), rice straw (JP), cocoa pod (KC), mixed rice straw and coffee husk (JK), mixed napier grass, rice straw, coffee husk, and cocoa pod (CP). Rations were offered to four groups of 20 Etawah-grade goats weighing of 13.50±2.14 kg in a randomized block design. Physical properties of the fibrous components of ration and faeces, nutrients intake and digestibility and daily life weight gain were evaluated. Analysis of variance and correlation were applied to analyze data. Dry matter intake varied from 298-440 g/day. Goats offered KC ration had the highest intake. Low feed intake was associated with the low density of the fibrous component. Dietary fat digestibility decreased when the fibrous feed component had low capacity of oil adsorption. Young goats had life weight gain of 50-136 g/day, TDN requirement for maintenance and 50 g daily gain of 63.4 g and 131 g TDN, respectively. The results indicated that physical properties of fibrous component in the rations influenced dry matter intake and nutrients digestibility in growing goats. Key words : physical properties, intake, nutrient, digestibility, goat
Inkorporasi Kromium pada Khamir dan Kapang dengan Substrat Dasar Singkong yang Diberi Kromium Anorganik W D Astuti; T Sutardi; D Evvyernie; T Toharmat
Media Peternakan Vol. 29 No. 2 (2006): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

Organic-chromium (Cr) has higher availability for animals than inorganic-Cr sources. One of organic-Cr sources known is fungi contained high Cr. This organic-Cr was incorporated to fungi protein. Information about the best fungi or microorganisms used in organic-Cr production is still limited. The objective of this experiment was to study organic-Cr production using different kinds of fungi as Cr carrier. Organic-Cr production was conducted in a 4x3 factorial completely randomized experimental design with 3 replications. Four fungi used as carriers in organic-Cr production as the first factor were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus oryzae and "ragi tape". The second factor was levels of Cr addition (500, 1000, 1500 mg/kg). Addition of 1000 mg Cr/kg substrate gave the highest Cr incorporation to fungi protein (484 mg/kg) and Cr incorporation efficiency (21.1%). The best fungi used as carrier in organic-Cr production was Rhizopus oryzae which gave the highest Cr incorporation (488 mg/kg) and incorporation efficiency (24.7%). Key words: organic-Cr, production, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhyzopus oryzae, "ragi tape"
Produktivitas Kambing Peranakan Etawah yang Diberi Ransum Berbasis Jerami Padi Fermentasi C I Novita; A Sudono; I K Sutama; T Toharmat
Media Peternakan Vol. 29 No. 2 (2006): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

Rice straw as one of agriculture by product has low nutritive value. Fermentation of rice straw increased its nutrient digestibility and palatability. Present experiments aimed to study the effect of feeding rations composed of concentrate and ground fermented rice straw supplemented with urea and probiotic. The first trial was conducted to study the apparent digestibility of experimental diets in 18 Etawah-grade bucks with 1-1.5 year age and initial body weight of 30.18 ± 8.38 kg. The second trial was conducted to study the effect of feeding experimental rations on reproduction, milk yield and its quality in 24 Etawah-grade does with 1 to 3 years age and initial weight of 35.75 ± 5.72 kg. The rations were as follows; KJP = concentrate + chopped fermented rice straw; KJG = concentrate + ground fermented rice straw; KRG = concentrate + elephant grass. A completely randomized design was applied in both nutrient digestibility and performance trials. In both trials, the rations were offered twice daily. Does and kids were weighted once in two week. Does were milked manually once a week for 3 months post partum. Milk was sampled for determination of its specific gravity, protein, fat and solid content. Gestation length, litter size, birth weigth and weaned weight were recorded. