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Performan Domba Lokal Jantan yang Diberikan Ransum Mengandung Pelepah Nipah Hasil Biofermentasi Suryadi Suryadi; Farizaldi Farizaldi; Afdal Afdal
Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol 22, No 1 (2022): Februari
Publisher : Universitas Batanghari Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33087/jiubj.v22i1.1896

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of biofermented nipah fronds as a substitute for field grass on the performance of local male sheep. Fermented nipah fronds used in rations is the best fermented with a storage time of 15 days. The level of replacement of field grass  with processed nipah palm fronds is 0, 10, 20 and 30 percent. This study used a randomized block design (RAK) with 4 treatments and was repeated 3 times. Treatment rations were arranged based on the body weight of male local sheep. The variables measured were ration consumption, body weight gain and ration conversion. The results showed that ration consumption, body weight gain and ration conversion had no significant effect (P>0.05) due to the replacement treatment of fermented nipah midrib with can field grass. It was concluded that the nipah fronds produced by biofermentation with local microorganisms (MOL) can be used 10 – 30 percent in  the rations as a substitute for field grass without reducing the performance of local male sheep.
Faktor Risiko Asma Pada Murid Sekolah Dasar Usia 6-7 Tahun di Kota Padang Afdal Afdal; Finny Fitry Yani; Darfioes Basir; Rizanda Machmoed
Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas Vol 1, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jka.v1i3.80

Abstract

Abstrak Latar belakang : Asma merupakan penyakit kronik yang sering dijumpai pada anak. Dilaporkan bahwa prevalens asma meningkat pada anak maupun dewasa. Usia 6-7 tahun merupakan periode dimana prevalens asma dan angka kunjungan ke rumah sakit karena asma lebih tinggi. Terjadinya asma dianggap sebagai interaksi yang kompleks antara faktor genetik dan faktor lingkungan. Faktor genetik sudah dibuktikan dari penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya, tetapi karakteristik faktor risiko lingkungan pada asma belum jelas. Apabila melihat derajat peningkatan kejadian asma, tidak mungkin hanya faktor genetik yang berperan, tetapi peran faktor lingkungan justru yang lebih besar. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui prevalens dan faktor risiko asma pada anak SD usia 6-7 tahun di Kota Padang.Metoda : Suatu penelitian cross sectional di 20 SD di Kota Padang pada bulan Juni – November 2009 dengan jumlah sampel 879 orang. Terhadap setiap subjek dilakukan penelitian yaitu pembagian kuisioner ISAAC (international study of asthma and allergies in childhood) untuk orang tua. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi-square untuk variabel katagorik dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Data dianalisis menggunakan peranti lunak komputer.Hasil : Prevalens asma pada murid SD usia 6-7 tahun di Kota Padang berdasarkan kuisioner ISAAC sebesar 8%. Faktor yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap kejadian asma adalah atopi ayah atau ibu, diikuti faktor berat badan lahir dan kebiasaan merokok pada ibu serta pemberian obat parasetamol. Sedangkan pemberian ASI dan kontak dengan unggas merupakan faktor protektif terhadap kejadian asma. Kata kunci: faktor risiko, asma, sekolah dasar Abstract Background: Background Asthma is a common chronic disease in children. It had been reported that the prevalence of asthma in children and adults was increasing. The age of 6-7 years is the period where the prevalence and the number of visits to the hospital because of asthma are higher. The occurrence of asthma is considered as a complex interaction between genetic factors and environmental factors. Genetic factors have been proved to be the risk factor for asthma, but not for the characteristic of environmental that factors that were still unclear. If seeing the increased incidence of asthma, genetic factors might not play a role solely, but the environmental factors might play moreObjective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the risk factors of asthma in elementary school children aged 6-7 years in Padang.Methods This research is cross sectional study in 20 elementary schools in Padang during June until November 2009, total sample of 879 students. To each respondent the ISAAC (international study of asthma and allergies in childhood) questionnaire was given to be fulfilled. Data were analyzed using computer software. Results The prevalence of asthma in elementary school students aged 6-7 years in Padang based on ISAAC questionnaire was 8%. The most dominant factor influencing the incidence of asthma is atopic in father or mother, followed by factors of birth weight and maternal smoking habits and drug administration of paracetamol, while breastfeeding and poultry contact were protective factors. Keywords:risk factors, asthma, elementary school
Neglected-Noncompliant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with Complications Afdal Afdal; Eka Agustia Rini
Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jka.v1i2.61

