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Uji Daya Hasil Tujuh Genotipe Cabai Rawit pada Ekosistem Dataran Tinggi Pangalengan, Jawa Barat (Yield Trial of Seven Genotypes of Chili in Highland Ecosystem in Pangalengan, West Java) nFN Kusmana; Yenni Kusandriani; Diny Djuariah
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n2.2017.p147-154

Cabai rawit merupakan salah satu sayuran utama petani di dataran tinggi, karena memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan dapat dengan mudah ditanam secara tumpang gilir dengan komoditas sayuran lainnya. Tujuan pengujian adalah mengetahui daya hasil genotipe-genotipe harapan cabai rawit pada agroekosistem dataran tinggi di Pangalengan. Pengujian menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak, dengan empat ulangan. Bahan pengujian terdiri dari empat genotipe harapan cabai rawit yang merupakan koleksi plasma nutfah Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, yaitu CRM 01, CRM 02, CRM 03, dan CRM 04 serta tiga varietas pembanding, yaitu Hot Seed, Patra, dan Bara. Pengujian dilakukan di Desa Gunung Cupu, Kecamatan Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung, 1.500 m dpl. Waktu pengujian bulan Maret sampai dengan Desember 2014. Data yang diamati meliputi data morfologi tanaman dan produktivitas hasil. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan karakter fenotipik antartujuh genotipe yang diuji. Genotipe CRM 03 menampilkan potensi hasil yang tertinggi (9,64 ton/ha), dengan karakter buah muda berwarna putih dan buah tua berwarna merah oranye. Genotipe CRM 03 dan genotipe Bara sangat cocok ditanam di dataran tinggi Pangalengan karena memiliki potensi hasil yang tinggi, yaitu CRM 03 mencapai 9,64 ton/ha sementara varietas pembanding Bara 8,76 ton/ha. Genotipe CRM 03 diharapkan akan menjadi varietas unggul baru cabai rawit yang mempunyai produktivitas tinggi dan cocok ditanam di Pangalengan dan akan mendongkrak produktivitas cabai rawit di Pangalengan dan daerah lainnya yang mempunyai agroekologi mirip dengan dataran tinggi Pangalengan.KeywordsCabai rawit (Capsicum sp.); Genotipe; Hasil; Dataran tinggiAbstractChili (Capsicum sp.) is the main vegetable for farmers in the highland because it has high economic value and can be grown intercrop with others vegetables. The objective of the research was to test advanced genotypes of chili on yield under ecosystem highland of Pangalengan. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with four replications. Four genotypes of chili that were CRM01, CRM 02, CRM 03, and CRM 04 derived from advanced genotype from Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute and three varieties as comparison (Hot seed, Patra, and Bara) were used for treatments. The trial was conducted at Pangalengan, Bandung District, West Java Province, 1.500 m above sea level. The experiment was conducted since March until December 2014. Data observed was plant morphology and yield productivity. The result showed that was different phenotypic among the seven genotypes tested. CRM 03 Genotype was showed highest yielding (9.64 ton/ha), which has fruit character white and red orange for young and mature fruit. CRM 03 genotypes as well as variety of Bara was suitable to be grown in highland of Pangalengan due to high yielding. Yield obtained from CRM 03 was 9.64 ton/ha, whereas, Bara was 8.76 ton/ha. CRM 03 genotype hopefully can be released as a new variety with high yielding and adapted for Pangalengan and others locations similar to Pangalengan.

Uji Adaptasi Klon-Klon Kentang Transgenik Tahan Hawar Daun Pada Agroekosistem Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah [Adaptation Test of Transgenic Potato Resistance to Late Blight Under Agro Ecosystem of West and Central Java] nFN Kusmana; Alberta Dinar Ambarwati
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 28, No 2 (2018): Desember 2018
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v28n2.2018.p175-182

