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Synthesis Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) from Rice Straw (Oryza Sativa L.) Waste Masrullita Masrullita; Rizka Nurlaila; Zulmiardi Zulmiardi; Ferri Safriwardy; Auliani Auliani; Meriatna Meriatna
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology Vol 2, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Master Program of Information Technology, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh Utara, Indonesia

Rice straw is one of material containing cellulose to produce Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC). CMC is a non toxic polysaccharide that produces from cellulose that widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, textile, detergent, and cosmetic products industries. There are two stages usually use to produce CMC which are mercerization and esterification processes. Rice straw waste is one of the materials to produce CMC, it has a cellulose content of 37.7%, hemi-cellulose 21.99%, and lignin 16.62 %. BPS Aceh shown that the total rice harvested area was 310.01 hectares, with a total production of 1.71 million tons, and rice produced at 982.57 thousand ton. This study aims to reduce waste and environmental pollution caused by rice straw and collects information of rice straw as a basic material to produce of carboxymethyl cellulose and to increase the economic value of rice straw. The effects of various wieght parameters sodium monochloroacetate on chemical properties of CMC that produce from rice straw were investigated in this research. Rice straw was collected from a rice field in Nisam, North Aceh. The research conducted by synthesizing 5 grams rice straw for 5.5 hours using NaOH and Sodium Monochloroacetate solutions. With variations weight of sodium monochloroacetate are 5,6,7,8 and 9 grams. The characterization of CMC was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), CMC yield, DS, Viscosity, water content, pH. The result shows that addition of sodium monochloroacetate was significant factors influence the chemical properties on CMC. The CMC that produced in this study achieved to National Indonesia Standard (SNI).

Application of Pisang Awak Bunch-Derived Heterogenous Base Catalyst in Transesterification of Palm Oil into Biodiesel Meriatna Meriatna; Zulmiardi Zulmiardi; Suryati Suryati; Sulhatun Sulhatun; Zukhrufi Dina Nasution; Rahmadhani Rahmadhani
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology Vol 2, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Master Program of Information Technology, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh Utara, Indonesia

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel machine comprosied of alkyl monoesters deriving from vegetable oils or animal fats. Cooking oil is an oil originated from vegetable or animal fat which has been priorly purified, where it appears in liquid form at room temperature and is usually used to fry food ingredients. Heterogenous catalyst is a catalyst present in different phase with the reagent in a reaction it catalyzes. Kalium content in banana in a banana bunch is sufficiently high reaching 94.4%. The aim of this study was to utilize banana bunch which has been priorly ashed using furnace at 700°C for 4 hours, thereafter, applied as a heterogenous catalyst in a the preparation process of biodiesel from cooking oil. Processing variables investigated in this research included the influences of the number of catalyst (3, 4, 5, 6, and 7%) and molar rasio of oil and methanol (1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, and 1:9) against the properties of produced biodiesel, namely density, viscosity, and water content which later compred with Indonesian standard (SNI). From the study, it was obtained maximum yield of 90.97% with methanol:oil rasio of 1:7 at processing temperature of 60°C with reaction time of 90 minutes and catalyst as much as 3 % w/w. The characteristics of the cooking oil-based biodiesel obtained from the a reaction with oil: methanol rasio of 1:6 and catalyst as much as 3% w/w were density 850 kg/m3 and viscosity 621 mm2/s. This research showed that the obtained biodiesel characteristics had been sufficient according to the SNI, and the use of calcinated banana bunch was very potential in the production of biodiesel acting as solid catalyst person.

