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POSITIVE LEGISLATURE MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DI INDONESIA Esfandiari, Fitria
Ahkam: Jurnal Hukum Islam Vol 5, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : IAIN Tulungagung

In a judicial review, Constitutional Court normatively perform merely only as a negative legislator which is only to invalidate or abolish the norms. Nowadays, the facts show that Constitutional Court in some cases not only invalidate the norm, but also has made verdicts that is forming a law. This study aimed, to identify and analyze more deeply whether the Constitutional Court has made a positive function of legislature through its decisions. To analyze the various legal implications arising from the decision of the Constitutional Court which makes the new norm, and how to realize it. This is normative research with case approach, the conceptual approach and the statute approach. Decisions that can be categorized as positive legislature are Decision No. 46 / PUU-VIII / 2010, No. 102 / PUU-VII / 2009, and No. 110-111-112-113 / PUU-VII /2009. Those Constitutional Court verdicts that contain positive legislature are considered as a part of progressive law enforcement. Those verdicts were made based on legal, philosophical, and sociological consideration which can not be separated from law interpretation. Law can not be seen only from its textual view, but we also have to live up the benefits from its contextual view.Keywords: Constitutional Court, Negative Legislator,Positive Legislator

PEMBENTUKAN BADAN PERADILAN KHUSUS DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PEMILIHAN UMUM KEPALA DAERAH Esfandari, Fitria; Oktavia, Adibah; Astri, Isti Latifah
Ahkam: Jurnal Hukum Islam Vol 7, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : IAIN Tulungagung

ABSTRACTGeneral elections are the manifestation of democracy. General elections have a close relationship with the formulation of Article 1 Paragraph (1), Paragraph (2), and Paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia stating that Indonesia is a unitary state, adheres to the people sovereign system, and is a law state. There is no democracy without elections. Therefore, the citizens’ right to choose and to be elected are constitutional rights protected by the Constitution. In its implementation, it still causes many problems. The most fundamental of which is the absence of a special judicial body in resolving the regional election disputes. The purpose of this study is to find out how the Constitutional Court presents the legal certainty as the results of the regional election disputes so far and how the ideal form of the special judicial body is dealing with disputes on regional election results nationally. The author uses a type of normative juridical research with the method of legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Primary and secondary data used are statutory regulations, several jurisprudences, books, and legal journals. In this study, the author hypothesizes that the most ideal form of a special judicial body which handles election results disputes is to establish a special court named the State Administrative Court through the 1945 Constitution amendment mechanism which focuses on handling cases relating to the Executive, including the handling of disputes on regional election results.Keywords: Local Election, Special Judicial Agency,Constitutional Court

PERSEPSI MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI TENTANG HUTAN ADAT PASCA PUTUSAN NO. 35/PUU-X/2012 Esfandiari, Fitria
Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Vol 26, No 2 (2018): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Law No. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry normatively provides recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples to forests. However, the issue of customary forest rights has led to various interpretations resulting in sectoral conflicts. This paper analyzes how the Constitutional Court's perceptions can postulate decisions regarding this customary forest issue. Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 35 / PUU-IX / 2012 in the case of Judicial Review of Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry against the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia states that the position of the customary forest which currently exists within the territory of the customary law community the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples as long as in reality they still exist and are recognized. It also does not conflict with national interests in accordance with the development of society and the principles of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia as stipulated in the law. The research method used is a normative research method with a statutory approach. Literature study of related reading. The results showed that based on the Constitutional Court Decree Number 35 / PUU-IX / 2012 that, First, the recognition of customary forest is not state forest, Secondly, the customary forest that is intended is part of the customary area or called customary community's customary rights. Third, community rights will be recognized if the existence of indigenous peoples is determined through local regulations.

