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Analisis Layer System Bambu Laminasi Berdasarkan Penyebaran Kerapatan Ikatan Pembuluhnya Effendi Tri Bahtiar; Naresworo Nugroho; Surjono Surjokusumo; Lina Karlinasari; Atmawi Darwis
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 1 (2013): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

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Anatomically, bamboo is constructed from many types of cells. Vascular bundles are the cells which give the highest contribution to the bamboo strength, thus the density distribution of vascular bundles could be used as the main variable for analyzing the layer system of bamboo strip and laminated bamboo. The density of vascular bundles distribution decreases gradually from the outer to inner part in a regular manner which could be fitted by linear or nonlinear function. Ratio of modulus of elasticity (E) which widely used in transformed cross section (TCC) method for analyzing the layer system are substituted by ratio of density distribution of vascular bundles with asumption that both are highly correlated. The data in this study proved that there are high Pearson’s corellation between the theoretical and the empirical result, and the paired t-student test also showed both are not significantly different; thus, this new method could be applied in very good result. There are 3 models applied in this study, namely linear, logarithm, and power. Power model is the best among others since its theoretical gives the nearest estimation to the empirical measurement.

Peranan Rekayasa Dalam Sistem Pemanfaatan Kayu Konstruksi di Indonesia Surjono Surjokusumo; Naresworo Nugroho
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 1 No. 1 (1991): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

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Up to now the main problem wich always appears in timber construction design is that structural timber is not available readily in the market. A machine stress rating system called PANTER is practical and suitable to the social, economical and technological conditions f the Indonesian way of life, trying to reduce the gap between theory (design) and practice (implementation) of timber construction through structural timber procurement from sawn timber commercial as well as lesser known species in the market. The objective of the study of the role of engineering is to establish a supply system for structural timber in the frame os supporting the realization of a rational timber construction practice. The methodology approach is to identify and study problems related to the producer (sawmill industry) and the construction community (Perumnas or private enterprise) through stress grading activity in the field and to gather secondary data, followed with description and comparative analysis. The result of the study showed that from 2700 pieces of lumber which had been stress graded, consisted of sizes of 5/7, 5/10 and 6/12 cm/cm, were in the range of structural grade TS-7 up to TS-25 (82 %) with the rest of 9 % rejects and only 9 % falls under high strength category (TS-27 up to TS-25). It also was concluded that the stresses in the members produced from the design loadings could be arranged such that each member can function according to a standard size as well as its strength. Optimation using structural timber was achieved through size and stress grade arrangements, such that the needed members of a structural component could be adjusted to the availability of stress grade composition which exist in the field.

Connection is the weakest point of the structural building system. Structural construction building system must ensure that there is only a tensile force or just axial compression that is working on the connection. Data on the lateral design values (Z) double shear connection wood beam with nails of steel side plates for various types of tropical Indonesian wood have not studied much. Average moisture content (MC) for the main member varies from 13.3 to 22.5% while average specific gravity (r) f Sucahyo SADIYO; Naresworo NUGROHO; Surjono SURJOKUSUMO; Imam WAHYUDI
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Vol. 3 No. 1 (2010): Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Departemen Hasil Hutan, IPB

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Connection is the weakest point of the structural building system. Structural construction building system must ensure that there is only a tensile force or just axial compression that is working on the connection. Data on the lateral design values (Z) double shear connection wood beam with nails of steel side plates for various types of tropical Indonesian wood have not studied much. Average moisture content (MC) for the main member varies from 13.3 to 22.5% while average specific gravity (r) from 0.27 to 0.76 and then wood density from 0.31 to 0.89 g/cm3. From this average value of MC, SG and wood density the lowest is sengon and the highest is rasamala wood. Average allowable load of compression parallel to grain ( ) and parallel tensile ( )is sengon, but the highest is bangkirai. There is a general tendency that and is linier to r of those wood. is approximately 2 times greater than its . The number of nail (4-10 pieces) did not give effect of average Z, but with the nail diameter 4.1 to 5.2 mm Z increased significantly and this value decreased on 5.5 mm diameter nail. Average Z also increases with increasing of ρ for displacement 1.50 mm (Indonesian Standard PKKI NI-5 1961)) and 5.0 mm (breaking load). The increasing of Z happens because ρ effect. At 5.0 mm displacement the increase of Z is not as sharp as that of 1.5 mm. Power regression type is the best equation to predict Z of wood density for several diameters of nails. Keywords : Allowable load of tensile parallel to grain, density, displacement, double shear connection, lateral design values

Subterranean termite, Macrotermes, play important role on plant nutritive cycles through disintegration and decomposition of organic matter processes. In the other hand, subterranean termite can cause wooden damage in the nature and human dormitory as well. Therefore, Macrotermes are potential pest and need to be controlled. Effective pest-control of subterranean termite can be made when their species status and distribution are well known. This research is aimed to identify the status of spec Niken SUBEKTI; Dedy DURYADI; Dodi NANDIKA; Surjono SURJOKUSUMO; Syaiful ANWAR
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Vol. 1 No. 1 (2008): Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Departemen Hasil Hutan, IPB