Pengaruh Beban Fatik dan Non Fatik Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Impak Baja Karbon st.60 Zulmiardi Zulmiardi
Jurnal Teknika Vol 13, No 2 (2017): Edisi November 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36055/tjst.v13i2.4019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kurva Stress–Number of cycles (S-N Curve) baja pada baja karbon st.60, sehingga dapat diketahui endurance limit dari material tersebut.dan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kekuatan tarik impak material baja karbon pada kondisi fatik dan non fatik serta untuk mengetahui lokasi perpatahan dan bentuk permukaan patah spesimen akibat beban fatik dan impak menggunakan metoda uji tarik impak Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar SHPB) dan alat uji servopulser sebagai alat pemberi beban fatik Melalui alat uji SHPB ini akan diperoleh harga kekuatan tarik impak baja karbon yang sudah dibebani fatik ataupun yang tidak mengalami fatik, sehingga dapat diketahui berapa besar penurunan kekuatan tarik impak baja karbon setelah mengalami fatik.

Pemanfaatan Jerami Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) Sebagai Bahan Baku Dalam Pembuatan CMC (Carboximetil Cellulose) Masrullita Masrullita; Meriatna Meriatna; Zulmiardi Zulmiardi; Ferri Safriwardy; Auliani Auliani; RIZKA NURLAILA
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.69569

Rice straw is a waste from rice plants that contains 37.71% cellulose, 21.99% hemicellulose, and 16.62% lignin. High cellulose content in rice straw can be used as raw material for the manufacture of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC). CMC is a cellulose derivative widely used in food, pharmaceutical, detergent, textile and cosmetic products industries as a thickener, stabilizer of emulsions, or suspensions and bonding. This study aims to process rice straw waste into CMC with variations in sodium monochloroacetate of 5,6,7,8 and 9 grams. The method used in this research is by synthesis using 15% NaOH solvent, with a reaction time of 3.5 hours and 5 grams of rice straw. The results showed that the best CMC was obtained at a concentration of 9 grams of sodium monochloroacete with a yield characterization of 94%, pH 6, water content of 13.39%, degree of substitution (Ds) of 0.80, and viscosity of 1.265 cP.

Pemanfaatan Jerami Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) Sebagai Bahan Baku Dalam Pembuatan CMC (Carboximetil Cellulose) Masrullita Masrullita; Meriatna Meriatna; Zulmiardi Zulmiardi; Ferri Safriwardy; Auliani Auliani; RIZKA NURLAILA
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 15, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.69569

Rice straw is a waste from rice plants that contains 37.71% cellulose, 21.99% hemicellulose, and 16.62% lignin. High cellulose content in rice straw can be used as raw material for the manufacture of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC). CMC is a cellulose derivative widely used in food, pharmaceutical, detergent, textile and cosmetic products industries as a thickener, stabilizer of emulsions, or suspensions and bonding. This study aims to process rice straw waste into CMC with variations in sodium monochloroacetate of 5,6,7,8 and 9 grams. The method used in this research is by synthesis using 15% NaOH solvent, with a reaction time of 3.5 hours and 5 grams of rice straw. The results showed that the best CMC was obtained at a concentration of 9 grams of sodium monochloroacete with a yield characterization of 94%, pH 6, water content of 13.39%, degree of substitution (Ds) of 0.80, and viscosity of 1.265 cP.

PEMBUATAN ZAT EMULSIFIER DARI MINYAK PLIEK U DENGAN KATALIS NaOH Dion Aidil Putra; Meriatna Meriatna; Suryati Suryati; Zulmiardi Zulmiardi
Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal Vol 11, No 1 (2022): Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal - Mei 2022
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/jtku.v11i1.7246

