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Ekstrasi Senyawa Antibakteri Dari Diatom Chaetoceros gracilis dengan Berbagai Metode Setyaningsih, Iriani; Hardjito, Linawati; Monintja, Daniel R.; Sondita, M. Fedi A.; Bintang, Maria; Lailati, Nispi; Panggabean, Lily
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 5, No 1 (2008): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTExtraction of Antibacterial Compound from Diatom Chaetoceros gracilis WithDifferent Methods. Diatom is phytoplankton which is commonly found in off shore.Chaetoceros produce antibacterial which inhibit some bacteria. This research was donein 3 steps. At first, Chaetoceros gracilis was cultivated in temperate controlled roomwith lighting 24 hours. The culture was harvested on 14 days, then it was dried andweighted. The second step, biomass was disrupted by different method such as sonicator,glass beads, and undisrupting. Then the biomass was maserated, filtrated, and evaporated.The crude extracts were tested to pathogen bacterial. The third step, the extraction wasconducted using hexana (non polar solvent), ethyl acetate (semi polar solvent), andmethanol (polar solvent). The crude extracts were tested to the pathogenic bacteria.The result showed that the produce cell disruption antibacterial activity by sonicator.The biggest inhibition zone was obtained by hexana but produced lower yield.Key words: Chaetoceros gracilis, growth, extraction, disrupting, antibacteria

CHITOSAN SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGAWET PENGGANTI FORMALIN Hardjito, Linawati
JURNAL PANGAN Vol 15, No 1 (2006): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Chitosan merupakan bahan yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pengawet pengganti formalin karena sifat-sifat yang dimilikinya yaitu dapat menghambat pertumbuhan mikroorganisme perusak dan sekaligus melapisi produk yang diawetkan sehingga terjadi interaksi yang minimal antara produk dan lingkungannya. Chitosan dihasilkan dari hewan berkulit keras terutama dari laut seperti kulit udang, rajungan, kepiting. cumi-cumi dengan kadar chitosan antara 10-15%serta dapat diperoleh dari dinding sel jamur seperti Aspergil lus niger. Manfaat Chitosan selain dapat menghindarkan konsumen dari penyakit typhus, chitosan juga dapat menghambat perbanyakan sel kanker lambung manusia. Berdasarkan rata-rata berat badan 50 kg, maka konsumsi chitosan yang diperbolehkan tanpa menimbulkan efek samping adalah 66.5 g/hari. Bila dibandingkan dengan data penggunaan chitosan sebagai pengawet antara 0.01 -1% yaitu0.1 sampai 10 g/L atau g/Kg, maka dosis chitosan sebagai pengawet masih jauh dari nilai ADI sehingga aman untuk manusia.

EKSTRASI SENYAWA ANTIBAKTERI DARI DIATOM CHAETOCEROS GRACILIS DENGAN BERBAGAI METODE Setyaningsih, Iriani; Hardjito, Linawati; Monintja, Daniel R.; Sondita, M. Fedi A.; Bintang, Maria; Lailati, Nispi; Panggabean, Lily
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 5, No 1 (2008): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v5i1.3203

ABSTRACTExtraction of Antibacterial Compound from Diatom Chaetoceros gracilis WithDifferent Methods. Diatom is phytoplankton which is commonly found in off shore.Chaetoceros produce antibacterial which inhibit some bacteria. This research was donein 3 steps. At first, Chaetoceros gracilis was cultivated in temperate controlled roomwith lighting 24 hours. The culture was harvested on 14 days, then it was dried andweighted. The second step, biomass was disrupted by different method such as sonicator,glass beads, and undisrupting. Then the biomass was maserated, filtrated, and evaporated.The crude extracts were tested to pathogen bacterial. The third step, the extraction wasconducted using hexana (non polar solvent), ethyl acetate (semi polar solvent), andmethanol (polar solvent). The crude extracts were tested to the pathogenic bacteria.The result showed that the produce cell disruption antibacterial activity by sonicator.The biggest inhibition zone was obtained by hexana but produced lower yield.Key words: Chaetoceros gracilis, growth, extraction, disrupting, antibacteria

Fermentasi Tambelo (Bactronophorus sp.) dan Karakteristik Produknya Anwar, Lely Okmawaty; Hardjito, Linawati; Desniar, Desniar
PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL AGRIBISNIS PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL EKONOMI MARITIM (Pengelolaan Ekonomi Maritim yang Mandiri dan Berkelanjut
Publisher : Jurusan Agribisnis Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Halu Oleo Kendari Sulawesi Tenggara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37149/17242

