K G Wiryawan
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Kajian Antibakteri Temulawak, Jahe dan Bawang Putih terhadap Salmonella typhimurium serta Pengaruh Bawang Putih terhadap Performans dan Respon Imun Ayam Pedaging K G Wiryawan; S Suharti; M Bintang
Media Peternakan Vol. 28 No. 2 (2005): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

This research was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activity of powder of temulawak, ginger and garlic to S.typhimurium using modified agar well method. Preliminary study showed that garlic powder had the best antibacterial activity, therefore it was further tested in a feeding trial to evaluate the effect on growth performance and immune response in broiler chicken challenged with S. typhimurium (ST). Experimental treatments were arranged in Completely Randomized Design with four treatment and three replications (Negative control, positive control, garlic powder and tetracycline). Seventy-two Day-Old-Chickens with body weight 46,7 g strain “Hubbard Wonokoyo” were used in a 28 days experiment. Broiler chickens were fed garlic powder and tetracycline diets for 10 days and then challenged orally with ST 4,1 x 1011 cfu. Body weight, feed intake and salmonella colony in faeces were monitored. Blood serum was collected at 18-d after infection. Results indicated that there was no significant effect of garlic powder on body weight and feed intake, but feed intake tended to decrease. However, feed conversion ratio of ration with garlic powder was better than rations with tetracycline and other treatments. Salmonella population in faeces also decreased with addition of garlic powder in diets. Total protein serum was influenced by disease challenged. Serum immunoglobulin (gamma globulin) was not influenced by disease challenged, but addition garlic powder in diet tended to increase gamma-globulin concentration. It can be concluded that garlic powder has antibacterial activity to S.typhimurium. Furthermore, this result indicated that some beneficial effect of dietary garlic powder at 2,5% supplementation on growth performance and no effect on immune response in the presence of ST-challenge. Key words : antibacterial, temulawak, ginger, garlic, Salmonella, chicken
Kajian Penambahan Ragi Tape pada Pakan terhadap Konsumsi, Pertambahan Bobot Badan, Rasio Konversi Pakan, dan Mortalitas Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) E M Sianturi; A M Fuah; K G Wiryawan
Media Peternakan Vol. 29 No. 3 (2006): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of different levels of tape yeast addition into rations on Rattus norvegicus performance, such as feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality. The experimental design used was a factorial completely randomized design 2 x 4, the first factor was sex (male and female rats), and the second factor was different levels of tape yeast added into rations (0% as R1, 0.5% as R2, 1% as R3 and 1.5% as R4). The results showed that the interaction between sex and yeast addition had significant effect on feed consumption and body weight gain (P < 0.05), but the effect was not significant on feed conversion ratio and mortality. Yeast addition in male-rat rations significantly reduced feed consumption, but did not affect body weight gain. In female rats, the addition of yeast in the rations increased body weight gain. Increasing levels of tape yeast in the rations improved the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio, especially for female rats (P < 0.05). There was no single rat died during the experimental period. Rats fed ration containing 1.5% yeast showed better feed consumption, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio compared to rats given other rations. Key words : rat, tape yeast, consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortality
Polisakarida Mengandung Mannan dari Bungkil Inti Sawit Sebagai Antimikroba Salmonella typhimurium pada Ayam L A Sofyan; N Ramli; K G Wiryawan; K Zarkasie; W G Piliang
Media Peternakan Vol. 30 No. 2 (2007): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

Mannan containing polysaccharides could be used as an alternative to replace antibiotics due to their capacity to block the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine of poultry. The aim of this study was to investigate mannan containing polysaccharides from palm kernel meal (PKM) and its inhibitory effect against Salmonella typhimurium. Hot water extractions were used to isolate mannan containing polysaccharides from cell wall of PKM. In vivo studies were conducted using broiler and layer chicks that were challenged orally with 104 cfu Salmonella typhimurium on third day. Split plot design was used as experimental design with strain as main plot and level of mannan polysaccharides as sub plot. The levels of mannan containing polysaccharides that were used consisted of 0 (R0); 1000 (R1); 2000 (R2); 3000 (R3); 4000 (R4) ppm, in term of total sugar. The results indicated that compared to the control group, feeding PKM containing mannan 4000 ppm decreased (P < 0.01) Salmonella typhimurium incidence. The addition of mannan did not affect feed consumption. On the contrary, the addition of 4000 ppm mannan gave significantly higher feed/weight gain ratio of the chicks (P < 0.05). The administration of feed supplemented with mannan from PKM did not influence weight gain of poultry. It is concluded that mannan from PKM can prevent the colonization of Salmonella typhimurium in poultry. Key words: palm kernel meal, mannan, Salmonella typhimurium, performance, poultry
Peningkatan Performa Ayam Broiler dengan Suplementasi Daun Salam [Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp] Sebagai Antibakteri Escherichia coli K G Wiryawan; S Luvianti; W Hermana; S Suharti
Media Peternakan Vol. 30 No. 1 (2007): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of bay leaves (S. polyanthum (Wight) Walp) used in the diet as E. coli antibacteria in improving broiler performances. This experiment used 180 day old chicks (DOC) of Cobb strain which were kept in litter system for five weeks. The experiment used completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications consisting of 10 broilers in each replication. The treatment diets were R0 = control diet, R1 = R0 infected with E. coli, R2 = R1 + 1% bay leaves, R3 = R1 + 2% bay leaves, R4 = R1 + 3% bay leaves, R5 = R1 + antibiotic. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance. The variables observed were feed consumption, body weight gain, final body weight, feed conversion ratio, mortality, and total colony of E. coli in broiler excreta. The results showed that the use of bay leaves up to 3% in the ration increased broiler performance by increasing feed consumption and body weight gain, depressing the number of E. coli in excreta, and reducing mortality compared to the other treatments, but it did not affect the feed conversion ratio. Key words: bay leaves, antibacteria, E. coli, broiler performance
Penambahan Sabun-Kalsium dari Minyak Ikan Lemuru dalam Ransum: 1. Pengaruhnya terhadap Tampilan Produksi Domba A Sudarman; K G Wiryawan; H Markhamah
Media Peternakan Vol. 31 No. 3 (2008): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