Emulsifier merupakan salah satu produk oleokimia yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi. Emulsifier makanan pada umumnya berbentuk semisolid yang mengandung asam lemak seperti: asam stearate, palmitat dan oleat serta mono dan digliserida. Bahan alternatif yang bisa dijadikan emulsifier adalah minyak pliek u. Minyak pliek u adalah minyak kelapa yang dihasilkan melalui proses fermentasi. Katalis yang dapat digunakan dalam proses pembuatan emulsifier adalah NaOH. Penambahan katalis ini dapat meningkatkan daya kerja gliserol dalam minyak untuk memecahkan asam lemak, mempercepat reaksi, dan menekan terbentuknya kembali digliserida yang kemudian dengan daya dan NaOH yang lebih aktif digliserida dirubah bentuk menjadi monogliserida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gugus fungsi zat emulsifier, pengaruh waktu dan jumlah katalis NaOH dan karakteristik dari zat emulsifier yang diperoleh dari minyak pliek u dengan katalis NaOH menggunakan proses gliserolisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Untuk uji FT-IR terdapat pada bilangan gelombang 3741 cm-1, yang menunjukan adanya gugus O-H. Puncak serapan pada bilangan gelombang 1506 cm-1 dicirikan sebagai vibrasi ulur C-C. Pada bilangan gelombang 1273 cm-1 menunjukan adanya gugus C-N. Pengaruh waktu dan katalis NaOH terhadap zat emulsifier dengan nilai tertinggi berdasarkan hasil uji yield diperoleh pada waktu reaksi 1 jam katalis 4% sebesar 93,73%; bilangan penyabunan nilai penyabunan tertinggi diperoleh waktu reaksi 2,5 jam katalis 4% sebesar 161,41; bilangan asam yang terbaik diperoleh pada waktu reaksi 2,5 jam katalis 8% sebesar 0,35; dan penurunan asam lemak bebas (ALB) tertinggi diperoleh waktu reaksi 2,5 jam katalis 8% sebesar 61,52%.

UJI MEKANIK KOMPOSIT SERAT DAUN NENAS BERMATRIK RESIN GETAH PINUS Zulmiardi Zulmiardi; Muhammad Sayuthi; Ferri Safriwardy; Meriatna Meriatna
Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal Vol 10, No 1 (2021): Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal - Mei 2021
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/jtku.v10i1.4160

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pemakaian serat daun nenas terhadap kekuatan tarik komposit berpenguat resin getah pinus pada kondisi beban tarik optimum untukmenghasilkan kekutan tarik pada masing-masing variasi arah serat acak dan ayaman. Penelitian dilakukan secara kontinyu dengan alat mesin uji tarik Multi Testing Machine (MTM). Variabel yang digunakan serat susunan acak dan anyaman dengan ststandar specimen ASTMD 638-02 tipe 4 dengan dimensi specimen ( p= 110 cm, L = 19 cm, dan tebal t = 5 cm). Pengujian yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini antara lain pengujian tarik berdasarkan susunan laminat acak, anyaman dan photomakro. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penilitian ini, susunan manufaktur yang tepat pada komposit serat nanas dengan susunan laminat acak dengan nilai kekuatan tarik rata-rata sebesar 148.14 MPa, sedangkan untuk susunan anyaman memiliki kekuatan tarik 112.26. Hasil penilitian ini kekuatan tarik optimasi fraksi volume 20%, 30% dan 40% bermatrik resin getah pinus dapat di ketahui bahwa susunan laminat acak lebih unggul dari susunan anyaman. Hasil photomakro pada penampang patahan komposit serat nanas terdapat karakteristik patahan yang khas yaitu terdapat serabut serat yang tertarik keluar (Fiber Pull Out).

PENGARUH FRAKSI VOLUME TERHADAP KEKUATAN BENDING PADA KOMPOSIT BERPENGUAT SERAT DAUN SISAL MENGGUNAKAN RESIN BQTN 157-EX Zulmiardi Zulmiardi; Abubakar Abubakar; Meriatna Meriatna; Yudistira Yudistira
Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal Vol 11, No 1 (2022): Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal - Mei 2022
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/jtku.v11i1.7249

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat prototipe komposit plastik berpenguat serat daun sisal, dengan variasi fraksi volume (Vf) 5%, 10%, 15% dengan perlakuan alkali sebesar 5% . Komposisi serat disusun didalam cetakan dengan arah memanjang (00) dengan orientasi laminat acak, menggunakan metode Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion (VARI). Dari penggunaan metode ini dapat mengeluarkan udara yang terperangkap masuk pada spesimen komposit maka diharapkan nilai dari kekuatan uji bending menjadi lebih besar. Hasil dari proses pengujian bending diharapkan nilai kekuatan uji bending terbesar dengan fraksi volume 15% dengan nilai rata-rata yaitu 153,76 Newton, untuk pengujian bending terendah pada fraksi volume 5% dengan nilai rata-rata 78,45 Newton.. Bisa disimpulkan, untuk komposit berpenguat serat dari daun sisal menggunakanResin BQTN 157-EX mempunyai kemampuan yang cukup besar kalau diaplikasikan sebagai material struktural.

