Ricca Andriani
Mahasiswa Magister Keperawatan Kekhususan Keperawatan Medikal Bedah, Fakultas Keperawatan, Universitas Andalas

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Manajemen Diri Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Pasca Edukasi Terstruktur Indonesian Group-Based Development Program (InGDEP) di Puskesmas Lubuk Buaya Padang Ricca Andriani; Hema Malini; Reni Prima Gusty
Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan SUARA FORIKES Vol 12 (2021): Nomor Khusus April 2021
Publisher : FORIKES

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33846/sf12nk202

Abstract

Background: Indonesian Group Diabetes Education Program (InGDEP) was a structured health education at Health Centre (HC), which was an effort to improve self-management behavior in diabetes mellitus patients. Continuity in evaluating the provision of health education needs to be done, especially in terms of increasing knowledge, attitudes and independent care. The purpose of this study was to explore the self-management of Type 2 DM patients after attending a structured educational education using the Snehendu Kar behavior change theory approach. Methods: The research design used was a qualitative method with a grounded theory approach. Data collection was carried out by conducting in-depth interviews, validating and observing. Observations include nine main dimensions of social situations written in field notes on 10 selected participants and 3 health workers. All participants filled out diaries for 7 days regarding dietary arrangements, physical activity and daily treatment of DM patients. The data analysis process used a grounded theory approach; open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Results: This study showed that the core category of changes in health behavior related to self-management based on the Kar theory perspective includes 5 (five) selective coding. The theme obtained was that there were benefits for themselves and others who were based on their intention to attend education, adequate support systems, convenience of health information and health services, self-confidence and being able to make healthy behavior changes. The provision of information through structured education in InGDEP has provided changes in health behavior through self-management measures including diet and lifestyle management. Lifestyle changes were better implemented through implementation of regular physical activities where most of the participants did morning walks, homework and gymnastics; treatment and blood sugar monitoring regularly. Most of participants showed good and moderate changes in glycemic control (60%) and only 40% having poor glycemic control (HbA1c> 8.5 g / dl). Conclusion: The importance of providing education in stages and focusing on the patient's condition and an adequate support system in diet management in the form of educational classes. The benefits of the InGDEP education provided were so beneficial that it was expected to be sustainable. Keywords: self-management; InGDEP structured education; DM Type 2; grounded theory ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Upaya yang dapat meningkatkan perilaku manajemen diri pada pasien diabetes melitus adalah melalui progam pendidikan kesehatan yang telah dilakukan di Puskesmas melalui pendidikan terstruktur Indonesian Group Diabetes Education Programme (InGDEP). Perlunya keberlanjutan evaluasi dalam pemberian pendidikan kesehatan dalam memberikan peningkatan terhadap pengetahuan, sikap dan perawatan mandiri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi manajemen diri pasien DM Tipe 2 pasca mengikuti edukasi pendidikan terstruktur dengan pendekatan teori perubahan perilaku Snehendu Kar. Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metoda kualitatif dengan pendekatan grounded theory, dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam, validasi dan observasi sembilan dimensi utama situasi sosial yang ditulis dalam catatan lapangan (field notes) pada 10 partisipan terpilih dan 3 orang tenaga kesehatan serta partisipan mengisi buku harian selama 7 hari tentang pengaturan diet, aktivitas fisik dan pengobatan pasien DM sehari-hari. Proses analisa data menggunakan pendekatan grounded theory yaitu open coding, axial coding dan selective coding. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan kategori inti yaitu perubahan perilaku kesehatan terkait manajemen diri berdasarkan perspektif teori Kar meliputi 5 (lima) selective koding. Adapun tema yang didapat adalah adanya kebermanfaatan bagi diri sendiri dan orang lain yang melandasi niat mengikuti edukasi, support system yang adekuat, kemudahan informasi kesehatan dan pelayanan kesehatan, keyakinan diri dan mampu dalam melakukan perubahan perilaku sehat. Pemberian informasi melalui pendidikan terstruktur InGDEP ini telah memberikan perubahan perilaku kesehatan melalui tindakan manajemen diri meliputi pengelolaan diet dan gaya hidup belum sesuai standar; pelaksanaan aktiviatas fisik yang teratur di mana sebagian besar partisipan melakukan jalan pagi, mengerjakan pekerjaan rumah dan senam; pengobatan serta monitoring gula darah yang rutin dan teratur ditandai dengan sebagian besar partisipan telah menunjukkan perubahan kontrol glikemik baik dan sedang (60 %) dan hanya 40% yang memiliki kontrol glikemik yang tidak baik (HbA1c > 8,5 g/dl). Kesimpulan: Pentingnya pemberian edukasi secara bertahap dan berfokus pada kondisi pasien serta support system yang adekuat dalam pengelolaan diet dalam bentuk kelas edukasi. Edukasi InGDEP yang diberikan sangat dirasakan manfaatnya sehingga diharapkan keberlangsungannya. Kata kunci: manajemen diri; pendidikan terstruktur InGDEP; DM Tipe 2; grounded theory