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) intake, and apparent digestibility of DM did not differ significantly among treatments. However, apparent digestibility of CP in goat offered KJG was lower (P < 0.05) than those of KRG and KJP. DM and CP intake of does was higher (P < 0.05) for the KRG treatment but those were not differ between KJP and KJG treatments. Gestation length, litter size, the body weight of does during pregnancy and lactation, the body weight of kids from birth to weaning, milk yield and quality of milk were not different ammong tretaments. These results suggested that fermented rice straw can be used to substitute the elephant grass. Key words: Goat, straw, fermentation, digestibility, milk, kids
Suplementasi Sabun Mineral dan Mineral Organik serta Kacang Kedelai Sangrai pada Domba . Adawiah; T Sutardi; T Toharmat; W Manalu; . Nahrowi; U H Tanuwiria
Media Peternakan Vol. 29 No. 1 (2006): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of mineral soap, organic mineral and roasted soybean supplementations to improve productivity in ruminant animals. Thirty two Garut Sheep (initial body weight 22.38 ± 3.56 kg) were assigned into a randomized block design with eight treatments. Body weight was used as a block (4 blocks). Eight rations evaluated in this trial were FO: basal diet + fish oil, CO: basal diet + corn oil, CaFO: basal diet + calcium soap of fish oil, CaCO: basal diet + calcium soap of corn oil, ZnFO: basal diet + zinc soap of fish oil, ZnCO: basal diet + zinc soap of corn oil, RS: basal diet + roasted soybeans, MM: basal diet + mineral mix. The experimental diets were fed for 8 weeks. The result of the experiment showed that calcium soap improved animal growth better than did zinc soap. Daily gains of sheep fed FO (99 g/d), CaFO (114 g/d), CaCO (103 g/d), RS (105 g/d), and MM (103 g/d), diets were higher (P < 0.01) than those of sheep fed CO (86 g/d), ZnFO (88 g/d), and ZnCO (53 g/d) diets. Dry matter intake of sheep fed CO (903 g/d), CaCO (947 g/d), RS (933 g/d) diets were higher (P < 0.01) than those fed FO (820 g/d), CaFO (856 g/d), ZnFO (847 g/d), ZnCO (785 g/d), and MM (805 g/d) diets. Dry matter digestibility of CO (70%) and CaFO diet (76%) were higher (P < 0.01) than other diets. Nitrogen retention of sheep fed CaFO (11.8 g/d), RS (12.2 g/d), and MM (13.2 g/d) diets were higher (P < 0.01) than those fed FO (10 g/d), CO (10 g/d), CaCO (9.8 g/d), ZnFO (9.0 g/d), and ZnCO (9.0 g/d) diets. Organic mineral, calcium soap of fish oil, calcium soap of corn oil, and roasted soy bean supplementation increased daily gain up to 105 g/d. It was concluded that calcium soap, organic mineral and roasted soybean improved growth of sheep.Key words : soap, oil, mineral, roasted soy bean, sheep
Strategi Suplementasi Protein Ransum Sapi Potong Berbasis Jerami dan Dedak Padi B.W H.E Prasetiyono; . Suryahadi; T Toharmat; R Syarief
Media Peternakan Vol. 30 No. 3 (2007): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

ice straw and bran are low in protein. This study examined protein supplement (SPN) composed of CASREA (cassava-urea complex) and SOYXYL (protected-protein soybean meal) in rice straw and bran based ration offered to beef cattle. Experiment 1: Casrea1 (no extruded 32% urea and 58% cassava), Casrea2 (extruded 22% urea and 68% cassava), Casrea3 (extruded 27% urea and 63% cassava), and Casrea4 (extruded 32% urea and 58% cassava) were incubated in ruminal fluid. Experiment 2: Protected-protein soybean meal with xylose from Black Liquor’s (BL) of 0, 3, 6, or 9% and extruded at 120, 150, or 180oC, were incubated in ruminal fluid. Experiment 3: The best treatments of experiments 1 and 2 were used as SPN. Sixteen dairy cattle bulls aged 12-15 months were divided into 4 blocks to receive one of the following treatments: R0= rice straw and bran, R1= R0 with SPN A, R2= R0 with SPN B, R3= R0 with SPN C. SPN A, B and C composed of CASREA:SOYXYL in ratio of 20:80, 50:50, and 80:20, respectively. Casrea 2 had the highest microbial