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Islamic Law and Women’s Rights in Indonesia: A Case of Regional Sharia Legislation Nur Hidayah
AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah Vol 19, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v19i1.11717

Abstract

Under Indonesia decentralization policy which grants regional governments more authority to manage their own local affairs, some predominantly Muslim regions have passed sharia regional legislation on the ground of popular aspirations and local particularities. It has raised a question of whether the regional autonomy will provide new opportunities for women to promote their rights within closer local governments or it will inadvertently restrain women’s advancement. Answering the question, this paper will firstly discuss the decentralization policy that opens up the opportunity for regional sharia legislation. Then it will examine the legal substance of the so-called perda (sharia-based bylaws) and their impacts on women’s rights. Being influenced by conservative sharia interpretation laden with patriarchal values, these sharia-based bylaws discriminate against women, as reflected in their stipulations regarding women’s familial and social roles, dress codes, curfews, public segregation, and prostitution. The rise of Islamic conservatism during Indonesian democratization and the lack of gender perspectives in the decentralization policies have contributed to such discriminatory regional sharia legislation. Therefore there is an urgent need for religious reform as well as more sensitive gender policies in implementing the decentralization so that the sharia and regional autonomy can go hand in hand to support women’s rights promotion. Kebijakan desentralisasi memberi banyak wewenang untuk mengelola urusan lokal daerah  sendiri. Beberapa provinsi dan kabupaten yang mayoritas Muslim telah mengeluarkan peraturan daerah (Perda) syariah berdasarkan aspirasi rakyat dan kekhasan lokal. Fenomena ini telah menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah otonomi daerah akan membuka peluang baru bagi perempuan untuk mempromosikan hak-hak mereka di daerahnya sendiri atau akan menghambat kemajuannya. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan semacam itu, penelitian ini pertama-tama akan membahas kebijakan desentralisasi yang membuka peluang bagi legislasi syariah regional. Kemudian,  pemeriksaan substansi hukum apa yang disebut perda syariah tersebut dan dampaknya terhadap hak-hak perempuan. Temuan penelitian ini memperlihatkan adanya pengaruh interpretasi syariah konservatif yang sarat dengan nilai-nilai patriarki sehingga peraturan berbasis syariah ini mendiskriminasi perempuan, sebagaimana tercermin dalam ketentuan mereka mengenai peran keluarga dan sosial perempuan, aturan berpakaian, jam malam, segregasi publik, dan prostitusi. Munculnya konservatisme Islam selama demokratisasi Indonesia dan kurangnya perspektif gender dalam kebijakan desentralisasi baik di tingkat pemerintah daerah dan masyarakat telah berkontribusi terhadap undang-undang syariah regional yang diskriminatif ini. Oleh karena itu, ada kebutuhan mendesak untuk mereformasi interpretasi agama yang konservatif serta kebijakan jender yang lebih sensitif dalam menerapkan desentralisasi sehingga syariah dan otonomi daerah dapat berjalan beriringan untuk bersama-sama mendukung penguatan hak-hak perempuan.
The Resilience of Sharia and Conventional Banks in Indonesia during the Covid-19 Pandemic Crisis Nur Hidayah; Ainun Zamilah; Sofyan Rizal; Jaharuddin Jaharuddin
Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah Vol 13, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (435.454 KB) | DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v13i2.23964

Abstract

Abstract. This study aims to analyze the effect of COVID-19 on banking resilience in Indonesia and to investigate whether there are differences in the effect of COVID-19 on Islamic and conventional banks. Using panel regression with robust standard error on 38 conventional banks and sharia banks going public in Indonesia, covering the period before the COVID-19 pandemic (Q3 2018-Q4 2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (Q1 2020 – Q2 2021), it shows that the existence of the covid-19 crisis has a significant effect on all bank financial performance indicators, but not significant on all bank risk indicators. Using the independent t-Test test with the assumption of unequal variance and Welch correction, this study conducts a comparative test based on six panels of criteria and found that Islamic banks are more resilient than conventional banks.Keywords: Resilience, Bank Financial Performance, Bank Risk, Covid-19 Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh COVID-19 terhadap resiliensi perbankan di Indonesia dan menginvestigasi apakah terdapat perbedaan pengaruh COVID-19 terhadap resiliensi bank syariah dan konvensional. Menggunakan regresi panel dengan Robust standard error pada 38 bank konvensional dan bank syariah yang sudah ‘go public’ di Indonesia, meliputi periode sebelum pandemi COVID-19 (Q3 2018-Q4 2019) dan selama pandemi COVID-19 ( Q1 2020 – Q2 2021), studi ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan krisis covid-19 berpengaruh signifikan terhadap semua indikator kinerja keuangan bank, dan tidak signifikan terhadap semua indikator risiko bank. Dengan menggunakan uji Independent t-Test dengan asumsi unequal variance dan Welch correction, penelitian ini melakukan uji komparatif berdasarkan enam panel kriteria dan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa bank syariah lebih tangguh dibandingkan bank konvensional.Kata kunci: Ketahanan, Kinerja Bank, Risiko Bank, Covid-19
Non-Performing Finance in Sharia Financial Institutions in Indonesia: A Case Study Of BPRS Adeco (Aceh Development Corporate) Nur Hidayah; Tabrani Tabrani
Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah Vol 11, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Shariah and Law, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (791.23 KB) | DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v11i1.11696

Abstract

High level of Non-Performing Finance (NPF) has become one of risks facing intermediary financial institutions including Islamic banks. Indonesia’s Financial Authority found that NPF ratio of Islamic banks is relatively higher (4,12%) that the one of conventional banks (2,96%) (OJK 2017). Literature indicate the influence of bank’s internal and external factors on high NPF. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the high level of NPF and its settlement and strategies to reduce the level of NPF in Sharia Rural Banking (BPRS/Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Syariah). Taking BPRS Adeco (Aceh Development Corporate) in Langsa City District, Aceh, as a case study, this research takes a qualitative approach. Through a survey to 26 BPRS Adeco employees and semi-structured interviews with 4 employees, this study found three factors leading to an increase in the NPF ratio, namely weak bank’s financing risk management, changing economic conditions and regulations, and the conditions of customers who are vulnerable to socio-economic change. It found that the NPF can be gradually resolved by intensifying the communication to the delinquent customers followed by policies of restructuring the customers’ financing. It also found that the strategies to reduce NPF ratios include improving bank risk financing management, upgrading the quality of human resources in risk management, and providing business mentoring and coaching to the customers. It can be concluded that the strategies made by the BPRS ADECO succeeded in reducing the NPF rate from 15.62% in the June 2012 period to 3.60% in the December 2018 period. The finding implies that Islamic financial institutions, including BPRS, urgently need good finance risk management, particularly in monitoring the financed customers’ business and in mitigating external conditions of the economy and their changing related regulations in order to settle the problem of non-performing finance and to strengthen their finance risk management.