Uji adaptasi merupakan salah satu syarat utama untuk pendaftaran varietas tanaman hortikultura. Salah satu masalah utama pada produksi tanaman kentang adalah adanya serangan penyakit hawar daun yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Phytophthora infestans. Melalui usaha perakitan varietas tanaman telah dihasilkan beberapa calon varietas kentang tahan terhadap penyakit hawar daun. Tanaman kentang tahan hawar daun dihasilkan melalui persilangan antara varietas kentang Granola dengan kentang transgenik Katahdin SP951 serta varietas Atlantic dengan Katahdin SP951. Uji adaptasi dilakukan di Lapangan Uji Terbatas sentra produksi kentang di Jawa Barat (Kab. Bandung dan Kab. Garut) dan di Jawa Tengah (Kab. Banjarnegara). Waktu pengujian mulai bulan Oktober 2013 sampai dengan Februari 2014. Penelitian disusun dengan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) dengan tiga ulangan. Untuk menguji stabilitas hasil menggunakan perangkat software komputer MSTATC. Untuk uji resistensi menggunakan isolat P. infestans dari masing-masing lokasi uji. Inokulasi dilakukan di rumah kaca pada saat tanaman berumur 30 hari setelah tanam dilakukan sebanyak lima kali dengan interval waktu 4 hari, yaitu pada umur 30, 34, 38, 42, dan 46 hari. Hasil pengujian didapatkan genotipe yang stabil, yaitu Klon 20, 27, 62, dan 65, serta varietas pembanding Atlantic, Granola, Katahdin, dan Katahdin SP 951. Klon 66 dan 69 merupakan klon yang tidak stabil. Klon 27, 62, 65, 66, dan 69 merupakan klon yang resisten terhadap serangan hawar daun. Klon 20 memiliki ketahanan yang moderat resisten terhadap serangan hawar daun sementara Granola dan Atlantic merupakan genotipe yang peka terhadap hawar daun. Hasil penelitian dapat dijadikan sebagai rekomendasi untuk pengusulan pendaftaran calon varietas kentang yang memiliki adaptasi baik di Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah serta tahan terhadap penyakit hawar daun.KeywordsSolanum tuberosum L; Adaptasi; Resistensi; Hawar daunAbstractAdaptation test is one of the main requirements for variety registration. One of major problem of potato production is potato late blight disease caused by P. infestans. Through the breeding program has produced several candidates potato varieties resistance to late blight. Late blight resistant potato was obtained through crosses between Indonesian local potato variety of Granola and Atlantic with transgenic variety of Katahdin SP951. Adaptation test was conducted at confined field trials in potato production area in West Java (District of Bandung and Garut) and Central Java (Banjarnegara). The experiment was conducted from October 2013 to February 2014. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The software of MSTATC was used for testing the stability of genotypes. To test of resistance to P.infestans, it was used P. infestans isolates that collected from each test site. Inoculation was conducted in a greenhouse at the plant was 30 days old after planting and performed five times inoculation with intervals of 4 days on the age (30, 34, 38, 42, and 46 days). The result showed that the stable genotypes were obtained from clone 20, 27, 62, and 65, as well as the varieties Atlantic, Granola, Katahdin, and Katahdin SP951. Whereas, clone 66 and 69, were unstable clone. Genotypes resistance to late blight were clone 27, 62, 65, 66, 69 and Katahdin SP951. Clone 20 has a moderate resistant to late blight, while Granola and Atlantic are genotypes that are susceptable to late blight. The results of the study can be used as a recommendation for the nomination of candidates potato varieties that have good adaptation in West Java and Central Java as well as resistant to late blight.

Respon dan Seleksi Tanaman Kentang Terhadap Kekeringan (Response and Selection of Potato Plants to Drought) Tri Handayani; nFN Kusmana; Helmi Kurniawan
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 28, No 2 (2018): Desember 2018
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v28n2.2018.p163-174