protein and post rumen protein digestibility of 29.04 mg and 76.16%, respectively. Protected-protein soybean meal with xylose from BL 3% and extruded at 1500C had the highest microbial protein and post rumen protein digestibility. SPN increased dry matter, organic matter and protein intake and their digestibility, ration efficiency, and daily gain. The highest daily gain (0.85 kg.d-1), ration efficiency (11%), and income over feed cost (Rp 7500 head-1.d-1) were R3. R3 had lower methane energy compare to R0. The result indicated that JDP supplemented with SPN (80% CASREA and 20% SOYXYL) improved ration efficiency and performance of cattle. Key words: rice straw, rice bran, cassava, urea, soybean meal
Status Ca, Mg dan Zn pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah Muda yang Diberi Ransum Bentuk Mash dengan Pakan Sumber Serat Berbeda T Toharmat; N Hotimah; E Nursasih; R Nazilah; T Q Noerzihad; N A Sigit; Y Retnani
Media Peternakan Vol. 30 No. 2 (2007): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

Fibrous agricultural by-products are the component of most rations for ruminant raised intensively. Slow rate and low digestibility of the fibrous feed may limit mineral bioavailability. Present experiment aimed to clarify the influence of fibrous feed component in ration on the status of Ca, Mg and Zn in growing goats. Twenty of female Etawah-grade goats weighing of 13.5±2.14 kg were grouped and allocated into five treatments in a randomized block design. Rations composed of 50% fibrous feed and 50% concentrate. The fibrous feed component as treatments were: RG = napier grass, JP = rice straw, KC = cacao pod, JK = mixed rice straw and coffee husk, and CP = mixed rice straw, napier grass, coffee husk and cacao pod. Rations were offered at 3% of live weight. The result showed that fibrous feed influenced Ca, Mg, and Zn intake, Ca and Mg absorption, and Ca, Mg and Zn plasma of growing goats. Intake, absorption and plasma Ca, Mg, and Zn had positive correlation with dry mater intake. Absorption of Ca and Zn had positive correlations with crude fiber digestibility. Supplementation of Ca, Mg and Zn was necessary when the fibrous feed was included at the level of 50% in the ration of growing goats, but the supplement level varied according to the type of the fibrous feed. Key words: fibrous feed, mineral status, Etawah goat
Efektivitas Asam Asetat dalam Ekstraksi Asam Fitat Pollard I Hernaman; T Toharmat; W Manalu; P I Pudjiono
Media Peternakan Vol. 30 No. 2 (2007): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

Phytate is commonly high in cereals grain. This compound can be extracted with acid solution. The purpose of this study is to extract phytic acid from pollard using acetic acid at the concentration of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5%. Pollard was fractionated using vibrator ball mill to evaluate the distribution of phytic acid in the particle of pollard. One percent of acetic acid was used to extract phytic acid from pollard at ratio of 1:1; 1:1.5; 1:2; and 1:3. The fraction having particle size of 16, 30 and 50 mesh had similar phytic acid content. The results indicated that phytic acid content of these fractions was higher than that of 100 and 400 mesh fractions. Whole pollard had higher phytic acid content than its fractions. Phytic acid in pollard can be extracted by 1% acetic acid solution. Extraction of phytic acid from pollard using 1% acetic acid solution at ratio of 1:3 produced 23.83 g/kg. Key words: extraction, phytic acid, pollard, acetic acid
Respons terhadap Suplementasi Sabun Mineral dan Mineral Organik serta Kacang Kedelai Sangrai pada Indikator Fermentabilitas Ransum dalam Rumen Domba . Adawiah; T Sutardi; T Toharmat; W Manalu; N Ramli; U H Tanuwiria
