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All Journal ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering Jurnal Teknik Sipil Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi Lingkungan
Stephan Fuchs
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Education Engineering Transportation

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Study of Slow Sand Filtration in Removing Total Coliforms and E.Coli Yogafanny, Ekha; Fuchs, Stephan; Obst, Ursula
Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi Lingkungan Vol 6, No 2 (2014): SAINS & TEKNOLOGI LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Teknik Lingkungan Universitas Islam Indonesia

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Abstract

This study was aimed to evaluate the performance of SSF in removing bacteria (Total Coliforms and E. Coli) in regard to grain size distribution and grain shape intermittently. Two methodological approaches used in this reasearch were literature review and laboratory work. Bacteria removal was analyzed considering two different filter media (Rhine sand-spherical shape and Lava sand-angular shape) with three different grain size distributions. The best performance was attained by filter column F4 which consisted of Lava sand and had the configuration C2 (d10 = 0.07 mm; Cu = 4.2). This filter column achieved 4.7log-units removal of Total Coliforms and 5.0log-units removal of E. coli. The results show that a smaller grain size and an angular shape of sand grain lead to an increase in bacteria removal. Keywords: Slow Sand Filtration, Bacteria Removal, Grain Size Distribution, Grain Shape
Influence of Gravel as Protection Layer on the Filter Run Time Anggraini, Agustina Kiky; Fuchs, Stephan
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 15, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (225.153 KB) | DOI: 10.24002/jts.v15i1.3152

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Abstract: Since the beginning of the usage of slow sand filter (SSF) as one of the water treat-ment technologies, studies on how to enhance the performance have been conducted to date. One of the limitations in the current knowledge is regarding the method to increase the filter run time. The addition of protection layer may extend the filter run time. This paper focuses on the influence of gravel as the protection layer to the filter run time and turbidity removal. Gravel was chosen as the material of protection layer because of its low-cost and availability. A system-atic investigation by comparing only one different factor within the filter, which was protection layer, was conducted under the laboratory scale. The experimentconsisted of two filter columns namely K1 and K2. Both filters were constructed using the same filter depth, type of sand, and grain size distribution. The protection layer was added to filter K1, but not to filter K2. The sol-ids penetration and the increase of filter head loss wasused to evaluate the filter run time. A sta-tistical analysis was also carried out to examine the difference on the turbidity removal from both filters. The findings showed that by adding the protection layer, the filter run time could be extended up to 70%. Regarding to the turbidityremoval, there was insignificant difference between two filters.
INFLUENCE OF EFFECTIVE SIZE AND LEVEL OF SUPERNATANT LAYER IN SLOW SAND FILTER PERFORMANCE Agustina Kiky Anggraini; Stephan Fuchs; Adriana Silva
ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering Vol 2, No 2 (2014): ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering
Publisher : Master in Systems Engineering

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Slow sand filtration has been admitted as an old method of water treatment and has been widely used in the world. This type of sand filter is prominent in its simplicity, low cost, and effectiveness. The term effectiveness refers to the performance on removing particulate matter and microorganisms. There are some significant factors should be considered in the system of slow sand filtration, such as grain size distribution of media, sand type, bed depth, operation mode of filter, and filtration rate. This study focuses on the influence of different effective size of media and operation mode in slow sand filtration especially on removing turbidity. Grain size distribution is represented by the effective size (d10) and uniformity coefficient (Cu). In regard to the operation mode, both sizes were operated under intermittent operation mode and were compared in two different level of supernatant layer: decreasing level and constant level. Laboratory scale experiments were conducted using four filter columns. Two filter columns were filled up with Rhein sand in different effective size of d10 0.075 mm and d10 0.50 mm. Uniformity coefficient Cu 2.5 and curvature coefficient Cc 1 were the same for both d10. Every column was fed with the same concentration of artificial raw water. The artificial raw water was created from Heilerde (clay from Germany) which passed 0.063 mm sieve opening mixed with tap water. Fine grain size tends to be easier to be controlled in regard to filtration rate, and vice versa for the coarse grain size. Surprisingly, the coarse grain size was able to remove turbidity as good as the fine grain size. Permeability of column was also tested and it decreased along with the addition of Heilerde.
Co-Authors Adriana Silva Agustina Kiky Anggraini Ekha Yogafanny, Ekha Ursula Obst, Ursula