Abstract

AbstrakDiabetes mellitus (DM) tipe 1 merupakan kelainan sistemik akibat terjadinya gangguan metabolisme glukosayang ditandai oleh hiperglikemia kronis. Keadaan ini disebabkan oleh proses autoimun yang merusak sel βpankreas sehingga produksi insulin berkurang bahkan terhenti, penderitanya akan memerlukan asupan insulineksogen. Penyakit ini menimbulkan komplikasi kronik sehingga memerlukan manajemen pengobatan yangberkelanjutan dan edukasi pada pasien serta keluarganya. Penyakit yang tidak terkontrol akan menimbulkanberbagai komplikasi metabolisme, gangguan makrovaskular dan mikrovaskular yang menyebabkan penurunankualitas dan harapan hidup penderita.Kata Kunci : Diabetes melitus tipe 1, makrovaskular, mikrovaskularAbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 is a result of the systemic disorder of glucose metabolism disorder characterized bychronic hyperglycemia. This situation is caused by the autoimmune processes that destroy pancreatic β cellsresulting in the production of insulin is reduced even halted, the sufferer will require exogenous insulin intake. Thisraises the complications of chronic disease that requires ongoing medication management and education forpatients and their families. Uncontrolled disease will cause various metabolic complications, macrovascular andmicrovascular disorders that cause loss of quality and life expectancy of the patient.Keywords: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, macrovascular, microvascular
Karakteristik Ibu pada Penderita Abortus dan Tidak Abortus di RS Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2011-2012 Resya I Noer; Ermawati Ermawati; Afdal Afdal
Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jka.v5i3.580

Abstract

AbstrakAbortus adalah berakhirnya kehamilan sebelum janin dapat hidup di luar kandungan dengan batasan kehamilan kurang dari 20 minggu atau berat janin kurang dari 500 gram. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan hubungan usia ibu, usia kehamilan, pekerjaan dan pendidikan terhadap kejadian abortus dan tidak abortus.  Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Populasi adalah rekam medik seluruh ibu hamil yang menjalani rawat inap di bagian Obstetri dan Ginekologi RS Dr. M. Djamil Padang sejak Januari 2011 sampai Desember 2012. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 272 orang yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Data diambil dengan cara melihat data sekunder dari rekam medis pasien dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat uji chi-square pada nilai p < 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa angka kejadian abortus tahun 2011-2012 adalah 5,83%. Ibu yang mengalami abortus lebih banyak berada di kelompok usia dibawah 20 tahun dan diatas 35 tahun, paritas lebih dari 3, pernah mengalami abortus sebelumnya, usia kehamilan kurang dari 12 minggu, tidak bekerja dan pendidikan terakhir SD, SLTP dan SLTA dibandingkan dengan ibu yang tidak mengalami abortus. Uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa usia ibu, usia kehamilan, pekerjaan dan pendidikan memengaruhi terjadinya abortus (p=0,035; p=0,000; p=0,002 dan p=0,043), sedangkan paritas dan riwayat abortus sebelumnya tidak memengaruhi terjadinya abortus (p=0,919 dan p=0,205).Kata kunci: usia ibu, paritas, riwayat abortus, usia kehamilan, pekerjaan ibu, pendidikan ibu, abortus AbstractAbortion is a pregnancy termination before the 20th completed week or weighing less than 500 gram. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of the age, parity, history of previous abortion, gestational age, mother's occupation and education on abortion and without abortion. The design was comparative study with the cross sectional approach. The population was taken from the medical records of all pregnant women who is hospitalized at the Obstetric and Gynaecology Department in Dr. M. Djamil Hospital during during the period January 2011 to December 2012. The total samples of 272 people were taken by multi-stage random sampling. The data were collected from medical records and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with Chi-Square test at p-value < 0,05. The results are the incidence of abortion at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital during the periode January 2011 to December 2012 is 5.83%. Pregnant women with abortion were mostly at the age 20 years and above 35 years, parity more than 3,  had previous abortions, gestational age less than 12 weeks, does not work and elementary school, junior and senior high as their latest education compared to pregnant women without abortion. Statistical test results showed that  maternal age, gestational age, occupation and education can affect the insidence of abortion (p=0.035; p=0.000; p=0.002 dan p=0.043). Parity and history of previous abortion don’t affect the incidence of abortion (p=0.919 dan p=0.205).Keywords:  maternal age, parity, history of previous abortion, gestational age, occupation, education, abortion
Gambaran Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Timbulnya Kejang Demam Berulang pada Pasien yang Berobat di Poliklinik Anak RS. DR. M. Djamil Padang Periode Januari 2010 – Desember 2012 Vivit Erdina Yunita; Afdal Afdal; Iskandar Syarif
Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jka.v5i3.605