Media Peternakan Vol. 30 No. 1 (2007): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with mineral soap, organic mineral and roasted soyabean on ration fermentability in the rumen of sheep. Thirty two Garut Sheep (initial weight 22.38 ± 3.56 kg) were assigned into a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments. Body weight was used as blocks (4 blocks). The treatments were FO: basal diet + fish oil, CO: basal diet + corn oil, CaFO: basal diet + calcium soap of fish oil, CaCO: basal diet + calcium soap of corn oil, ZnFO: basal diet + zinc soap of fish oil, ZnCO: basal diet + zinc soap of corn oil, RSB: basal diet + roasted soya bean, MM: basal diet + mineral mix (Zn, Cu, Cr, and Se-organic). The experimental diets were offered for 8 weeks. The results showed that ammonia concentrations of sheep fed CO, CaFO, CaCO, and MM were higher than those of sheep fed FO, ZnFO, ZnCO, RSB diets (9.28 v 6.75 mM). Vollatile fatty acid production was not affected by treatments (110.6 ± 7.69 mM). The levels of amonia and VFA in this experiment were suitable for microbial growth. Rumen bacterial population of sheep fed FO was the lowest (P < 0.05). Rumen protozoa population of sheep fed CO, CaFO, ZnFO, ZnCO, and MM were lower (P < 0.05) than those of sheep fed FO, CaCO, and RSB. It is concluded that supplemention of Ca-soap, organic minerals, and roasted soyabeans to sheep ration increased ration fermentability in the rumen. Ammonia and VFA concentrations were suitable for rumen microbial growth. Fat protection (Ca-soap) did not inhibit bacterial growth in the rumen. Key words: mineral soap, fish oil, corn oil, roasted soyabeans, fermentability
Keasaman Cairan Tubuh dan Rasio Kelamin Anak Domba Garut (Ovis aries) yang Diberi Kation-Anion Ransum yang Berbeda F Fathul; T Toharmat; I G Permana; A Boediono
Media Peternakan Vol. 31 No. 2 (2008): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

The objective of this research was to determine the effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) on acidity of ration, blood, vaginal mucous, and urine, number of fetus, number of offspring, and offspring sex ratio. The treatments were rations with DCAD -28, -18, 0, +14, and +32 meq which were offered to 15 ewes. This research used randomized complete block design. There were three groups, (I) ewes previously had twin female offsprings; (II) ewes previously had twin male offsprings; and (III) ewes previously had twin male and female offsprings. Results of this study showed that there were no differences observed for blood's pH, vaginal liquid's pH, offspring number, and offspring sex ratio. Increasing DCAD affected ration's pH, urine's pH, and number of fetus for each ewe. Blood's acidity was not affected by DCAD, but DCAD -28 meq reduced acid of blood, metabolic acidosis, and urine; the number of fetus and offspring. DCAD -28 meq might be anions excessive in the ration. DCAD 0 meq was relatively the best of ration because gave the normality of blood, metabolic, and urine, also relatively the highest of fetus and offspring. The offspring sex ratio related to vaginal mucose pH when artificial insemination was applied (r= 0.75) and ration's pH (r=0.47). Ewes previously had twin female lambs gave the number of fetus and offspring sex ratio were 2.00+0.71 and 0%, respectively. Ewes previously had twin male lambs gave the number of fetus and offspring sex ratio were 2.80+1.30 and 15.00+8.50%, respectively. Ewes previously had twin male and female lambs gave the number of fetus and offspring sex ratio were 1.60+1.14 and 61.75+31.50%, respectively.Key words: DCAD, pH, offspring sex ratio, lamb, ewe
Co-Authors . Adawiah A Anggraeni A Atabany A Boediono A Haziq A Sudono A.P Sari B Masy'ud B P Purwanto B.W H.E Prasetiyono C I Novita D Khairunisa D Sudrajat D Taniwiryo D Taniwiryono Dwierra Evvyernie E N Herliyana E Nursasih F Agustin F Amir F Fathul H S Alikodra I Badarina I G Permana I Hernaman I K Darusman I K Sutama I Prihantono Iwan Prihantoro L Abdullah M Basri M Sudibyo N A Sigit N Hotimah N Rahayu N Ramli N.S Yunitasari Nahrowi Nahrowi P I Pudjiono R I Arifiantini R Nazilah R Syarief S Tarigan S. Tarigan Suryahadi (Suryahadi) Suryani . T adelina T Q Noerzihad T R Wiradarya T Sutardi U H Tanuwiria W D Astuti W Manalu Y Retnani Y Santosa