LAW ENFORCEMENT ON CRIMINAL ACTIONS TO PROSPECTIVE PARTICIPANTS OF HAJJ AND UMROH THROUGH DETERRENCE AND INCAPACITATION THEORY APPROACH Kurniawan, Kukuh Dwi; Esfandiari, Fitria
Ahkam: Jurnal Hukum Islam Vol 9 No 2 (2021): NOVEMBER 2021
Publisher : IAIN Tulungagung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21274/ahkam.2021.9.2.375-400

The Indonesian government opens the involvement of the private sector in organizing the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages. High public interest for Umrah has the potential to cause legal problems if it is not managed properly. There have been many cases of fraud under the guise of an umrah service organizer, demanding a real legal action breakthrough. The method used in this research is the normative research method. This paper aims to analyze, through the use of the theoretical paradigm of Deterrence and Incapacitation, which is expected to be able to affirm legal solutions that can prevent criminal acts from occurring and provide a deterrent effect to the perpetrators. The results of this study indicate that in the process of law enforcement against fraudulent acts of Hajj and Umrah pilgrims in Indonesia, various weaknesses and shortcomings are still found. This is reviewed starting from the root of the problem, law enforcement factors, the investigation process to the formulation of criminal arrangements that are not sufficient for upholding law and justice against the phenomenon of fraudulent acts of prospective Hajj and Umrah pilgrims.

PERSEPSI MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI TENTANG HUTAN ADAT PASCA PUTUSAN NO. 35/PUU-X/2012 Fitria Esfandiari
Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Vol. 26 No. 2 (2018): September
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Law No. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry normatively provides recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples to forests. However, the issue of customary forest rights has led to various interpretations resulting in sectoral conflicts. This paper analyzes how the Constitutional Court's perceptions can postulate decisions regarding this customary forest issue. Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 35 / PUU-IX / 2012 in the case of Judicial Review of Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry against the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia states that the position of the customary forest which currently exists within the territory of the customary law community the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples as long as in reality they still exist and are recognized. It also does not conflict with national interests in accordance with the development of society and the principles of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia as stipulated in the law. The research method used is a normative research method with a statutory approach. Literature study of related reading. The results showed that based on the Constitutional Court Decree Number 35 / PUU-IX / 2012 that, First, the recognition of customary forest is not state forest, Secondly, the customary forest that is intended is part of the customary area or called customary community's customary rights. Third, community rights will be recognized if the existence of indigenous peoples is determined through local regulations.

Optimalisasi Regulasi Jaminan Produk Halal & Sertifikasi Halal LPPOM MUI untuk Produk Minuman Herbal Fitria Esfandiari; Sholahuddin Al-Fatih
Aksiologiya: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Vol 6, No 1 (2022): Februari
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/aks.v6i1.11759

Produk halal saat ini telah menjadi gaya hidup bagi seluruh masyarakat di dunia, tak terkecuali di Indonesia. Sebagai bagian dari tren dan gaya hidup tersebut, ebberapa UMKM dan home industry mencoba merespon dengan tekun mempelajari regulasi terkait jaminan produk halal. Tak hanya itu saja, para pelaku usaha juga mulai rajin mempelajari alur pengajuan sertifikasi halal oleh LPPOM MUI. Pengabdian ini berusaha menjembatani kebutuhan tersebut. Melalui model pengabdian langsung dengan mode blended learning, tim pengabdi dari Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang memberikan edukasi dan ilmu raktis kepada Mitra, yaitu CV. Caraka Abadi, produsen minuman herbal Cangloh. CV. Caraka Abadi berdomisili di Kota Malang dengan membawahi beberapa merek produk herbal, terutama minuman herbal. Hasil pengabdian menghasilkan dokumen pengajuan sertifikasi halal LPPOM MUI yang sudah disetujui dan tingal menunggu penerbitan serta pemahaman karyawan CV. Caraka Abadi tentang regulasi jaminan produk halal.

