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TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA DALAM PENGUPAYAAN PEMBERSIHAN SAMPAH ANTARIKSA (SPACE DEBRIS) DITINJAU DARI HUKUM INTERNASIONAL Cut Desry Chairunnisa; Rosmawati Rosmawati
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Bidang Hukum Kenegaraan Vol 5, No 2: Mei 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Syiah Kuala

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pertanggungjawaban baik dari pihak negara pemilik sampah antariksa maupun negara peluncur, upaya dari masing-masing negara dalam membersihkan sampah antariksa dan kendala yang dihadapi terkait hal tersebut. Hasil analisis pada penelitian ini di dapati bahwa beberapa negara menjadi salah satu pelaku di dalam kepemilikan sampah antariksa, baik dari bekas bagian dari suatu roket, satelit bekas maupun satelit yang sengaja di hancurkan melalui uji senjata. Beberapa sampah antariksa yang menimbulkan permasalahan ada yang dapat diselesaikan dengan negara yang bersangkutan tetapi ada pula yang tidak diselesaikan karena negara bersangkutan tidak berfikir hal tersebut membahayakan bagi negaranya. Upaya di dalam pembersihan sampah antariksa sudah ada, tapi banyak di antaranya terhambat oleh biaya yang besar maupun pihak yang tidak setuju karena dianggap tidak ramah lingkugan. Disarankan agar setiap negara bersama-sama memikirkan penanggulangan upaya pembersihan sampah antariksa yang efektif, tidak menggunakan biaya yang besar serta tidak merusak lingkungan, baik di ruang angkasa maupun di bumi.Kata kunci: Tanggung Jawab Negara, Sampah Antariksa.

COMPENSATION AND ABSOLUTE LIABILITY PRINCIPLE ON THE CASE OF AIR ASIA QZ 8501 AIRPLANE ACCIDENT 2014 Nurul Alifah Jovita; Rosmawati Rosmawati
Student Journal of International Law Vol 1, No 2: December 2021
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

This study investigates the issue of compensation based on the absolute responsibility principle in the Air Asia QZ 8501 airplane accident in 2014. This study uses normative juridical legal research with secondary data as primary data obtained through literature study. The results indicate a lack of clarity in the implementation of compensation as regulated in the National Aviation Law regarding the maximum amount of time required in insurance claims toward the heirs. Without a precise time limit, airlines and insurance companies will create many obstacles during the data collection process and the documents involved. It is recommended that the government strengthen the rules regarding the provisions in implementing compensation, especially related to the insurance claim process toward the heirs. In addition, it is also recommended for airlines and insurance companies to consistently set a precise time limit for the investigation and identification of the victims to speed up the issuance of the necessary documents from the Court. Keywords: Airplane Accident, Compensation, International Air Freight, Principle of Liability, Strict Liability.

RELEASE AND DISCHARGE AGREEMENT IN THE COMPENSATION SETTLEMENT BY AIRLINES COMPANY (A NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LAW PERSPECTIVE) Nida Wafiqah; Rosmawati Rosmawati
Student Journal of International Law Vol 1, No 2: December 2021
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

This paper analyses the rules and implementation regarding the Release and Discharge Agreement in the compensation settlement process by airlines company based on national and international law. The results show that this release and discharge agreement is not per Article 186 of the Aviation Law, which regulate that the carrier as a business actor is prohibited from making special agreements or requirements that negate the carrier's responsibility or determine a lower limit than the current compensation limit. According to international law, this release and discharge agreement does not follow Article 26 of the 1999 Montreal Convention, which regulates that airlines companies are not allowed to form contracts that may reduce or eliminate the amount of liability. Hence, obstacles arise in the ccompensation settlements when using Release and Discharge Agreement documents, the method of airline liability, and proving the cause of the accident to exclude the payment of compensation settlements to passengers. It is recommended to improve the rules related to the carrier's responsibility to ensure that passengers could get their rights according to the provisions contained in the legislation and maximize the implementation of international conventions related to aviation that have been ratified into national regulations. Keywords: Compensation, Liability, Release and Discharge Agreement, Airline Company, Passenger.

FORCIBLE DIVERSION OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW (CASE STUDY OF RYANAIR FLIGHT 4978 IN BELARUS) Azahra Nafilah Faradita; Rosmawati Rosmawati
Student Journal of International Law Vol 2, No 2: Desember 2022
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/sjil.v2i2.23673

Every state has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory under Article 1 of the 1944 Chicago Convention, Belarus carried out a forcible diversion of Ryanair Flight 4978 for the purpose of arresting a journalist and a pro-opposition activist from that country under this Article. However, forcible diversion of aircraft is also a form of hijacking and is contrary to Article 11 paragraph (1) of the 1963 Tokyo Convention and Article 1 of the 1970 Hague Convention. As a result, the international community has various reactions and opinions in an attempt to categorize the Belarusian act. This paper examines the international legal instruments related to the forcible diversion of civil aircraft as part of hijacking, the responsibility of the Belarusian Government, and legal settlement regarding the actions committed by Belarus. This paper found, Belarusian government actions are not categorized within the scope of the definition of hijacking regulated in the 1963 Tokyo Convention, the 1970 Hague Convention, and UNCLOS 1982.