Since the use of fat more than 5% in ruminant diets would disturb fermentation process in the rumen, the use of fat more than 5% must be protected. The calcium soap is one form of protected fat. The objective of this research was to study the effect of calcium soap in the diets on performance of sheep. Sixteen sheep were used and divided into four groups consisted of four animals in each group. The sheep were allocated in a Randomized Block Design. The treatment diets were, R0: control diet, R1: R0 + 1.5% calcium soap, R2: R0 + 3% calcium soap and R3: R0 + 4.5% calcium soap. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and any significant differences were further tested using contrast orthogonal. The results showed that the treatments significantly (P < 0.05) decreased daily gain, dry matter, energy and protein intake, but feed conversion ratio and water intake were not significantly affected. Key words: sheep, calcium-soap, feed intake, daily gain, water intake
Nisbah Sinkronisasi Suplai N-Protein dan Energi dalam Rumen Sebagai Basis Formulasi Ransum Ternak Ruminansia . Hermon; . Suryahadi; K G Wiryawan; S Hardjosoewignjo
Media Peternakan Vol. 31 No. 3 (2008): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

The experiment was conducted to determine the optimum synchronization ratio of N-protein and fermented organic matter (OM) in the rumen for the purpose of ration formulation for ruminant animals, in order to improve efficiency of rumen microbial N synthesis and feed efficiency. Nylon bag technique was adopted to determine ruminal characteristic of protein and OM degradation of feedstuffs (forage and concentrate diet) for which the synchronized index of N-protein and fermented OM in the rumen might be determined. By randomized block design, twelve local cattle were arranged to four groups. Each group was fed three types of diet that was different in synchronization ratio of supplying N-protein and fermented OM in the rumen, namely 20 g N/kg OM (R20); 25 g N /kg OM (R25); and 30 g N /kg MO (R30). The diets had iso-energy and iso-protein contents and had the same synchronization index. The results showed that the type of diet had no effect (P>0.05) on intake and digestibility of nutrients, N retention, average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency. But R20 had better parameter values than those of R25 and R30. It might be concluded that the diet having a synchronization ratio of 20 g N/kg fermented OM in the rumen will generate more efficient protein synthesis of rumen microbes and feed efficiency. Key words: synchronization index, microbial protein synthesis, ruminal characteristic
Komposisi dan Kandungan Kolesterol Karkas Ayam Broiler Diare yang Diberi Tepung Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) dalam Ransum S Suharti; A Banowati; W Hermana; K G Wiryawan
Media Peternakan Vol. 31 No. 2 (2008): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