POSITIVE LEGISLATURE MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DI INDONESIA Fitria Esfandiari
Kumpulan Jurnal Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Magister Ilmu Hukum dan Kenotariatan, 2014
Publisher : Kumpulan Jurnal Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (135.695 KB)

Abstract In a judicial review, Constitutional Court normatively perform merely only as a negative legislator which is only to invalidate or abolish the norms. Nowadays, the facts show that Constitutional Court in some cases not only invalidate the norm, but also has made verdicts that is forming a law. This study aimed, to identify and analyze more deeply whether the Constitutional Court has made â€‹â€‹a positive function of legislature through its decisions. To analyze the various legal implications arising from the decision of the Constitutional Court which makes the new norm, and how to realize it. This is normative research with case approach, the conceptual approach and the statute approach. Decisions that can be categorized as positive legislature are Decision No. 46 / PUU-VIII / 2010, No. 102 / PUU-VII / 2009, and No. 110-111-112-113 / PUU-VII / 2009. Those Constitutional Court verdicts that contain positive legislature are considered as a part of progressive law enforcement. Those verdicts were made based on legal, philosophical, and sociological consideration which can not be separated from law interpretation. Law can not be seen only from its textual view, but we also have to live up the benefits from its contextual view. Key words: constitutional court, negative legislator, positive legislator Â Abstrak Secara normatif kedudukan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam pengujian undang-undang hanya sebatas sebagai negative legislator yaitu penghapus atau pembatal norma. Kenyataan yang berkembang dewasa ini menunjukkan bahwa Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Â beberapa perkara membuat putusan yang tidak hanya membatalkan norma, namun lebih merumuskan norma. Penelitian ini bertujuan, untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis lebih dalam apakah Mahkamah Konstitusi mempunyai fungsi membuat positive legislature melalui putusan-putusannya. Untuk menganalisa berbagai implikasi hukum yang ditimbulkan dari putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi yang membuat norma baru serta bagaimana mewujudkannya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif dengan tiga pendekatan, yakni pendekatan kasus pendekatan konsep dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Putusan yang dapat dikategorikan bersifat positive legislature yaitu Putusan Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010, Putusan Nomor 102/PUU-VII/2009 dan Putusan Nomor 110-111-112-113/PUU-VII/. Putusan MK yang mengandung positive legislature tersebut sebagai bagian dari penegakan hukum progresif. Dibuatnya putusan yang bersifat mengatur tersebut didasarkan pada pertimbangan hukum, filosofis dan sosiologis yang tidak terlepas dari penafsiran hukum. Hukum tidak hanya dilihat dari kacamata teks undang-undang belaka melainkan menghidupkan kemaslahatan dalam kontektualitasnya. Â Kata kunci: mahkamah konstitusi, negative legislature, positive legislature

Additional Criminals To Corporations As An Efforts To Create Criminal Impact With Decision Kukuh Dwi Kurniawan; Fitria Esfandiari
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol 8, No 6 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v8i6.23386

Corporations are always a problem when asked for criminal responsibility. In addition to their own separate ways, separate regulations are needed to examine and prosecute corporations that carry out criminal acts. Like the case that has occurred, the KPK has positioned PT NKE as a legal subject to hold criminal liability. Prosecutors prosecute, and necessary crimes also provide additional penalties for a ban on participating in state auctions for six months. The study was conducted in a descriptive analysis and literature review approach. This study examined philosophically historically the existence of additional crimes to provide a conviction that pledged perpetrators. The conclusion that can be obtained from studying different criminal offences other than the main criminal to the corporation as a legal breakthrough in conducting regular excavation from existing regulations to create a criminal punishment that has a deterrent effect on the corporation that commits a criminal offence.Keywords: Additional Crimes; Corporations; Deterrent Effects. AbstrakKorporasi selalu menjadi masalah ketika dimintai pertanggungjawaban, selain diperlukan cara tersendiri juga diperlukan regulasi tersendiri dalam upaya memeriksa dan mengadili korporasi yang melaklukan tindak pidana. Seperti kasus yang telah terjadi, KPK telah memposisikan PT NKE sebagai subyek hukum sehingga dapat dimintai pertanggugjawaban pidana. JPU melakukan penuntutan selain pidana pokok juga memberikan pemidanaan tambahan berupa larangan mengikuti lelang negara selama enam bulan. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif analisis dan pendekatan kajian pustaka serta dalam penelitian ini mengkaji secara historis filosofis adanya pidana tambahan sehingga dapat memberikan pemidanaan yang menjera pelaku. Kesimpulan yang dapat diperoleh dari penelitian penjatuhan pidana tambahan selain pidana pokok kepada korporasi sebagai upaya terobosan hukum dalam melakukan penggalian hukum dari peraturan yang telah ada untuk menciptakan pemidanaan yang memiliki efek jera kepada korporasi yang melakukan tindak pidana.Kata Kunci: Pidana Tambahan; Korporasi; Efek Jera.