Tambelo (Bactronophorus sp.) adalah hewan penggerek kayu yang dikelompokkan ke dalam filum moluska, hidup pada batang kayu bakau yang telah mati dan mengalami proses pembusukan. Pengalaman empiris masyarakat pantai Sulawesi Tenggara dan beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan tambelo memiliki nilai gizi yang tinggi sehingga bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Tambelo sangat mudah mengalami pembusukan dan pengolahan tambelo belum banyak dilakukan sehingga tingkat konsumsinya rendah, oleh karena itu pembuatan tambelo fermentasi adalah cara yang tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat tambelo fermentasi menggunakan bakasang sebagai starter dan menentukan mutu produk akhirnya. Selama fermentasi tambelo, dilakukan analisis pH, NaCl, total bakteri, dan total bakteri asam laktat (BAL) setiap minggu selama 4 minggu, kemudian mutu produk akhir dianalisis komposisi kimia dan asam aminonya. Selama fermentasi nilai pH dan kadar NaCl mengalami penurunan, total bakteri dan total bakteri asam laktat (BAL) mengalami peningkatan sampai minggu ke dua lalu mengalami penurunan sampai minggu ke empat. Tambelo fermentasi memiliki kadar protein total yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tambelo segar dan proses fermentasi berlangsung sempurna meskipun kadarnya lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan komposisi asam amino total pada tambelo segar.

Optimasi Hidrolisis Mikrobiologi serta Bioaktivitas Antibakteri, Antioksidan, dan Antikoagulan Hidrolisat Ulva lactuca Putri, Ryana Tammi; Hardjito, Linawati; Santoso, Joko
Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 15, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020
Publisher : Balai Besar Riset Pengolahan Produk dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jpbkp.v15i2.657

Ulvan dalam hidrolisat Ulva lactuca merupakan senyawa bioaktif yang potensial di bidang biofarmakologi. Proses hidrolisis untuk memperoleh golongan senyawa ini dapat dilakukan secara kimiawi atau mikrobiologi. Proses mikrobiologi merupakan teknik yang potensial karena lebih mudah dan berbiaya rendah dibanding metode kimiawi. Namun, penelitian yang menggunakan teknik hidrolisis mikrobiologi masih sangat terbatas, terutama terhadap U. lactuca. Oleh karena itu, optimasi diperlukan agar mendapatkan teknik dengan hasil rendemen hidrolisat yang maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan optimasi proses hidrolisis secara mikrobiologi dan menelaah aktivitas biologis ekstrak hidrolisatnya. Proses hidrolisis mikrobiologi dilakukan dengan teknik padat dan cair menggunakan kapang endofit dari tanaman Enhalus dan isolat bakteri laut dari rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii. Teknik mikrobiologis ini juga dibandingkan dengan teknik kimiawi (HCl). Optimasi dilakukan terhadap variabel durasi waktu (3, 6, 9, dan 12 hari) hidrolisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen metode hidrolisis cair menggunakan bantuan kapang endofit dari tanaman Enhalus (51,67%) dan isolat bakteri laut dari rumput laut E. cottonii (52,67%), lebih tinggi dan berbeda secara signifikan (p<0,05) dibandingkan teknik kimiawi (37,02%). Waktu hidrolisis terbaik yang ditemukan adalah selama tiga hari. Sementara itu, karakterisasi bioaktivitas menunjukkan bahwa hidrolisat U. lactuca memiliki potensi sebagai bahan aktif antikoagulan, tanpa adanya aktivitas sebagai antioksidan (IC50>200 ppm) maupun antibakteri (menghambat 36% Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeroginosa).ABSTRACTThe Ulvan in Ulva lactuca hydrolysate is a potential bioactive compound in the biopharmacology field. The hydrolysis process to obtain this class of compounds can be done in various ways, both chemically and microbiologically. The microbiological process is a potential technique because it is easier and cheaper than the chemical method. However, studies conducted with the microbiology hydrolysis technique are still very limited, especially for U. lactuca. Thus, optimation is needed to reveal an appropriate technique that produces the maximum yield. This study aimed to optimize the microbiological hydrolysis process and identify the biological activity of the hydrolyzed extract. The microbiological hydrolysis process was performed by solid and liquid techniques using microbial endophytic fungi from Enhalus plants and marine bacteria isolated from Eucheuma cottonii. The microbiology technique was compared with chemical techniques (HCl). Optimization was also carried out on the variable of hydrolysis duration (3, 6, 9, and 12 days). The results showed that yield of liquid hydrolysis method using the microbial endophytic fungi from Enhalus plants (51.67%) and marine bacteria isolated from E. cottonii (52.67%), were higher and significantly different (p<0.05) than that of chemical techniques (37.02%). Moreover, the best hydrolysis duration was found in three days. Meanwhile, bioactivity testing showed that the hydrolysate was a potent anticoagulant agent, but not prospective as antioxidant (IC50>200 ppm) or antibacterial agent (36% Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa inhibition).