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Subterranean termite, Macrotermes, play important role on plant nutritive cycles through disintegration and decomposition of organic matter processes. In the other hand, subterranean termite can cause wooden damage in the nature and human dormitory as well. Therefore, Macrotermes are potential pest and need to be controlled. Effective pest-control of subterranean termite can be made when their species status and distribution are well known. This research is aimed to identify the status of species and the dispersal of Macrotermes at their natural habitat in order to explore natural bio-resources richness and as an effort towards effective pest-control due to increasing risk of attack. Survey method was used termite samples were collected at four different locations which are defined by global positioning system (GPS). Nest classification is according to Meyer et al. (2003). The nest mapping is based on the elevations of their natural habitat in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (900-1000 asl), and (600-700 asl), Yanlappa sanctuary (200-300 asl), and Ujung Kulon Nasional Park (0-100 asl). Phylogenetic relationships analysis showed that subterranean termite Macrotermes in the natural forest community are belongs to one big group Macrotermes gilvus Hagen. Based on nest size, the colony of Macrotermes can be classified into three different sizes: large, medium, and small nest. Large and medium nest can be found in large amount in Yanlappa sanctuary (15 and 23 colonies, respectively) and the majority of small nest occurred in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park at 900 asl (78 colonies). Temperature and humidity is the most environmental factor that can influence on termite and other factor is rain fall, soil structure, and plant vegetation. Keywords: Distribution, identify, Macrotermes gilvus Hagen, nest

Pangsor (Ficus callosa WILLD) and kecapi (Sandoricum kucape MERR) are usually planted in garden and rural forest. The objective of this study was to determine its specific gravity (SG), maximum crushing strength (σc//), longitudinal modulus elasticity (EL), and Poisson’s ratio (n). The compression test was conducted referring to ASTM D143-94(2000) using UTM Instron 3369 which is equipped with two biaxial clip on extensometers. The result showed that vertical and horizontal position of wood i Lusita WARDANI; Effendi Tri BAHTIAR; Ignasia Maria SULASTININGSIH; Atmawi DARWIS; Lina KARLINASARI; Naresworo NUGROHO; Surjono SURJOKUSUMO
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2011): Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Departemen Hasil Hutan, IPB

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Pangsor (Ficus callosa WILLD) and kecapi (Sandoricum kucape MERR) are usually planted in garden and rural forest. The objective of this study was to determine its specific gravity (SG), maximum crushing strength (σc//), longitudinal modulus elasticity (EL), and Poisson’s ratio (n). The compression test was conducted referring to ASTM D143-94(2000) using UTM Instron 3369 which is equipped with two biaxial clip on extensometers. The result showed that vertical and horizontal position of wood in the trees statistically significant influenced on SG and σc//. Horizontal position in Pangsor wood affected its EL, but the other position in both species were not significantly different. There were poor correlations between SG with EL and σc//. Poisson’s ratio value of both woods were in a range 0.0045 – 0.275 for longitudinal-radial direction (nLR), and 0.0151 – 0.1289 for longitudinal-tangensial direction (nLT). Keywords : Longitudinal Modulus of Elasticity, Maximum Crushing Strength, Poisson’s Ratio, Pangsor wood, Kecapi wood

NILAI DESAIN ACUAN SAMBUNGAN KAYU GESER GANDA DENGAN PAKU BERPELAT SISI BAJA AKIBAT BEBAN UNI-AKSIAL TEKAN MENURUT BERBAGAI ANALISIS PENDEKATAN Sucahyo Sadiyo; Naresworo Nugroho; Surjono Surjokusumo; Imam Wahyudi
PERENNIAL Vol. 6 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Forestry Faculty of Universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/perennial.v6i1.191

The purposes of this research are to know the influence of woods specific gravity and nail diameter to reference design value in double shear timber connections with steel side plates nail on four species of Indonesian commercial wood according to various approximation analysis. Analysis is done to four values and it is compared with other research that has been done. This research result from testing which have done by Ziannita (2009) referred as approach of A; result of research of Sadiyo and Sriyanto (2009) and Mansur (2009) referred as approach of B; values referring at literature referred as approach of C and compressive-joint total load divided by nail amount and factor of safety referred as approach of D (Sadiyo and Sriyanto, 2009 and Mansur, 2009). Joint done by using four species of Indonesian commercial wood which is meranti merah (Shorea leprosula), mabang (Shorea pachyphylla), kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) and bangkirai (Shorea laevifolia). Nails that applied in this research are nail with diameter of 4.1 mm length of 10 cm, nail with diameter of 5.2 mm length of 12.5 cm and nail with diameter of 5.5 mm length of 15 cm. The calculation of this research is done according to National Design Specification for Wood Construction-2005. Analysis results indicate that wood specific gravity influence the strength of connection, excelsior wood specific gravity will produce high strength of connection also. This can be influenced by mechanical properties from wood such as maximum crushing strength. Bangkirai have higher specific gravity than three others wood but result approach of D shows that the connections assess reference design value which is lower compared with two other woods (kempas and mabang wood). Then, the bigger on nail diameter brings bigger strength of connection also, but this thing depends on the conditions from nail and quality of nail materials. Key words: compression loading, double shear connections, nail, reference design value, steel side plates.