New Normal as an Opening Door to State Financial Stability through the Post-PSBB Tourism Sector Fitria Esfandiari; Duflitama Astesa; Ganisha Sidiq Pramono; Tivania Rachmaudina Lavia Ridha; Maualana Nurhafidz Maskat; Syamil Abdurrahim
SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i Vol 8, No 5 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v8i5.22487

As a country affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, it has become a special note for the Indonesian government to make a policy so that the spread of Covid-19 can be overcome. One of the policies made by the Indonesian government is the implementation of PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restrictions) in several affected areas. The impact of the application is none other than attacking various sectors of life, especially on the speed of state finances which are experiencing a decline. Therefore, the presence of the New Normal as a post-PSBB transition is used as an "opening door" for the tourism sector in helping to stabilize state finances. Because the tourism sector is one of the mainstays in generating foreign exchange. Therefore, in this paper, two formulations of the problem are taken, namely First, what is the role of the tourism sector in stabilizing state finances? Second, what is the strategy carried out by the government in opening a new normal as a post-PSSB transition in the tourism sector? The research method in this writing is done by using normative juridical research. The purpose of this paper is to find out the role of the tourism sector in stabilizing state finances in the Covid-19 era.Keywords: New Normal; State Finance; Tourism Sector AbstrakSebagai negara yang terkena dampak pandemi Covid-19, menjadi catatan khusus bagi pemerintah Indonesia untuk membuat kebijakan agar penyebaran Covid-19 dapat teratasi. Salah satu kebijakan yang dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia adalah pemberlakuan PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar) di beberapa daerah terdampak. Dampak dari penerapan tersebut tak lain menyerang berbagai sektor kehidupan, terutama pada kecepatan keuangan negara yang sedang mengalami penurunan. Oleh karena itu, kehadiran New Normal sebagai transisi pasca PSBB dijadikan sebagai “pintu pembuka” bagi sektor pariwisata dalam membantu menstabilkan keuangan negara. Pasalnya, sektor pariwisata merupakan salah satu andalan dalam menghasilkan devisa negara. Oleh karena itu, dalam tulisan ini diambil dua rumusan masalah yaitu Pertama, apa peran sektor pariwisata dalam menstabilkan keuangan negara? Kedua, bagaimana strategi yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam membuka new normal sebagai transisi pasca PSSB di sektor pariwisata? Metode penelitian dalam penulisan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran sektor pariwisata dalam menstabilkan keuangan negara di era Covid-19.Kata Kunci: New Normal; Keuangan Negara; Sektor Pariwisata

Legal Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers Affected by Covid-19 Nur Putri Hidayah; Komariah Komariah; Fitria Esfandiari; Abdul Kadir Jaelani
Jurnal Cita Hukum Vol 10, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jch.v10i1.24156