Abstract

 AbstrakKejang demam merupakan kejang paling sering pada anak yang kemungkinan berulang. Pengetahuan tentang faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejang demam berulang perlu diketahui demi ketepatan tatalaksana. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat gambaran faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejang demam berulang. Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Jumlah sampel ditentukan dengan total sampling yaitu 40 pasien. Penelitian dilakukan dari Desember 2013 hingga Mei 2014. Data diambil dari berkas rekam medis pasien kejang demam berulang dari Januari 2010 sampai Desember 2012 di Poliklinik Anak RS. Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Variabel dependen adalah kejang demam berulang sedangkan variabel independen terdiri dari usia kejang demam pertama, jenis kelamin, riwayat kejang demam keluarga, riwayat epilepsi keluarga, dan tipe kejang demam pertama. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan program komputer. Kejang demam berulang lebih banyak terjadi pada pasien yang kejang demam pertama pada usia 11 – 20 bulan (47,5%), pasien perempuan (62,5%), pasien dengan riwayat kejang demam keluarga (72,5%), pasien tanpa riwayat epilepsi keluarga (97,5%), dan kejang demam sederhana pada bangkitan kejang demam pertama (60%). Sebagian besar kejang demam berulang terjadi pada pasien yang berusia 11 – 20 bulan ketika kejang demam pertama, berjenis kelamin perempuan, memiliki riwayat kejang demam keluarga, tidak memiliki riwayat epilepsi keluarga, atau kejang demam sederhana pada bangkitan kejang demam pertama.Kata kunci: faktor yang berhubungan, kejang demam berulang AbstractRecurrent  febrile seizure is the most common seizure in young children.  Although having good prognosis, it is very frightening for parents. Knowledge about recurrent febrile seizure is important to determine accuracy of treatment. The objective of this study was to describe knowledge about recurrent febrile seizures related to descriptive features. This descriptive cross sectional study was done in M. Djamil General Hospital by using medical record of recurrent febrile seizure from January 2010 to December 2012. Sample was  40 patients. Data was taken from 2013 December to 2014 May. Recurrent febrile seizures are dependent variable meanwhile age of initial seizure, sex, family febrile seizure history, family epilepsy history, and type of initial febrile seizure are independent variables. Collected data was proceed by using computer program.  It was found that most patients who develop recurrent febrile seizures had their first attack in age of 11 – 20 months old (47.5%), female sex (62.5%), had febrile seizure family history (72.5%), had no epilepsy family history (97.5%), and had simple febrile seizure on their first attack (60%). Most recurrent febrile seizure occur in 11 – 20 months old in age, female in gender, having family febrile seizure history, having no family epilepsy history, or had simple febrile seizure as the first attack.              Keywords: descriptive features, recurrent febrile seizure
ANALISIS PENCEMARAN DANAU MANINJAU DARI NILAI TDS DAN KONDUKTIVITAS LISTRIK Indah Arlindia; Afdal Afdal
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 4, No 4: Oktober 2015
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (450.546 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.4.4.%p.2015