Space truss is a three dimensional structure, which can draw forces work on its member either tension or compression without torsion. Space truss is favorable to build a large, light and stiff structure, which are made from relatively short bars. This research is a feasibility study of using bamboo as space truss members. This study focuses on designing bamboo connection, that strong enough for both tension and compression. According to the analysis done, bamboo culm with diameter 4 cm and 6 Gina Gina Bachtiar; Surjono Surjokusumo; Naresworo Nugroho; Yusuf Sudo Hadi
Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 31 No. 1 (2008): Forum Pascasarjana
Publisher : Forum Pasca Sarjana

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Space truss is a three dimensional structure, which can draw forces work on its member either tension or compression without torsion. Space truss is favorable to build a large, light and stiff structure, which are made from relatively short bars. This research is a feasibility study of using bamboo as space truss members. This study focuses on designing bamboo connection, that strong enough for both tension and compression. According to the analysis done, bamboo culm with diameter 4 cm and 6 cm could be use to make space truss member for a simple 3m x 4 m canopy structure. The critical point of failure was on shear, because the shear strength of bamboo observed was only 3.9kg/cm2. Designing with uniform length members of one meter, it’s found that for bamboo of 4 cm and 6 cm in diameter, depth of shear area of 5 cm and 3 cm, respectively, are needed. Keywords: bamboo connection, space truss member, tension, compression

Teknik Rekayasa Pemadatan Kayu II : Sifat Fisik dan Mekanik Kayu Agatis (Agathis lorantifolia Salisb.) Terpadatkan dalam Konstruksi Bangunan Kayu Sulistyono .; Naresworo Nugroho; Surjono Surjokusumo
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 17 No. 1 (2003): Buletin Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.017.1.%p

Pemadatan kayu dapat dilakukan dengan dua langkah utama, yaitu perlakuan perendaman, perebusan dan pengukusan agar kayu bersifat plastis dan perlakuan pemadatan pada arah tegak lurus serat. Proses plastisasi dan pemadatan kayu yang sesuai dapat meningkatkan sifat fisik dan sifat mekanik kayu terpadatkan dan berkualitas tinggi. Kualitas yang dimaksud adalah kemudahan proses pemadatan, stabilitas dimensi, keseragaman dan peningkatan kekuatan papan kayu, kehalusan corak permukaan papan dan fiksasi permanen.

Menduga Modulus Geser dengan Memanfaatkan Modulus Elastisitas Contoh Uji Ukuran Pemakaian dan Bebas Cacat Predicting Shear Modulus Using the Elasticity Modulus of Full-Scale and Small-Clear Wood Specimen Indah Sulistyawati; Abdul Muhar Husin; Surjono Surjokusumo
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 3, No 1 (2005): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

To predict the elasticity modulus of wood, an assumption is made that all of deflection is due to the bending moment. Actually the total deflection of a beam made up of a bending and shear component. The composition of the bending deflection has EI as the bending stiffness factor and for the shear deflection has a GA as the shear stiffness factor, where E is the elasticity modulus, I is the moment of inertia, G is the shear modulus and A is the cross sectional area of a beam. The shear modulus of wood can be determined by using the true elasticity modulus of full-scale specimen test and the apparent elasticity modulus of small-clear specimen test of the beam with single load at mid-point for simply supported beam. From the comparison of them the shear modulus of wood can be obtained. The result of this research shown that the shear modulus of Acacia mangium is 1/17.45 multiplies by the elasticity modulus.

Penampilan Kayu Kelapa (Cocos nucifera Linn) Bagian Dalam yang Dimampatkan Performance of Densified Inner-Part of Coconut Wood (Cocos nucifera Linn) Isna Yuniar Wardhani; Surjono Surjokusumo; Yusuf Sudo Hadi; Naresworo Nugroho
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 4, No 2 (2006): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

The inner-part of coconut wood has low to medium density, which have not been utilized yet optimally as construction material. The purpose of this study was to improve the properties of inner-part of coconut wood by densification, such as it can be considered as a substitute of wood. Pre-treatments were steaming (a1) and boiling (a2) at 120°C for 15 minutes, and pressing temperature were 150°C (b1) and 175°C (b2). Deformation targets were 10% (c1), 20% (c2) and 30% (c3) from the initial thickness. The results indicated that the treatments did not affect to some of the densified wood properties. The appearance of panel surface was smooth and shine, but darker than that of solid. The increasing of density was 4.43 ~ 27.21% with strain recovery of 0.17 ~ 0.52 after soaking in water for 24 hours at room temperature.

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