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PRAKTEK PEMBUATAN JEMBATAN KAYU BULAT SEDERHANA DI BEBERAPA KONSESI HUTAN DI KALIMANTAN Djaban Tinambunan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 8, No 2 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.8.2.70 — 76

An investigation on simple log bridge construction practices was carried out in five forest concession areas scattering in West, Central and South Kalimantan from 1987 to 1989. The purpose is to find current practices, the amount of log/ wood used and problems faced in constructing simple log bridges.It is obvious in the field that government guidance in planning, construction and maintenance of log bridges is still far from satisfaction. It is common to see that (I) the variation in bridge construction is large; (2) bridges are built to the strength far higher than required; (3) too many logs are used in bridge construction; (4) problems Of soil erosion around and under bridges are quite serious; (5) bridges are loaded with unnecessary heavy dirt and/ or gravel which may reduce the effective supporting capacity of stringers; and (6) quite often the bridge was washed out due to low construction.Effective guidance from the government in forest bridge planning, construction and maintenance is strongly needed in order to reduce excessive use of natural resources (logs), to maintain proper bridge function for longer period, and to minimize environmental disturbances. For this purpose, the invo!vement of civil engineers in handling various forest engineering problems and pacing of research activities are urgently needed.

IDENTIFIKASI PERMASALAl{AN YANG DIHADAPI DEWASA INI DALAM PEMANENAN RUTAN DI LUAR JAWA Djaban Tinambunan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 8, No 3 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.8.3.88 - 94

An observation on variousproblems faced by lolflnf companies In practicing timber harunti"6 in their areas was conducted in seven conceaionaires scattered from Sumatra to Irian Jaya in 1989.It ia found that loaf"I companies are (acing many problems in almost all aspects of timber ha"1estingoperations such as In general iuue, planning. roading, utraction, training, and reaearchand development. The m~n source of the problem ia the condition where loggingcompanies do not adapt their technologies to the current technological develop- ment and ifeld eor ?ffinna. For er,,;,._ lnfllt time all loggingcompanies have sticked to the traditional tractor'loggi111 system without considering its suitability to specific local conditions. Alao almost all regulationsabout timber harvestingare.still the same as thpse in early 1910'• and there ia no competent'institution available.,or analyzing various aspects of timber harvating. All of thae ~ause the use ofatatic technology in the middle of many draaticchanges, technology development and working conditionAs the result, it ia noticed in the field that the efficiency of loggingoperations ia low. the rate of loaillf waste ia high,and the environmental diaturbance ia alarming. All of thaee problems need aerious attention both from the govemment and private secto1'8.

PRAKTEK PEMBUATAN PRASARANA ANGKUTAN DI AREAL HUTAN RAWA SUMATRA SELATAN (The practice of in'(rastructure. construction in swamp forest areas of -South Sumatra) Djaban Tinambunan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 8, No 2 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.8.2.42 -48

A atucly of the practice of in(rastiucture (railroads)construction in wamp forest areasof South Sumatra was carried out in 1989. The intention is to find various aspects of field operations in that specific area and their poaible con- aequencea.It ill found that aupports of rails in swamp forest areas are consisted of either 4 or 5 layers of logs. In constructing those railroads, logs used vary from 140 to 177 cu.m/km with an averageof 166 cu.m/km. Including the value of this material into calculationgives the total construction cost of railroadto the amount of around Rp 16.5 million per km.Soil diatyrbance iB found to be minimal due to narrow railroadclearingand /'lat topography. Problema identified in the field are the uceaive use of logs for railroad construction and large amount of othe- logs scattered and abandon- ed around railroadsand manual skidding (kuda-kuda) roads. It seems that there is a strong need for the government and conceaionaires to seriously pay attention and create better instructions and actions in managingthose valuable swamp (orats on a sustainable basis.

INTENSITAS PEMBUKAAN WILAYAH HUTAN DAN EKSTRAKSI KAYU DALAM PENGUSAHAAN HUTAN ALAM DI LUARJAWA Djaban Tinambunan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 9, No 6 (1991): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1991.9.6.251-256

An investigation of forest infrastructure and wood extraclion intensilies was conducted in 10 logging componies in dry land forests and olver 10 logging companies in swamp forests outside Java from 1989 to 1991.For dry land forests, it is found that average values of road density (combined main and ranck roads) is 13 mlha, commercial wood valume available for harvesting is 56 cu.mlha, and the realizalion of wood extraclion is 41 cu.mlha. An amount of commercial volume left unutilized in the forest (wood Waste) ir 15 cu.mlha. While in swamp forats, lhose figures are consecutively 11 mlha, 43 cu.mlha, 32.cu.mlha and 11 cu.mllta. Staitstctllly, all the above valuts of dry and swamp forests are not significanly different.The above facts imply shat, nationwide, the high level of commercial wood waste does occur. Our estimale shows thet the figure could reach at least 3.7 million cu.m per year.efforts need to be done by all parties concmed to reduce shat waste to the minimum level.