Abstract

ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian untuk menentukan tingkat pencemaran Danau Maninjau berdasarkan nilai total dissolved solid (TDS) dan nilai konduktivitas listrik (EC) yang dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2015. Air Danau Maninjau diwakili oleh empat lokasi yaitu di sekitar lokasi karamba, sekitar lokasi pemukiman, sekitar daerah wisata dan sekitar area hutan. Sampel air untuk sekitar lokasi pemukiman, sekitar daerah wisata dan sekitar area hutan diambil di 5 titik, sedangkan di sekitar lokasi karamba diambil pada 6 titik. Jarak pengambilan sampel untuk setiap titik pada lokasi sekitar karamba dan pemukiman adalah 800 m, sedangkan pada sekitar daerah wisata dan area hutan diambil dengan jarak 1 km. Nilai TDS ditentukan menggunakan metode gravimetry dan nilai EC diukur dengan conductivity meter. Nilai rata-rata total TDS yang diperoleh adalah 734,1 mg/l, lebih tinggi daripada nilai tahun 2007 yaitu 115,83 mg/l. Sumber padatan terlarut yang meningkatkan nilai TDS kemungkinan adalah sisa kegiatan karamba jaring apung yaitu sisa pakan dan sisa metabolisme ikan. Nilai rata-rata total EC di Danau Maninjau adalah 89,2 μS/cm. Terlihat hubungan yang cenderung linear antara TDS dan EC.Kata kunci : total dissolved solid, konduktivitas listrik, gravimetryAbstractAnalysis of Lake Maninjau pollution based on total dissolved solid (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) values had been studied on Mei 2015. The water of Lake Maninjau was represented by four locations, they were around the cage, the habition, the tourism area and the forest area. The sample of water for the each location was taken five spots, while around the cage was taken for six spots. The distance of sample taking for each spot at around the cage and the habition was 800 metres, while around the tourism area and the forest area were taken by 1 kilometres. The value of TDS was determined by using gravimetry method and the value of EC was measured by conductivity meter. The total average value of TDS at Lake Maninjau is higher than the study before that 734.1 mg/l. The dissolved solid source probably are residual of floatable net cage activity such as residual of pellet and the fish’s metabolism. The total average value of EC at Lake Maninjau is 89.2 μS/cm.TDS and EC value shows a linear trend, although the correlation coefficient value is low.  Keywords:Total Dissolved Solid, Electrical Conductivity, gravimetry
PENERAPAN KONSEP HUKUM BERNOULLI UNTUK MENGATASI KRISIS AIR PADA KELOMPOK TANI PADI JORONG BATU GADANG DI KENAGARIAN KATIALO KABUPATEN SOLOK, SUMATERA BARAT Marzuki Marzuki; Ahmad Fauzi Pohan; Afdal Afdal; Trengginas Eka Putra Sutantyo
Jurnal Hilirisasi IPTEKS Vol 4 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jhi.v4i1.486

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This activity aims to apply Bernoulli's law to the piping system in the hydrant pump to meet the needs of residents in bathing, washing, and irrigating the fields. The activity begins with conducting a site review survey, counseling and determining the location of pump placement, making pumps and towers, and lifting pumps and towers to the location. Then the activities at the location are divided into several parts, including the manufacture of civil and mechanical pump systems and testing the success of the pump system. This activity carried out the manufacture of hydrant pumps by installing pipes using Bernoulli's law to meet the needs of the residents of Jorong Batu Gadang, totaling 30 families and irrigating rice fields covering an area of 78 ha, which are rainfed rice fields. The results of the activities carried out at Nagari Katialo, Jorong Batu Gadang in applying the concept of Bernoulli's Law to the piping system at the hydrant pump made water faster to reach the highest point of the piping system that had been made. As for the difference in height between the position of the pump and the water level in the reservoir (tank) of 30 meters, the flow of water rising to the tank is 2 liters/second. The people of Jorong Katialo can already enjoy the water stored in the reservoir. The success of this pump system is shown from less than 10 minutes of testing the water successfully to the water reservoir above the tower with a height difference of 30 meters from the placement of the hydrant pump.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP ZINC DAN PEMBERIAN ZINC KEPADA SISWA SD BUSTANUL ULUM PADANG Siti Nurhajjah; Nur Afrinin Syah; Afdal Afdal; Dewi Rusnita; Tofrizal Tofrizal; Dwisari Dillasamola; Desmawati Desmawati
BULETIN ILMIAH NAGARI MEMBANGUN Vol 4 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : LPPM (Institute for Research and Community Services) Universitas Andalas Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/bina.v4i1.288

