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HIDROLISIS SELULOSA ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipe) MENJADI GLUKOSA DENGAN KATALIS ARANG AKTIF TERSULFONASI Putri Anggraeni; Zaqiyah Addarojah; Didi Dwi Anggoro
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (340.881 KB)

Abstract

This research engage water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as source of cellulose for hydrolysis into glucose using sulfonated activated carbon as catalyst. The aimsof this research are to know optimum conditions for hydrolysis water hyacinth into glucose which includes hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis times, and the weight of catalyst. This research design uses three steps, first is making catalyst,then hydrolysis of cellulose and the last is testing content glucose of filtrate. The data results was plotted on a mathematical model and then optimized using the software Statistica 6.0 by Response Surface Methodology method (RSM). The result obtained by use of a mathematical model for relationship activator combination temperature, time and weight of catalyst for content glucose : Y = 11,601+2,353 x1 – 1,041x1² + 2,463 x2 – 1,554 x2² -2,847x3 – 1,316 x3² + 0,025 x1x2 - 0,885 x1x3 + 0,228 x2x3. The optimum conditions of hydrolysis variable for content glucose obtained from the graph fitted response surface and contour plot that indicates optimum hydrolysis temperature in the range 130°C to 170°C, the optimum hydrolysis time in the range 130 minutes to 210 minutes, and weight of catalyst in the range 3 gr to 20 gr. From this study are expected any further research on application glucose from hydrolysis of water hyacinth as raw material for bioethanol production.
Preparation, Characterization, and Activation of Co-Mo/Y Zeolite Catalyst for Coal Tar Conversion to Liquid Fuel Didi Dwi Anggoro; Luqman Buchori; Giveni Christina Silaen; Resti Nur Utami
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2017: BCREC Volume 12 Issue 2 Year 2017 (August 2017)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (17.253 KB) | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.12.2.768.219-226

Abstract

One of many efforts to convert coal tar into alternative liquid fuel is by hydrocracking. This research aims to determine the impregnation of Co-Mo/Y zeolite, its characteristics, the effect of impregnation temperature and time, and also the best Co-Mo/Y zeolite impregnation condition for the conversion of coal tar. This research was conducted in several steps, impregnating Co from Co(NO3)2.6H2O and Mo from (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O into Zeolite Y in liquid media, drying at 100 °C for 24 hours, and calcination at 550 °C for 3 hours. Coal tar was then reacted with hydrogen gas (as a reactant), and Co-Mo/Zeolite Y (as a catalyst) was conducted at 350 °C. Characteristic analysis showed that Co and Mo had impregnated into the Y zeolite, as well as it made no change of catalyst’s structure and increased the total acidity. The higher of impregnation temperature was increased the catalyst crystallinity, total acidity, and yield of gasoline. The longer impregnation time was reduced crystallinity value, but total acidity and yield were increased. GC analysis showed that products included into the gasoline product (C8, C9, and C10). 
Effect of Co and Mo Loading by Impregnation and Ion Exchange Methods on Morphological Properties of Zeolite Y Catalyst Didi Dwi Anggoro; Nur Hidayati; Luqman Buchori; Yayuk Mundriyastutik
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2016: BCREC Volume 11 Issue 1 Year 2016 (April 2016)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (441.259 KB) | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.11.1.418.75-83

Abstract

Coal tar can be used as an alternative raw material for the production of liquid fuels, such as: gasoline and diesel through hydrogenation and cracking process. Hydrogenation and cracking process requires a catalyst which has metal components for hydrogenation reaction and acid components for cracking reaction. In this study, the Co/Zeolite Y and Co-Mo/Zeolite Y catalysts were prepared by impregnation and ion exchange methods. Characterizations of the catalysts were carried out by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and gravimetric acidity. The catalysts were tested for coal tar conversion to liquid fuel under various temperatures, amount of catalyst and hydrogen flow rates in a fixed bed flow reaction system. Liquid fuels products were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The XRD Spectra indicated that the addition of Co and Mo metals did not affect catalysts structure, however it alters the percentage of crystallinity. The addition of Co metal using impregnation method caused reduction in crystallinity, while the addition of Mo caused improvement of crystallinity. The Co-Mo/Zeolite Y catalyst with highest crystallinity was obtained by loading using ion exchange method. The addition of Co and Mo metals caused increasing acidity. However, the increasing composition of Co and Mo loaded on Zeolite Y catalyst decreased the yield of liquid fuels from coal tar. It can be concluded that the yields of liquid fuels and the composition of gasoline fractions from hydrocracking of coal tar were highly dependent on  acidity of the catalyst. 
The Potential of Cellulose as a Source of Bioethanol using the Solid Catalyst: A Mini-Review Didi Dwi Anggoro; Kamsi Nur Oktavia
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 3 Year 2021 (September 2021)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.3.10635.661-672