Kekeringan sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kentang. Persilangan dengan tujuan toleran kekeringan telah dilakukan dan dilanjutkan dengan seleksi terbatas. Tujuan penelitian untuk mempelajari respon tanaman kentang terhadap kekeringan dan melakukan seleksi klon-klon hasil persilangan untuk sifat toleran kekeringan. Materi yang digunakan adalah 78 nomor hasil seleksi progeni kekeringan tahun 2015. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membandingkan antara tanaman pada kondisi kekeringan dan pengairan normal di dalam Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang, pada tahun 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cekaman kekeringan berpengaruh terhadap karakter pertumbuhan dan hasil. Pada kondisi kekeringan, vigor tanaman menurun dan menunjukkan gejala layu, menguning, serta daun menggulung ke atas. Kekeringan juga menyebabkan penurunan pada diameter batang (41,4%), jumlah batang (6,63%), tinggi tanaman (22,43%), diameter kanopi (18,76%), luas daun (53,7%), jumlah ubi pertanaman (17,54%), berat ubi pertanaman (70,35%), panjang ubi (44,45%) serta diameter ubi (42,85%). Respon tanaman terhadap kekeringan yang lain ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan kadar prolin daun dan klorofil. Seleksi berdasarkan perubahan karakter morfologi, pertumbuhan vegetatif serta produksi ubi, diperoleh 26 genotipe yang berpotensi memiliki sifat toleran terhadap kekeringan. Genotipe terseleksi tersebut memiliki kisaran jumlah ubi per tanaman 1,67 – 12,25, berat ubi per tanaman 26,45 – 80,775 g, panjang ubi 2,05 – 3,4 cm serta diameter ubi 1,43 – 3,06 cm. Hasil dari seleksi kekeringan ini akan dilanjutkan ke seleksi di lapangan untuk mendapatkan klon unggul kentang toleran terhadap kekeringan. Ketersediaan klon kentang toleran kekeringan dapat menjawab ancaman menurunnya produksi kentang akibat perubahan iklim.KeywordsSolanum tuberosum L.; Produksi ubi; Prolin; Toleran kekeringan AbstractDrought is very influential towards the growth and production of the potato crop. A crossing to drought-tolerant genotypes was conducted and continued with a progeny selection. The aims of this study were to study the response of the potato plant to drought stress and to select potato clones resulted from conventional crossing for drought tolerant. The genetic materials tested were 78 progenies resulted from drought selection in 2015. The study was conducted by comparing plants in drought and normal irrigation conditions in the Greenhouse of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, Lembang, in 2016. Results showed that drought stress affected potato growth as well as tuber yield. On drought conditions, potato plants tend to be poor of plant vigor, showed wilting symptom, yellowing leaves and roll up of the leaves. Drought stress caused the decline of stem diameter of (41.4%), main stem number (6.63%), plant height (22.43%), canopy diameter (18.76%), leaf area (53.7%), per plant tuber number (17.54%), per plant tuber weight (70.35%), tuber length (44.45%) and tuber diameter (42.85%). Another response to drought was the increasing level of proline and chlorophyll in leaf. Based on morphological character changes, vegetative growth and tuber production, 26 genotypes demonstrated potential drought tolerance. The selected genotypes will be used to the next selection in the field to get stable drought-tolerant potato clones. The availability of drought-tolerant potato clones can respond to the threat of reduced potato production due to climate change.

Keragaan Tiga Galur Lanjut Cabai Merah Pada Ekosistem Dataran Tinggi Lembang, Jawa Barat (Performance of Three New Advanced of Hot Pepper Genotypes Grown on High Land Ecosystem of Lembang, West Java) nFN Kusmana; Yenni Kusandriani; Rinda Kirana; Liferdi Lukman
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n2.2016.p133-142

Cabai merupakan sayuran penting yang banyak digunakan masyarakat di Indonesia. Pengujian dilakukan dibawah kondisi agro ekosistem dataran tinggi di Lembang, Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Penelitian disusun dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan lima ulangan. Tiga galur baru cabai merah yaitu, 1) PP 0537-7558, 2) YK-1, 3) YK-2 serta dua vartietas pembanding Perisai dan Tanjung- 2 dijadikan sebagai perlakuan. Setiap plot ditanami 30 tanaman per plot. Peubah yang diamati diantaranya ialah tinggi tanaman, vigor tanaman, intensitas kerusakan oleh Antracnosa dan virus kuning, hasil panen bobot dan jumlah buah, serta panjang buah yang merupakan karakter kuantitatif. Untuk karakter kualitatif yang diamati ialah data yang diperlukan untuk penyusunan deskripsi morfologi tanaman. Hasil pengujian diketahui bahwa, peroleh bahwa, galur YK-2 menampilkan vigor tanaman yang paling bagus. Disamping itu galur tersebut menampilkan tinggi tanaman yang tertinggi. Potensi hasil paling tinggi dihasilkan galur YK-2 (22,64 ton/ha) nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan kedua varietas pembandingnya yaitu Perisai (14,96 ton/ha) dan Tanjung-2 (14,62 ton/ha). Disamping itu galur YK-2 memiliki panjang buah yang ideal yaitu 15,08 cm, lebih panjang dari varietas pembanding Perisai (9,06 cm). Galur-galur yang diuji dapat dideskripsikan dengan cukup lengkap. Implikasi dari kegiatan ini terpilih satu galur advanced cabai untuk pengujian lebih lanjut.KeywordCapsicum annuum L.; Galur; Keragaan; Ekosistem; Dataran tinggi AbstractHot pepper is one of important vegetable crops which are consumed by most Indonesian people for ingredient of daily menu. Production and quality yield are affected by interaction of genotypes and environment. Therefore, in the breeding program of hot pepper adaptation test of the genotypes to the spesific environment is a must. The experiment was conducted at high land ecosystem in Lembang, District Bandung, West Java Province. The experimental used randomized complete block design with five replications. Three genotypes of hot pepper used in this experiment were (1) PP 0537-7558, (2) YK-1, and (3) YK-2 and two varieties Perisai and Tanjung- 2 as control variety. Each plot was planted by 30 plants. Data collected were plant height, plant vigor, intensity plant damage due to anthracnose and yellowing virus, fruit weight, fruit size, numbers of fruit, and morphology data. The results of research showed that the most vigorous and the highest plant was obtained from YK-2 genotype. The highest yielding was also obtained from YK-2 genotype (22.64 ton/ha) and significantly different compared to control varieties Tanjung-2 (14.62 ton/ha) and Perisai (14.96 ton/ha). YK-2 genotipe had an ideal of fruit length (15,08 cm) which are longer than that of cv. Perisai (9.06 cm). The genotypes tested was morphologically characterized based on local growth condition.