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Zinc is an essential micronutrient in the human body as a cofactor of about 300 enzymes. Zinc is very instrumental in the growth process, including maintaining the thymus so that atrophy is not fast. Zinc deficiency can affect the immune system. Zinc deficiency can be caused due to a lack of zinc intake. In theory, many factors affect zinc intake, among others, community knowledge, education, economy, diet, habits, and customs. Lambung Bukit Village is a fostered village of Andalas University. Most people in this village are classified as economically deficient because the community generally farms. The level of public knowledge about zinc is still lacking. This service aims to increase public knowledge of the importance of zinc on body health and the provision of zinc supplements to prevent zinc deficiency and is expected to reduce morbidity and mortality due to infection in children. This activity has been carried out at Bustanul Ulum Elementary School in Batu Busuk Village, Lambung Bukit Village, Pauh District, Padang City. Counseling conducted to 48 people (parents of students and teachers). Almost all parents' knowledge is lacking about zinc, the role, source of zinc, and its relation to several diseases. We hope this counseling can increase public knowledge about the importance of zinc on the body, mainly to prevent susceptibility to infections and any food sources that contain zinc. The results of a health examination by pediatricians found two students suffering from Congenital Heart Disease (CHD), poor oral hygiene, and many teeth carious students. Giving zinc syrup to children aged 7-10 years is expected to prevent zinc deficiency in children.
Analisis Laju Reaksi Neutron Dalam Sel Bahan Bakar Nuklir Pada Reaktor Cepat Reni Martha; Mohamad Ali Shafii; Afdal Afdal
Jurnal Ilmu Fisika (JIF) Vol 8 No 2 (2016): September 2016
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jif.8.2.70-77.2016

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Analisis laju reaksi neutron dalam sel bahan bakar nuklir pada reaktor cepat sangat penting dilakukan, karena laju reaksi fisi, serapan dan total yang merata dapat mengurangi pemuncakan daya (power peaking) yang tidak diinginkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode collision probability (CP) dengan pendekatan flat flux yang melibatkan proses homogenisasi sel bahan bakar nuklir. Dari hasil homogenisasi sel dapat diperoleh distribusi fluks neutron sebagai fungsi energi grup. Selanjutnya dihitung laju reaksi fisi, serapan dan total pada setiap region sel. Laju reaksi fisi mengalami penurunan di daerah energi tinggi akibat adanya peristiwa tumbukan elastik yang menyebabkan neutron lebih mudah kehilangan energy. Laju reaksi serapan berfluktuasi pada bahan bakar, sedangkan pada kelongsong dan pendingin nilainya sangat rendah yaitu kurang dari reaksi/cm3s. Laju reaksi total mempunyai nilai yang tinggi pada daerah energi tinggi yaitu rentang antara   sampai dengan  reaksi/cm3s sedangkan pada daerah energi rendah nilainya sangat kecil yaitu kurang dari  reaksi/cm3s. Kata kunci : fluks neutron, laju reaksi, reaktor cepat
Program Handsanitizer dan Masker Kain Gratis bagi Masyarakat Kurang Mampu di Sekitar Kampus Universitas Andalas dalam Rangka Mencegah Penularan COVID-19 Afdal Afdal; Marzuki Marzuki; Muldarisnur Muldarisnur; Ardian Putra; Trengginas Eka Putra Sutantyo; Dwi Pujiastuti; Mutya Vonnisa; Fadilla Monica; Yoci Darwita Putri; Sucy Lestari Wirma; Novia Dwi Agusri; Eldiani Arifya
Warta Pengabdian Andalas Vol 27 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LPPM) Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jwa.27.2.95-103.2020

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COVID-19 has become a terrifying thing for everyone. The government has made several decisions to prevent the spread of this disease, such as the program of physical distancing where economic, educational, entertainment, social, and even religious activities are requested to be carried out at home. The physical distancing policy also has a negative impact. This program results in reduced community mobility and a sluggish economy. Many people working in the informal sector with a daily income are experiencing difficulties. They struggle to meet their daily needs, especially buying face masks and hand sanitizers. This problem has inspired our community service team at the Department of Physics FMIPA Andalas University, West Sumatra (Indonesia), to make a program to overcome this problem by distributing 400 pieces of cloth masks and 120 bottles of hand sanitizer accessible to the public. This activity was very beneficial for the community, shown by their enthusiasm when the stock of cloth masks and hand sanitizers was gone in one hour. Most people do not use masks in outdoor activities, not because they do not want to wear them, but because of economic constraints. There is a need that is more important than a mask. To prevent the spread of COVID-19, especially to the poor, the government must provide them with free masks.