Abstract

One of the most important biofuels is cellulose ethanol which is a popular material for bioethanol production. The present cellulosic ethanol production is through the cellulolytic process and this involves the splitting of complex cellulose into simple sugars through the hydrolysis process of the lignocellulose pretreated with acids and enzymes after which the product is fermented and distilled. There are, however, some challenges due to the enzymatic and acid processes based on the fact that acid hydrolysis has the ability to corrode equipment and cause unwanted waste while the enzymatic hydrolysis process requires a longer time because enzymes are costly and limited. This means there is a need for innovations to minimize the problems associated with these two processes and this led to the application of solid catalysts as the green and effective catalyst to convert cellulose to ethanol. Solid catalysts are resistant to acid and base conditions, have a high surface area, and do not cause corrosion during the conversion of the cellulose due to their neutral pH. This review, therefore, includes the determination of the cellulose potential as feedstock to be used in ethanol production as well as the preparation and application of solid catalyst as the mechanism to convert cellulose into fuel and chemicals. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Reusability and Stability Tests of Calcium Oxide Based Catalyst (K2O/CaO-ZnO) for Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel Istadi Istadi; Udin Mabruro; Bintang Ayu Kalimantini; Luqman Buchori; Didi Dwi Anggoro
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2016: BCREC Volume 11 Issue 1 Year 2016 (April 2016)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (356.738 KB) | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.11.1.413.34-39

Abstract

This paper was purposed for testing reusability and stability of calcium oxide-based catalyst (K2O/CaO-ZnO) over transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. The K2O/CaO-ZnO catalyst was synthesized by co-precipitation method of calcium and zinc nitrates followed by impregnation of potassium nitrate. The fresh and used catalysts were tested after regeneration. The catalysts were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and BET Surface Area in order to compare the catalyst structure between the fresh and used catalysts. The catalyst testing in transesterification proses was carried out at following operating conditions, i.e. catalyst weight of 6 wt.%, oil to methanol mole ratio of 1:15, and temperature of 60 oC. In addition, metal oxide leaching of K2O/CaO-ZnO catalyst during reaction was also tested. From the results, the catalysts exhibited high catalytic activity (80% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield after three-cycles of usage) and acceptable reusability after regeneration. The catalyst also showed acceptable stability of catalytic activity, even after three-cycles of usage. 
Optimization of Monoglycerides Production Using KF/CaO-MgO Heterogeneous Catalysis Luqman Buchori; Didi Dwi Anggoro; Indro Sumantri; Riko Rikardo Putra
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2655.954 KB) | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.14.3.4251.689-696

Abstract

The production of monoglyceride or monoacylglycerol (MAG) from triglycerides and glycerol has been studied. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of using KF/CaO-MgO catalyst on MAG production with batch reactor. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst loading was investigated using Response Surface Methods (RSM). The reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst loading were varied at 200-220 ºC,  2-4 hours, and 0.1-0.3 % w/w, respectively. The maximum yield of monoglyceride 41.58% was achieved the optimum conditions of  catalyst loading of 0.19 % (w/w), reaction temperature of 208.4 ºC, and reaction time of 3.20 hours.  
Basicity Optimization of KF/Ca-MgO Catalyst using Impregnation Method Didi Dwi Anggoro; Luqman Buchori; Setia Budi Sasongko; Herawati Oktavianty
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2323.229 KB) | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.14.3.4248.678-682