Diarrhea is one of diseases in broiler chicken. Antibiotics are usually used to cure the disease. However, there are many risks caused by the use of antibiotic in poultry industries for human health. The risks are carcinogenic effect and resistance to the antibiotics. Therefore the use of antibiotics needs to be replaced by natural antimicrobes. One of the natural antimicrobes is bay leaves which contains volatile oils, tannins and flavonoids. This research was conducted to study the effect of bay leaves powder addition in the ration on the body weight, carcass percentage, carcass commercial cut and carcass cholesterol of the broiler using completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. The research used 180 DOC (Day Old Chicken). The treatment diets were: R0 (control), R1 (control with infected Eschericia coli), R2 (1% bay leaves powder), R3 (2% bay leaves powder), R4 (3% bay leaves powder), R5 (antibiotic). The data were analyzed using analyses of variance and any significant difference was further tested by Duncan test. The results showed that the treatment diets did not significantly increase body weight, carcass percentage, and carcass commercial cut percentage. The treatment significantly decreased carcass cholesterol level. It is concluded that bay leaves meal could replaced the use of antibiotic in broiler ration and reduced carcass cholesterol. Key words: bay leave, E. coli, body weight, carcass, cholesterol
Pemberian Tepung Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) dalam Ransum Sebagai Bahan Antibakteri Escherichia coli terhadap Organ Dalam Ayam Broiler W Hermana; D I Puspitasari; K G Wiryawan; S Suharti
Media Peternakan Vol. 31 No. 1 (2008): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the utilization of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) in the diets as antibacterial agent and its effect on the weight viscera organ of broilers. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. One hundred and eighty birds of five week-old broiler were used in the present experiment, and thirty six birds were decapitated to measure the weight of viscera. On day four, experimental animals were divided into six group of treatments and were provided standard diet. The treatments were as follows, Escherichia coli (E.coli)-uninfected broiler without bay leaf (R0/positive control goup), E. coli-infected broiler without bay leaf (R1/negative control group), R1 + 1% bay leaf (R2), R1 + 2% bay leaf (R3), R1 + 3% bay leaf (R4), and R1 + 0.02% tetracycline (R5). The results showed that weight percentage of liver, spleen, heart, pancrease, bile and intestine were not affected by the addition of 1, 2 and 3% bay leaf (R2,R3 and R4) as compared to those of R0, R1 and R5. However, gizzard percentage of broiler given 3% bay leaf (R4) increased (P < 0.01) to the value same as that of R0 (2.31 vs 2.71%). The highly significant (P < 0.01) increased in weight percentage of kidney was also found due to the treatments, and the increase was significant (P < 0.05) when R5 compared to R2 and R4. The addition of 2% (R3) and 3% (R4) bay leaf and 0.02% tetracycline (R5), as compared to R0, R1 and R2, could depress the number of E. coli in the excreta. In conclusion, the addition of bay leaf up to 3% was able to minimize the number of E. coli in excreta without negatively affecting weight of viscera of broiler chickens. Key words: Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp., tetracycline, Escherichia coli, viscera
Perubahan Komposisi Kimia Kulit Buah Kakao Akibat Penambahan Mangan dan Kalsium dalam Biokonversi dengan Kapang Phanerochaete chrysosporium Suparjo Suparjo; K G Wiryawan; E B Laconi; D Mangunwidjaja
Media Peternakan Vol. 32 No. 3 (2009): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Bioconversion is a method to increase quality of high lignocellulose-containing feedstuffs. Fermentation occurs during bioconversion is influenced primarily by length of fermentation and mineral supplementation to the medium. This study was aimed at determining the effect of these two factors on dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), and cellulose-to-lignin ratio of cocoa pod incubated with Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Twenty four treatments containing of 4 mineral supplementations (no mineral, Ca, Mn, and Ca+Mn) and 6 different lengths of fermentation (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days) were designed randomly to 72 fermentation glass jars in a 4x6 factorial arrangement. Length of fermentation had significant effect on all parameters measured. Mineral significantly affected changes of DM and OM, NDF and ADF content, and cellulose-to-lignin ratio, but not DM and OM content. In conclusion, supplementation of Ca to cocoa pod incubated with P. chrysosporium for 15 days contributed positively (P < 0.05) to changes of OM (13.83%) and DM (11.30%). The cellulose-to-lignin ratio of 1.34 was the optimum result of Mn supplementation for 10 days incubation. Key words: Phanerochaete chrysosporium, cocoa pod, fermentation, mineral supplemention, fiber
Efektivitas Daun Murbei Sebagai Pengganti Konsentrat dalam Sistem Rumen in Vitro S Syahrir; K G Wiryawan; A Parakkasi; M Winugroho; O.N P Sari
Media Peternakan Vol. 32 No. 2 (2009): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

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Abstract

Mulberry leave has a great potential as animal feed because of its high nutrient content. It also has deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) compound, that is potential to increase fermentability of fibrous feed in ruminal system. An in vitro experiment was conducted to investigate the capability of mulberry leaves to substitute concentrate as feed for ruminant in increasing fermentability of fibrous feed in ruminal system. This experiment was carried out using randomized block design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were: P0 (50% rice straw + 50% concentrate) as a control, P1 (50% rice straw + 37.5% concentrate + 12.5% mulberry leave), P2 (50% rice straw + 25% concentrate + 25% mulberry leave), P3 (50% rice straw + 12.5% concentrate + 37.5% mulberry leave), P4 (50% rice straw + 50% mulberry leave). Variables measured were fermentability (NH3 and VFA concentrations), pH, gas production, dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and duncan multiple range test was further used to test the significant differences. VFA concentration, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility were significantly difference (P < 0.05) among treatments. However, there was no significant effect on the other variables. It is concluded that mulberry leave are able to substitute the concentrate and increased fermentability of fibrous feed in ruminal system. Key words: mulberry leave, rice straw, ruminal fermentation, in vitro