PENGUSAHAAN NIPAH DAN PERMASALAHANNYA Djaban Tinambunan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 10, No 6 (1992): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1992.10.6.227-234

A general investigation of thatch palm utilization in South Sumatra, Lampung and West Kalimantan had been conducted in 1991. The resuti and the very limited publications available show that the accurate area, distriburion and potential of thatch palm forests in Indonesia are not known yet. The traditional use of thatch palm leaves for making roof has been know for a long time but it is still without any improvement. while the utilization of the palm for various commercial products is new and, therefore, many of its aspects have not been known yet. It is now realized that all of the palm portions such. as leaf, stem, fruit and juice can be used for certain products with relatively high economical values.lt is noticed that in business of thatch palm utilization industry in Indonesia, several constraisus are commonly faced such as the lack of data of the palm area, distribution and potential, the unclear institution responsible for the commodity, the long procedure of gelling the permit for managing lhatch palm, the difficult condition of thatch palm field and lack of infrastructure, the lack of skilled labor, technology, environmental information, the lack of socio- economical analysis, the difficulty in getting fund, and the lack of real support from the government.Further research on various aspects of thatch palm utilization and development are necessary in order to provide scientific information to be used by interested parties so that the rote of the commodity in improving the general life of local community and increasing government earning can be realized.

KAJIAN TEKNIS PRAKTEK UJI COBA SISTEM TEBANG JALUR DAN TANAM INDONESIA Djaban Tinambunan; Sri Sutopo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 13, No 6 (1995): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1995.13.6.222-230

The investigation of three concessionaires in Kalimantan practicing the trial of Indonesian Strip Cutting and Planting System was conducted in 1994. All the companies are in the early stage of the trial and, therefore, the focus of investigation is limited to trial preparation and timber harvesting with the aim of describing the real practices and various problems faced in the field.It is found that the productivity of each activity in preparation and timber harvesting in the Indonesian Strip Curing and Planting System (A) is lower than those in the Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting System (B). The comparison of several productivities are as follows : (I) Felling: 47 cu. m/day forA and 85 cu. m/day for B: (2) Skidding : 37 cu.m/day for A and 85 cu.m/day for B; (3) Loading-unloading : 55 cu.m/day for A and 150 cu.m/day for B; (4) Hauling :. 50 cu.m/trip forA and 64 cu.m/trip for B. The above figures and observation in the field lead to the notion of several problems faced such as : (1) in matching the required strip direction and real field condition ; (3) improper skill of workers; (4) unsuitable wage system; (5) inability to utilize the small diameter logs; (6) too large cable used for skidding; (7) too large log clamp available on loader tractor: (8) difficulty in handling small diameter logs onto logging truck; and (9) high percentage of land area disturbed due to large equipment and strip width limitation.The trial is still in the early stage and the information is very limited and therefore, further investigations is strongly recommended to cover more locations and aspects so that the final results can be used by the authority to make sound conclusions in selecting the final arrangement of the Indonesian Strip Cutting and Planting System.

PRAKTEK PEMBUATAN JALAN HUTAN DAN PERMASALAHANNYA DI DAERAH PROPINSI JAMBI Djaban Tinambunan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 9, No 4 (1991): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

An obseroation on road construction practice and its problems in two logging company areas in Jambi Province was conducted in 1990. The spcific playeical condition of the area observed is quite light and, therefore, the coat of road construction is low at Rp 5.84 million/km main road grading.Road densities are 5. 3 m/ha in the first and 11.2 m/ha in the second company area. For these roads. land area used amounts to 111.2'4 ha from the total of 19,940 ha logged-over. area or 0.56% in the first and 401.70 ha from the area of 35,021 ha logged-over area or 1.15% in the second company. The ratio of road length to log volume extracted are 0.21 m/cu.m in the first and 6.69 m/cu.m in the second company.The rate of natural vegetation growth along forest roads is quite high which is very helpful in retarding soil erosion potential of the roads.

KESESUAIAN ALAT DAN MESIN UNTUK PENGUSAHAAN HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI Sri Sutopo; Djaban Tinambunan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 13, No 1 (1995): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Several short investigations have been conducted lo find the suitability of equipment and machine used in foreste estate operations. Original condition of land, soil cultivation practices, and the productivity of various equipment were also collected.The areas used for linber estate are usually alang-alang grassland with the alang-alang densitv of around two million stems/ha, the average slope of 8%, consited of red yellow to red brown podsolik soils. the soil is plowed twice hy using disc plow of 70 cm diameter with the plowing depth of 20-30 cm. and then harrowed by using disc harrow of 46 cm diameter with the harrowing depth of 15-20 cm.The efective power used for plowing is around 25 HP and for harrowing is around 19 HP. Therefore the engine power required (with 50% efficiency) is around 50 HP. For harrowing with this level of power, the harrow can be extended up 10 4.8 m wide to increase power efficiency,Felling productivities by using chainsaw and feller-buncher are 7.096 and 7. 708 m3/hour, respectivelv, The difference between these two figures is not significant. While the skidding productivities by using tractor (140 HP) and feller-buncher are 4.929 and 5.140 m3/hour, respectively, The difference between this two figures is highly significant.Tge relationship between the power of tractor and productivity is linear with higher productivity when the power is larger. Other result shows that the tractor used are mostly too large and, therefore, need the modification of plow and harrow combinations.