Since the primary storage nutrients in diatoms consist of lipid, they are potential for the industrial fatty acid production. High value fatty acids include arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. This study aimed to analyze fatty acid synthesis by Chaetoceros gracilis diatom during growth. There was a large increase in lipid yield from 4pg cell-1 mass of lipid per cell at the exponential phase to 283pg cell-1 at stationary phase. The lipid concentrations also increased ALBERTA RIKA PRATIWI; DAHRUL SYAH; LINAWATI HARDJITO; LILY MARIA GORETTI PANGGABEAN; MAGGY THENAWIDJAJA SUHARTONO
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 16 No. 4 (2009): December 2009
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.16.4.151

Since the primary storage nutrients in diatoms consist of lipid, they are potential for the industrial fatty acid production. High value fatty acids include arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. This study aimed to analyze fatty acid synthesis by Chaetoceros gracilis diatom during growth. There was a large increase in lipid yield from 4pg cell-1 mass of lipid per cell at the exponential phase to 283pg cell-1 at stationary phase. The lipid concentrations also increased significantly from the stationary phase to the death phase, but not significantly from the end exponential phase to the stationary phase. The relative percentage of saturated fatty acid (SAFA) of the total fatty acid was higher than that of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) at all of growth phase. The highest PUFA was found at stationary phase at the same time when SAFA was being the lowest. The majority of SAFA was palmitic acid (24.03-40.35%). MUFA contained significant proportion of oleic acid (19.6-20.9%). Oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid were found at every stage growth. These fatty acids are considered as precursor for production of long chain PUFA-Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA/22:6ω3) through series of desaturation and elongation step with all of desaturase enzyme (Δ8-D, Δ9-D, Δ12-D, Δ15-D, Δ17-D, Δ6-D, Δ5-D, and Δ4-D) and elongase enzyme (E). Key words: Chaetoceros gracilis, fatty acid, synthesis, saturated fatty acid (SAFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)

Characteristic of Fishball from Mixed-Surimi of Decapterus spp. and Lutjanus sp. on Chilling Storage . Chairita; Linawati Hardjito; Joko Santoso; . Santoso
Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia Vol 12 No 1 (2009): Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Aquatic Product Technology IPB University in collaboration with Masyarakat Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia (MPHPI)

The utilization of scad (Decapterus spp.) has not been done optimally. This species is a potential fish to be processed into surimi that is a raw material of fish jelly products, such as fishball. It contains red meat in greater proportion compared to white meat. For this reason, surimi of scad (Decapterus spp.) was produced using alkaline leaching method and mixed with red snapper (Lutjanus sp) surimi to be used a raw material of fishball. The fishball was added by chitosan at concentration of 0.1% as preservative, while carrageenan was added at concentration of 1% as gelling agent. The fishball was stored in chilling condition (0-4 oC). The results indicated that surimi of Decapterus spp. being leached twice showed the same quality as white meat surimi. Fishball containing red snapper surimi and scad surimi of 1:3 added by 25% of tapioca starch showed good physical and sensory characteristics. The mixed surimi of fresh fish meat was better in term of its physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics compared to the frozen one. Chitosan added at 0.1% could preserve the fishball for two weeks on chilling storage (0-4 oC) without causing any change of its physical and chemical characteristics. The fishball produced has a better flavor and texture was similar to commercial one.Keywords: chilling storage, Decapterus spp, fishball, Lutjanus sp, mixed-surimi.