Effect of Volume Fraction and Alkalization Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Abaca Fiber Reinforced Composites as a Composite Board Substitute for Wood Products Abubakar Dabet; Zulmiardi Zulmiardi; Ferry Safriwardi
Jurnal POLIMESIN Vol 21, No 1 (2023): February
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30811/jpl.v21i1.3125

Wood products are very popular products, especially in Indonesia. The drawback of wood products lies on their physical properties which are very susceptible to weathering in contact with water, causing wood products to be unsuitable for placing in parts of higher moisture. In addition, deforestation for processing wood products causes prolonged environmental damage. The main objective of this research is to make abaca fiber polyester composite material that can be used as a composite board for replacing wood product boards. The composite is made with varying the alkali solution treatment and fiber volume fraction by using the vacuum method (VARI). Materials used in this study are abaca banana fiber, polyester resin, hardener and wax. The primary equipment used are such as tensile testing machine, freis machine, scanning electron machine (SEM), press machine, vacuum installation and digital scales as well as other supporting tools for composite preparation and fabrication. The research design for the preparation of composite test specimens used a polyester matrix and Abaca fiber reinforcement. Variation of alkalization solution used have rate of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%, and the volume fraction of abaca fiber is at 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% and 35%. The composite specimens test uses a tensile test ASTM D3039-76 standard, flexural test using the ASTM D790 standard and an impact test reaching the Charpy method. The results showed there are the highest tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were obtained from composites with specifications of 25%Vf and 5% alkali treatment of 186.89 MPa with a modulus of elasticity of 2.27 GPa. The highest bending strength value is found in the composite with a specification of 35%Vf and 5% alkali treatment with a bending strength value of 53,03 MPa. The highest impact strength value was found in the composite with a specification of 25%Vf and alkali treatment with a 5% concentration of 9,32 kJ/m2. Based on the mechanical properties data above, the composite specifications can be recommended for the manufacture of composite boards as a substitute for wood products at 35%Vf and 5% alkali treatment.

Methyl Orange Absorption Using Chitosan from Shrimp Skin as an Adsorbent Meriatna Meriatna; Sanda Mulia Utari; Rizka Mulyawan; Muhammad Muhammad; Zulmiardi Zulmiardi
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology Vol 3, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Department of Information Technology, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh Utara, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52088/ijesty.v3i2.431

In the coloring process, the textile industry generally uses synthetic (artificial) dyes, methyl orange (MO). In this study, the adsorption of methyl orange (MO) dye with chitosan was investigated in a series of batch laboratory studies. The adsorption equilibrium study used a MO solution with a concentration of 10 to 50 mg/L with an adsorbent weight of 3 g put into an Erlenmeyer and shaken until the adsorption reached an equilibrium condition. Meanwhile, the adsorption kinetics used a MO solution with an initial concentration of 10 and 20 mg/L with a volume of 100 mL with an adsorbent weight of 3 g and the solution was adjusted to pH 2. Effective operating parameters such as pH, initial concentration of dye (C0) and contact time at adsorption has been investigated. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of methyl orange (MO) dye from chitosan increased with an increasing acid content, and it was found that a solution of pH 2 was the optimal pH value for MO adsorption. The adsorption parameters for the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were determined by nonlinear regression and the equilibrium data were best explained by the Langmuir isotherm model, this was indicated by the high value of the correlation coefficient (R2), which was 0.9595. The maximum adsorption capacity was 0.1297 mg/g. Adsorption kinetics can be successfully applied to pseudo second-order kinetic models. The pseudo second-order model results show that the adsorption process is controlled by chemical sorption (chemisorption).

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