Covid-19 has interrupted the fulfillment of Indonesian migrant workers’ rights, while the State has promulgated Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation and revised Law Number 18/2017 concerning Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers. This research aims to find out how protection and law reinforcement are given to Indonesian migrant workers by the state during the pandemic according to Law Number 18/2017 in conjunction with Law Number 11/2020. This research employed a normative method and a statutory approach. The research results have revealed that according to Law Number 18/2017, the protection given to the migrants only took repatriation, and another form of protection is still deemed to be not optimal since it did not take the engagement of roles of the companies sending Indonesian migrants. Moreover, pursuant to Law Number 11/2020, there is no reinforcement implied since the changes taking place are likely to ease administrative measures, contrary to the fact that strict permits could reduce the likelihood of illegal and non-procedural placement of migrant workers. This issue affects the fulfillment of the rights of Indonesian migrant workers, especially during the pandemic. Thus, it is essential that the state reinforce the protection given to Indonesian migrant workers during the pandemic by reinforcing legal protection every company providing labor placement service has to take into account and by imposing administrative measures as sanctions or sentencing in case of failing to abide by regulations. Moreover, permit issuance to the companies running labor placement services for Indonesian migrants has to be made stricter to ensure that only credible companies pass the requirement of migrant placement services, allowing the status of the rights of Indonesian migrant workers to be properly met amidst the pandemic. Keywords: legal protection; Indonesian migrant workers; COVID-19 Perlindungan Hukum Buruh Migran Indonesia yang Terdampak Covid-19AbstrakCovid-19 telah mengganggu pemenuhan hak-hak pekerja migran Indonesia, sedangkan negara telah menerbitkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja dan merevisi Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 tentang Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perlindungan dan penguatan hukum yang diberikan negara kepada pekerja migran Indonesia di masa pandemi menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 18/2017 jo Undang-Undang Nomor 11/2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 perlindungan yang diberikan kepada TKI hanya berupa pemulangan, dan bentuk perlindungan lainnya masih dirasa belum optimal karena tidak melibatkan peran perusahaan pengirim TKI. Apalagi, menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 11/2020, tidak ada penguatan yang tersirat karena perubahan yang terjadi cenderung memudahkan tindakan administratif, padahal izin yang ketat dapat mengurangi kemungkinan penempatan pekerja migran ilegal dan non-prosedural. Isu ini berdampak pada pemenuhan hak-hak pekerja migran Indonesia, terutama di masa pandemi. Oleh karena itu, negara perlu memperkuat perlindungan kepada TKI di masa pandemi dengan memperkuat perlindungan hukum yang harus diperhatikan oleh setiap perusahaan penyedia jasa penempatan tenaga kerja dan dengan memberikan tindakan administratif berupa sanksi atau hukuman jika tidak mematuhi peraturan.Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum; Pekerja Migran Indonesia; COVID-19. Правовая Защита Индонезийских Трудовых Мигрантов, Пострадавших от Covid-19 АннотацияCovid-19 помешал осуществлению прав индонезийских трудовых мигрантов, в то время как государство обнародовало Закон № 11 от 2020 г. о создании рабочих мест и пересмотрело Закон № 18/2017 о защите индонезийских трудовых мигрантов. Цель этого исследования - выяснить, каким образом государство обеспечивает защиту и укрепление законодательства индонезийским трудовым мигрантам во время пандемии в соответствии с Законом № 18/2017 в сочетании с Законом № 11/2020. В этом исследовании использовался нормативный метод и законодательный подход. Результаты исследования показали, что в соответствии с Законом № 18 от 2017 г. защита, предоставляемая TKI (Индонезийским трудовым мигрантам), предусматривает только репатриацию, а другая форма защиты по-прежнему считается неоптимальной, поскольку она не предполагает участия компаний, отправляющих индонезийских трудовых мигрантов. Более того, в соответствии с Законом № 11/2020 не подразумевается никакого усиления, поскольку происходящие изменения, вероятно, облегчат административные меры, вопреки тому факту, что строгие разрешения могут снизить вероятность незаконного и непроцессуального размещения трудовых мигрантов. Эта проблема влияет на соблюдение прав индонезийских трудовых мигрантов, особенно во время пандемии. Таким образом, важно, чтобы государство усилило защиту, предоставляемую индонезийским трудовым мигрантам во время пандемии, усилив правовую защиту, которую должна учитывать каждая компания, предоставляющая услуги по трудоустройству, и путем введения административных мер в виде санкций или наказания в случае несоблюдения правил. Кроме того, необходимо ужесточить выдачу разрешений компаниям, предоставляющим услуги по трудоустройству индонезийских трудовых мигрантов, чтобы гарантировать, что только заслуживающие доверия компании удовлетворяют требованиям служб трудоустройства трудовых мигрантов, что позволит должным образом соблюдать статус прав TKI в условиях пандемии.Ключевые слова: Правовая защита; Индонезийские трудовые мигранты; COVID-19.

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