Inhibitors Screening of β-lactamase Axinella Sponge Simbion Bacteria sp. Asadatun Abdullah; Linawati Hardjito; . Ernawati; Fatimah Abdillah
Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia Vol 11 No 2 (2008): Buletin Teknologi Hasil Perikanan
Publisher : Department of Aquatic Product Technology IPB University in collaboration with Masyarakat Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia (MPHPI)

Salah satu jenis antibiotik yang umum digunakan dalam pengobatan adalah β-laktam. Saat ini terdapat banyak bakteri patogen pada manusia yang resisten terhadap antibiotik β-laktam. Bakteri patogen yang resisten terhadap antibiotik β-laktam adalah bakteri yang mampu memproduksi enzim β-laktamase. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menapis produk alami inhibitor β-laktamase dari mikroorganisme simbion Axinella sp. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya, telah diisolasi dan diidentifikasi secara biokimia 7 isolat bakteri simbion sponge Axinella sp. Penapisan inhibitor β-laktamase dilakukan dengan metode agar difusi menggunakan bakteri target E.coli dan S.aureus resisten ampisilin koleksi Laboratorium Bioteknologi Hasil Perairan. Pengukuran resistensi terhadap E.coli dan S.aureus dilakukan pada konsentrasi ampisilin >32 μg/ml. Dari 7 isolat bakteri simbion yang ditapis secara intraseluler dan ekstraseluler, 4 isolat pada ekstraselulernya positif menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen E.coli dan S.aureus. 4 bakteri simbion tersebut adalah Bacillus sp., Halomonas sp., Alteromonas sp. dan Alteromonas sp. Identifikasi molekuler bakteri simbion dan karakterisasi golongan senyawa inbitor β-laktamase sedang dalam proses penelitian.Keywords : bakteri simbion Axinella sp., inhibitor β-laktamase, E.coli, S.aureus

MUTU SOSIS FERMENTASI IKAN PATIN (Pangasius sp.) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN SUHU RUANG Rita Marsuci Harmain; Linawati Hardjito; Winarti Zahiruddin
Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia Vol 15 No 2 (2012): Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Aquatic Product Technology IPB University in collaboration with Masyarakat Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia (MPHPI)

Catfish (Pangasius sp.) is a potential commodity for local and export market. Fermented sausage wich is highly flavor product and has specific aroma provides health benefit. The study was aimed to characterise fermented sausage of catfish (Pangasius sp.) during storage at room temperature for 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 days including hedonic sensory, microbiological and chemical characteristics. Fermented sausage of catfish using lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum 1B1 used to optimize the fermentation process. Analysis conducted during storage include hedonic sensory (texture, color, flavor), chemical (pH and a) and microbiological (total plate count), total lactic acid bacteria L. plantarum 1B1, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp., Salmonella sp., and mold/yeast) to obtain the best storage time. The result showed that the hedonic sensory was like-neutral, the chemical profile showed pH of 3,93-3,69 and aw of 0,88-0,79. Microbiological profile obtained total plate count 1.8 x108 CFU/g, total lactic acid bacteria L.plantarum 1B1 8.8 x 108 CFU/g. During storage there were no bacteria E. coli, Staphylococcus sp. and Salmonella sp., but the molds/yeasts obtained in storage on the 8th to 16th day.Key words: chemical, fermented sausage, hedonic sensory, microbiology, storage.

Fermentation of Tambelo and its product characteristics Lely Okmawaty Anwar; Linawati - Hardjito; Desniar - -
Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia Vol 17 No 3 (2014): Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia
Publisher : Department of Aquatic Product Technology IPB University in collaboration with Masyarakat Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia (MPHPI)

Tambelo (Bactronophorus sp.) is a wood borer grouped into mollusc and living in the mangrove logs that have died and suffered from decaying process. Regarding empirical experience of the coastal people of Southeast Sulawesi and some research, it indicates that tambelo has a high nutrition which is so beneficial for human’s health. Tambelo is highly perishable and the usage of it is hardly found so the consumption level is low, therefore fermenting the tambelo is the right way. The objectives of this research are to make fermentated tambelo by using bakasang as a starter and to determine the quality of final product.The value of pH, NaCl concentration, total bacteria, and total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) every week for 4 week were analyzed during fermentation, then the quality of final product were determined based on chemical composition and amino acids. During fermentation pH and NaCl concentration decreased however total bacteria and total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increased in to two weeks then decreased until the fourth week. Tambelo fermentation has a total protein contents which is higher than the total protein of fresh tambelo and fermentation proses was run perfectly although the level are lower than the total amino acid compotition in fresh tambelo.Keywords: fermentation, mangrove, tambelo

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