Abstract

This research aimed at determining the optimum value between calcination temperature (X1), calcination time (X2) and %wt KF (X3) toward optimum basicity of KF/Ca-MgO catalyst. Approximately 2-4%wt KF was added to the KF/Ca-MgO catalyst using the impregnation method to assist the Ca-MgO, at 450-550 ºC and a calcination time of 2-4 hours. Furthermore, its basicity was analyzed using Tanabe's titration method. The use of Variance Analysis (ANOVA), indicated that calcination temperature (X1) factor achieved the highest basicity of KF/Ca-MgO catalyst, as indicated by its high F-value (16.46262) and low p-value (0.0067). The correlation between each operating variables and the responses were shown in a mathematical equation. The optimization value is estimated by limiting the calcination temperature from 415.9 to 584.1 ºC, with a calcination time ranging from 1.32 to 4.68 hours, and %wt KF of 1.3182 to 4.6818 % that obtained 1.18 mmol/g for the optimal catalyst basicity. 
Effects of Ion Exchange Process on Catalyst Activity and Plasma-Assisted Reactor Toward Cracking of Palm Oil into Biofuels Istadi Istadi; Luqman Buchori; Didi Dwi Anggoro; Teguh Riyanto; Anindita Indriana; Chusnul Khotimah; Fachmy Adji Pangestu Setiawan
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 2 Year 2019 (August 2019)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (638.214 KB) | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.14.2.4257.459-467

Abstract

Biofuels can be produced through a conventional catalytic cracking system and/or a hybrid catalytic-plasma cracking system. This paper was focused on studying effect of Na+ ion exchange to HY-Zeolite catalyst on catalyst performance to convert palm oil into biofuels over a conventional continuous fixed bed catalytic cracking reactor and comparing the catalytic cracking performance when carried out in a continuous hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Bruneuer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area methods. The biofuels product were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the hydrocarbons composition of biofuels product. From the results, ion exchange process of Na+ into HY-Zeolite catalyst decreases the catalyst activity due to decreasing the number of active sites caused by blocking of Na+ ion. The selectivity to gasoline ranges achieved 34.25% with 99.11% total conversion when using HY catalyst over conventional continuous fixed bed reactor system. Unfortunately, the selectivity to gasoline ranges decreased to 13.96% and the total conversion decrease slightly to 98.06% when using NaY-Zeolite catalyst. As comparison when the cracking reaction was carried out in a hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor using a spent residual catalytic cracking (RCC) catalyst, the high energetics electron from plasma can improve the reactor performance, where the conversion and yield were increased and the selectivity to lower ranges of hydrocarbons was increased. However, the last results were potential to be intensively studied with respect to relation between reactor temperature and plasma-assisted catalytic reactor parameters. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 
Mekanisasi Pengaduk Adonan Bahan Baku Wingko Babat Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Produktivitas dan Kualitas Produk Luqman Buchori; Didi Dwi Anggoro; Dyah Hesti Wardhani
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2018: PROSIDING SNTKK 2018
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

Peningkatan Kualitas dan Kuantitas Produk Elektroplating Melalui Perbaikan Kualitas Larutan Kimia di Bak Elektroplating dengan Filter Elektroplating Luqman Buchori; Didi Dwi Anggoro; Dyah Hesti Wardhani
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2017: PROSIDING SNTKK
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Abstract

Small electroplating industry is a small industry that is widely available in the city of Semarang. The mainprocesses in the electroplating industry are located in the coating process. This process occurs in theelectroplating bath. The quality of the metal coating is highly dependent on the quality of the chemicalsolution contained in the electroplating bath. If the chemical solution has good quality, such as the solutionwas clear, there are no impurities, the quality of the coating is also good. If the quality of the chemicalsolution is not good, then the results of the coating are also inferior such as there are bubbles in the layer, orthere is dirt on the die so that the coating process must be repeated. This will add to the cost of productionand a coating time so that increases operational costs. To solve this problem we need a system that canproduce a chemical solution that has good quality, clear, and there are no impurities. This system is calledthe filter electroplating. Results of electroplating filter application showed to increase the quantity andquality of production. The production capacity increased by 30% per day. The production turnover up 35%and profits increased by 45%. The chemical solution becomes clear and does not contain impurities so thatthe coating results becomes good.