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All Journal Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
Helmia Farida
Faculty Of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology

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The Effects of Thyme on IL-6 Level and the Bacterial Count in the Brain and Spleen of Mice Infected by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Prasetyowati, Lisayani; Sofro, Muchlis Achsan Adji; Farida, Helmia; Yulieta, Galuh
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol 31, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2020.031.01.1

Abstract

The extensive and irrational use of antibiotics causes resistance problems such as Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Widespread bacterial resistance to the existing antibiotics promotes the importance of discovering antibacterial sources or modulating the immune response from natural ingredients. This study aimed to reveal the potential of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) extract in reducing IL-6 level and MRSA bacterial count in the brain and spleen of Balb c mice infected by MRSA. The design of this study was a randomized post-test control group. This study used 30 male BALB/c mice infected by MRSA and randomly divided into six groups. Measurement of IL-6 level was carried out using ELISA. The MRSA count was done by assessing the number of CFU per gram of tissue. There were no bacteria in the spleen tissue of all the groups. The IL-6 level in BALB/c mice infected with MRSA and treated with Thymus vulgaris was higher compared to those without Thymus vulgaris (p<0,005). The greatest decrease in microbial count in the brain was among groups that were given the combination of thyme and amoxicillin. Thymus vulgaris extract can elevate the antibacterial effectiveness of amoxicillin. 
THE EXISTENCE OF FUNGI AND THE EFFECT OF TERMINAL CLEANSING ON OPERATING ROOM AIRBORNE FUNGI Firdaus, Nadilla Shafa; Farida, Helmia; Hapsari, Rebriarina
DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL (JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO) Vol 9, No 4 (2020): DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL ( Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro )
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (594.606 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v9i4.27666

Abstract

Background: Fungi is one of the causes of infectious diseases, especially in immunocompromised patients. Surgical site infection (SSI) becomes a major challenge as it is the leading cause of healthcare-associated infection (HAIs). HAIs can be caused by endogenous or exogenous fungi. Exogenous fungi are present in the hospital environment, such as airborne fungi. Fungal contamination of the operating area occurs during surgery or after surgery. The effect of temperature, humidity, the focus of fungal source, and room cleanliness can trigger the growth of fungi in the operating room.  Aim: To analyse the growth of fungal air contamination and its affecting factors in the operating room of a type C hospital. Methods: This study used analytic observational with a cross-sectional design. Total samples were 5 operating rooms that were not in repair. Sampling was using the settle down plate 1/1/1 method. The plates of each replication in each room were 13 plates. The fungal culture was at the temperature of 25⁰C and was observed with LPCB. Measurement of temperature and humidity was using the thermo-hygrometer. The focus of the fungal sources was observed in the ceiling of the operating room. Results: In a total of 5 operating rooms, the Fisher exact test results showed no significant differences between room cleaning and fungal growth in the air (p=0.400). In the primary data, the most fungal growth in operating room number 1 and number 5 was 5 plates. The decline in the number of plate overgrown occurred in the operating room number 1, from 5 plates to 1 plate. The Fisher exact test result showed no significant differences between temperature, humidity, and the focus of fungal source with fungal growth in the air (p=1).  Conclusion: In this study, room cleaning, temperature, humidity, and the focus of the fungal source showed no effect on the fungal growth in the air.
The Effectivity of Thymus vulgaris Extract on IL-1 Level and Bacterial Count in The Heart of Balb-c Mice Infected with MRSA Galuh Yulieta Nitihapsari; Helmia Farida; Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro
Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol 7, No 3 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbtr.v7i3.12103

Abstract

Background: The increasing phenomenon resistance of bacteria to various types of antibiotics, for example MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) became a serious problem. Over the last few decades S. aureus has become the dominant cause of endocarditis. MRSA data in Indonesia are still rarely reported. This has led to the importance of extracting natural substances that have anti-bacterial effects or that modulate immune response such as Thymus vulgaris (TV). It was hypothesized that TV can overcome MRSA infection by increasing IL-1, which is the initial cytokine in a natural immune response stimulated by the presence of S. aureus. Objective: This study was to investigate the effect of Thymus vulgaris extract on IL-1 and bacterial counts in the heart of balb-c mice infected with MRSA. Methods: There were 30 male Balb-c mice randomly divided into six groups. Group K (mice infected with MRSA without treatment),P1(mice treated with TV extract 7 days later infected with MRSA), P2(mice infected and treated with vancomycin), P3(mice infected and treated with TV+vancomycin extract), P4(mice infected and treated with amoxicillin), and P5 (mice infected and treated with TV extract+amoxicillin). IL-1 and bacterial count was assessed by ELISA and microbiological culture. Results: The result showed that there was a significant increase in IL-1 between groups (p=0.001).The median decrease in the bacterial count in the heart was 0 in almost treatment group except for P4 group which its median was 26.000 (p=0.161). The correlation between IL-1 levels and MRSA count in the heart had a weak negative correlation (r=-0.182). Conclusion: Thymus vulgaris extract was effective to  increase IL-1 levels significantly but was not proven to decrease MRSA count in the heart of balb-c mice.
Co-Authors Firdaus, Nadilla Shafa Galuh Yulieta Nitihapsari Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro Prasetyowati, Lisayani Rebriarina Hapsari Sofro, Muchlis Achsan Adji Yulieta, Galuh