Perlindungan terhadap Pengungsi/Pencari Suaka di Indonesia (sebagai Negara Transit) menurut Konvensi 1951 dan Protokol 1967 Rosmawati Rosmawati
Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 17, No 3 (2015): Vol. 17, No. 3, (Desember, 2015)
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

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ABSTRAK: Ada sekitar 13.000 pengungsi dan pencari suaka di Indonesia. Indonesia belum menjadi peserta Konvensi 1951 yang terkait dengan Keadaan Pengungsi (Konvensi Pengungsi) atau Protokol 1967. Para pencari suaka dan pengungsi (dan orang yang tidak bernegara) di Indonesia mengalami kesulitan untuk tinggal di negara ini. Mereka tidak mempunyai izin bekerja, dan tidak menerima bantuan sosial dari pemerintah Indonesia. Pemerintah Indonesia memperbolehkan para pengungsi dan pencari suaka tersebut untuk tinggal di Indonesia selama mereka memiliki dokumen-dokumen pendaftaran dari Kantor Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa Komisaris Tinggi untuk Pengungsi (UNHCR). Protection of Refugees/Asylum Seekers in Indonesia (as A Transit State) in the 1951 Convention of and the 1967 Protocol ABSTRACT: There are around 13,000 refugees and asylum seekers in Indonesia. Indonesia is not a party to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (Refugees Convention) or the 1967 Protocol. Asylum seekers and refugees (and stateless people) here face difficulties staying in the country.Asylum seekers and refugees in Indonesia are not permitted to work and receive no social benefits from the Government of Indonesia. The Government of Indonesia allows them to stay here while they have current registration documents from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).

Pengaruh Hukum Internasional terhadap Perkembangan Hukum Nasional Rosmawati Rosmawati
Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 15, No 3 (2013): Vol. 15, No. 3, (Desember, 2013)
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

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ABSTRACT: This research aims to (1) the process of negotiation as an important process in the alteration of domestic law in terms of determining whether the international conventions should be adopted or not by the government (2) after the ratification, it requires the harmonisation and sincronization institutionally hence it is admitted as the domestic law based on the constitution 1945. (3) all the process heading to the ratification of the convention reflects national politic in increasing international relatinship. Based on those considerations the process must be planned seriously, consistently and continuously by the related institutions under the ministry of foreign affair, and should be consultated with the House of Representative of the Republic of Indonesia. (4) the ratified conventions based on exixting act in the nation must be binding as the rule. The Influence of International Law on the Development of National Law

RELEASE AND DISCHARGE AGREEMENT IN THE COMPENSATION SETTLEMENT BY AIRLINES COMPANY (A NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LAW PERSPECTIVE) Nida Wafiqah; Rosmawati Rosmawati
Student Journal of International Law Vol 1, No 2: December 2021
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/sjil.v1i2.19277

This paper analyses the rules and implementation regarding the Release and Discharge Agreement in the compensation settlement process by airlines company based on national and international law. The results show that this release and discharge agreement is not per Article 186 of the Aviation Law, which regulate that the carrier as a business actor is prohibited from making special agreements or requirements that negate the carrier's responsibility or determine a lower limit than the current compensation limit. According to international law, this release and discharge agreement does not follow Article 26 of the 1999 Montreal Convention, which regulates that airlines companies are not allowed to form contracts that may reduce or eliminate the amount of liability. Hence, obstacles arise in the ccompensation settlements when using Release and Discharge Agreement documents, the method of airline liability, and proving the cause of the accident to exclude the payment of compensation settlements to passengers. It is recommended to improve the rules related to the carrier's responsibility to ensure that passengers could get their rights according to the provisions contained in the legislation and maximize the implementation of international conventions related to aviation that have been ratified into national regulations. Keywords: Compensation, Liability, Release and Discharge Agreement, Airline Company, Passenger.

COMPENSATION AND ABSOLUTE LIABILITY PRINCIPLE ON THE CASE OF AIR ASIA QZ 8501 AIRPLANE ACCIDENT 2014 Nurul Alifah Jovita; Rosmawati Rosmawati
Student Journal of International Law Vol 1, No 2: December 2021
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/sjil.v1i2.19278

This study investigates the issue of compensation based on the absolute responsibility principle in the Air Asia QZ 8501 airplane accident in 2014. This study uses normative juridical legal research with secondary data as primary data obtained through literature study. The results indicate a lack of clarity in the implementation of compensation as regulated in the National Aviation Law regarding the maximum amount of time required in insurance claims toward the heirs. Without a precise time limit, airlines and insurance companies will create many obstacles during the data collection process and the documents involved. It is recommended that the government strengthen the rules regarding the provisions in implementing compensation, especially related to the insurance claim process toward the heirs. In addition, it is also recommended for airlines and insurance companies to consistently set a precise time limit for the investigation and identification of the victims to speed up the issuance of the necessary documents from the Court. Keywords: Airplane Accident, Compensation, International Air Freight, Principle of Liability, Strict Liability.

FORCIBLE DIVERSION OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW (CASE STUDY OF RYANAIR FLIGHT 4978 IN BELARUS) Azahra Nafilah Faradita; Rosmawati Rosmawati
Student Journal of International Law Vol 2, No 2: December 2022
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/sjil.v2i2.23673

Every state has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory under Article 1 of the 1944 Chicago Convention, Belarus carried out a forcible diversion of Ryanair Flight 4978 for the purpose of arresting a journalist and a pro-opposition activist from that country under this Article. However, forcible diversion of aircraft is also a form of hijacking and is contrary to Article 11 paragraph (1) of the 1963 Tokyo Convention and Article 1 of the 1970 Hague Convention. As a result, the international community has various reactions and opinions in an attempt to categorize the Belarusian act. This paper examines the international legal instruments related to the forcible diversion of civil aircraft as part of hijacking, the responsibility of the Belarusian Government, and legal settlement regarding the actions committed by Belarus. This paper found, Belarusian government actions are not categorized within the scope of the definition of hijacking regulated in the 1963 Tokyo Convention, the 1970 Hague Convention, and UNCLOS 1982.

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