Uji Adaptasi dan Stabilitas Hasil Enam Genotipe Cabai Hibrida di Dataran Tinggi Jawa Barat (Adaptation and Yield Stability of Six Hybrid Chili Genotypes in Highland Area of West Java) nFN Kusmana; Rinda Kirana; Astiti Rahayu
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 29, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v29n1.2019.p17-22

Uji adaptasi dilakukan untuk mengestimasi interaksi antara Genotipe dengan Lingkungan, sehingga dapat ditentukan apakah genotipe yang diuji adaptif pada lingkungan yang spesifik atau stabil pada lingkungan yang luas. Tujuan pengujian ialah mendapatkan informasi tentang stabilitas hasil cabai hibrida yang ditanam pada tiga lokasi di Jawa Barat. Pengujian ditata dengan menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak pada tiga lokasi pengujian yaitu di Kab. Bandung, Kab. Bandung Barat dan Kab. Garut. Populasi tanaman untuk tiap-tiap plot penelitian ialah 30 tanaman dengan empat ulangan. Hasil analisis ragam gabungan terlihat bahwa nilai kuadrat tengah genotipe lebih tinggi dari nilai kwadrat tengah interaksi genotipe x lingkungan hal ini memberikan indikasi bahwa pengaruh genetik lebih dominan dibandingkan faktor lingkungan. Varietas (genotipe) yang diuji berbeda sangat nyata sehingga menunjukkan adanya perbedaan potensi hasil diantara varietas dan terjadi interaksi antara genotipe dengan lingkungan. Genotipe stabil berdasarkan perhitungan MSTATC ialah H-1 dan Cosmos. Genotipe Batalion dan Merona tidak stabil karena nilai T hitung lebih besar dari T tabel sementara Genotipe H 2 dan Hot Beauty tidak stabil karena hasil dibawah rerata. Implikasi dari penelitian ialah didapatkan informasi genotipe cabai yang stabil pada agroekosistem dataran tinggi Jawa Barat. KeywordsGenotipe cabai hibrida (Capsicum annuum); Adaptasi; Stabilitas; Jawa BaratAbstractAn adaptation test was carried out to estimate the interaction between genotypes and the environment, to be able to determine whether the genotypes tested were adaptable in a specific or stable in a wide range of environments. The objective of this study were to obtain the stability level of the hybrid chili tested at three highland West Java locations. The study was arranged using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatment consisted of six hybrid chili genotypes tested at three test locations, i.e. West Bandung District, Bandung District, and Garut District. The experimental unit was a plot containing 30 plants. Results showed that the combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the mean square of the genotype was higher than that of genotype x environment interaction, indicating that the genetic effect was more dominant than that of environmental factors. Genotypes tested were highly significant (p < 0.01) indicating difference yield potential among the genotypes tested. There was a significant interaction between the genotype with that of the environment. The stable genotypes determined based on MSTATC analysis obtained two stable genotypes, i.e. H-1 and Cosmos. Genotypes Batalion and Merona, on the other hand were not stable because the T value counted was greater than that of T table. The genotypes H-2 and Hot Beauty were also found not stable because of low yield performances. The implication of this research was that the stable hybrid chili genotypes obtained from this study can be recommended to be registered as candidates as chili paper new varieties.

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