PERKEMBANGAN KEADAAN JALAN HUTAN MENURUT WAKTU DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN POTENSI EROSI TANAH Djaban Tinambunan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 7, No 3 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

An investigation of the development of forest road condition in relation to soil erosion potential was carried out at four logging companies in South Kalimantan in 1989 to find the potential of forest roads in erosion processes after constructed and continually used, or abandoned for various years. The condition of road elements especially those related to factors stated in the Universal Soil Loss Equation were recorded and, based on this information, the category of specific roads in erosion potentials was decided subjectively to either one of very small, small, medium, rather large, and large. From the results, the following conclusions may be withdrawn:In general, erosion potentials of forest roads is decreased with time due to the growth of various vegetation and the process of natural soil stabilization.For continually used main roads, erosion potentials after about 2 years are still rather large to large; after 3-6 years are medium; and beyond 6 yers are very small to small. If main roads are totally abandoned, erosion potentials after left around one year are rather large; after 2-3 years are small to medium; and beyond 3 years are very small.For branch roads, erosion potentials for those abandoned up to one year are rather large to large; abandoned 2 - 3 years are medium to rather large; beyond 3 years are very small to small. For skidding roads that constructed by clearing vegetation only or vegetation, litter and top soils all together, when abandoned one year or more, they were densely couered by vegetation and for litter and, therefore, their erosion potentials are very small to small. Erosion potential tendency for skidding roads constructed by soil cutting and filling is almost the same as that in branch roads.Logging company practices outside Java showed that they are lacking in the knowledge of soil erosion, soil stability, drainage structures, and using vegetation for covering soil surfaces, all of which are important in minimizing environmental disturbances due to road construction activities.

PRODUKTIVITAS DAN BIAYA PENYARADAN KAYU DENGAN GAJAH DI SUATU PERUSAHAAN HUTAN DI RIAU Dulsalam Dulsalam; Maman M Idris; Djaban Tinambunan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 16, No 5 (1999): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Penelitian produktivitas penyaradan kayu dengan gajah ini dlakukan di suatu perusahaan hutan di Riau pada tahun I997. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui produktivitas dan biaya penyaradan kayu dengan gajah. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah memperoleh informasi teknis dan ekonomis mengenai penyaradan kayu dengan gajah. Informasi ini dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan acuan bagi para pengelola hutan dalam merencanakan penyaradan kayu dengan gajah. Data waktu kerja penyaradan, jarak sarad dan volume kayu yang disarad, harga gajah, biaya perawatan gajah dikumpulkan.Gajah liar yang telah dijinakkan dapat digunakan untuk kepentingan pengelolaan hutan misalnya untuk melakukan kegiatan penyaradan kayu. Volume kayu yang disarad pada penyaradan kayu dengan gajah tanpa alat bantu berkisar antara 0,163 - 0,563 m3/rit dengan rata-rata 0,322 m3/rit sedangkan volume kayu yang disarad dengan alat bantu berkisar antara 0,154- 0,519 m3/rit dengan rata-rata 0.320 m3/rit. Jarak sarad pada penyaradan kayu dengan gajah tanpa alat bantu berkisar antara 80-235 m dengan rata-rata 161 m, sedangkan jarak tersebut dengan alat bantu berkisar antara 70-235 m dengan rata·rata 160 m. Waktu kerja keseluruhan dalam penyaradan kayu dengan gajah tanpa alat bantu berkisar antara 6-29 menit (0,10 - 0,48 jam)per rit dengan rata-rata 16 menit (0,27 jam) per rit sedangkan waktu kerja tersebut dengan alat bantu berkisar antara 3,10-14,08 menit ( 0,05-0,40 jam) per rit dengan rata-rata 10,28 menit (0,17 jam) per rit. Produktivitas penyaradan kayu dengan gajah tanpa alat bantu berkisar antara 0,969-4,132 m3-hm/jam dengan rata-rata 1,972 m3-hm/jam ,sedangkan produktivitas penyaradan tersebut dengan alat bantu berkisar antara 1,260 - 5.112 m3hm/jam dengan rata 3,099 m3-hm/jam. Biaya penyaradan kayu dengan gajah tanpa alat bantu berkisar antara Rp 1.334- Rp 5.732 /m3-hm dengan rata-rata Rp 3.232/m3-hm sedangkan biaya penyaradan tersebut dengan alat bantu berkisar antara Rp 1.159-Rp 4.702/m3-hm dengan rata-rata Rp 2.201 /m3-hm. Disarankan volume kayu yang disarad tidak lebih dari 0,5 m3 per rit dan jarak sarad tidak lebih dari 300 m.

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