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Infiltrasi dan Aliran Permukaan sebagai Respon Perlakuan Konservasi Vegetatif pada Pertanaman Kakao ., Nurmi; Haridjaja, O.; Arsyad, S.; Yahya, S.
Jurnal Agroteknotropika Vol 1, No 1, 2012
Publisher : Jurnal Agroteknotropika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (84.893 KB)

Cacao plant is one of the major commodities of plantation in South East Sulawesi, especially in Konawe regency. Practices of land management implemented by the local farmers to produce this cacao, in many cases are not according to soil and water conservation principles. The research was aimed to investigating the rate of infiltration and runoff on the loca farmers cacao cropping land at different slope as related to canopy cover. The research was conducted in Amosilu village, Besulutu district, Konawe regency, the province of South East Sulawesi, from December 2006 to September 2007. The experimental method with field study was applied in split plot design consisting three factors, namely (i) slope consisting two levels (10-15% and 40-45%) and (ii) age of the cacao plant consisting two levels (5 to 7 month and 25 to 27 month) were used as main plots (P1 = 5 to 7 month and 10-15%; P2 = 25 to 27 month and 10-15%; P3 = 5 to 7 month and 40-45%; and P4 = 25 to 27 month and 40-45%), while (iii) vegetative conservation treatment was used as sub plots consisting three levels, i.e T1 = cacao with disc clearing, T2 = dry field rice and soybean rotation within cacao plant, T3 = T2 + Arachis pintoi as strip plant. There was not interaction between both cacao plant and slope treatment with vegetative conservation treatment to water infiltration and runoff. The result showed that vegetative conservation treatment (T1) that is cacao with disc clearing was best alternative because they were produced the higher rate of total volume of infiltration(18.69 mm) and the lower rate of runoff (2715.44 m3 ha-1 year-1). Analysis of data with ANOVA (analysis of variance) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (P < 0,05) were done by using SAS program.

CHANGES OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER FRACTION ON ULTISOLS JASINGA BY SOIL TILLAGE AND ORGANIC MATTER PRACTICES NURIDA, NENENG LAILA; HARIDJAJA, O.; ARSYAD, S.; SUDARSONO, .; KURNIA, UNDANG; DJAJAKIRANA, G.
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 26 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n26.2007.%p

In situ organic matters, such as Mucuna sp., Flemingia sp., and plant residues differ in quality (in terms of lignin, cellulose and nutrients contents). Such difference determines soil organic matter content especially labile fraction that could effect on soil properties. The aims of this research were to study: 1) the effects of various sources and quality of organic matters on soil organic fraction, and 2) the relationships between the changes of particulate organic matter and C-microbes (POM and Cmic) and soil quality indicators. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse of the Center for Soil and Agroclimate Research and Development, Bogor, from January to May 2003. The factorial completely randomized design was used with three replications. The first factor was the method of organic matters application: 1) mulch on soil surface and 2) incorporated with soils. The second factor was the sources of organic matters (dosage in equvalent with 2% organic C), i.e: 1) Mucuna sp., 2) Flemingia sp., 3)maize residue, 4) mixture of Mucuna sp., and Flemingia sp., 5) mixture of Flemingia sp. and maize residue, 6) mixture of Mucuna sp. and maize residue, and 7) mixture of Mucuna sp., Flemingia sp., and maize residue. The results showed that on organic matter application with incorporated method, C/N ratio and lignin content of organic matter have positive correlation with organic C, Cmic and Cmic/Corg, but have negative correlation with POMp. The changes of soil qualities caused by short term organic matter application could be seen from the changes of labile fraction of organic matter. When organic matter was incorporated, POMtand POMt/Corg have positive correlation with bulk density, but have negative correlation with RPT, PDC, available K, and total- N. When organic matter was spreaded on the soil surface, Cmic has positive correlation with available P. The changes on labile fraction (Cmic and POMt) was easy to be detected in short period, thus the changes of physical characteristics and the availability of macro nutrients is easy to be predicted.

CARBON LOSS FROM SEVERAL LANDUSE TYPE ON TROPICAL PEAT LANDS DRAINED MASWAR, .; HARIDJAJA, O.; SABIHAM, SUPANDI; VAN NOORDWIJK, M.
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 34 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n34.2011.13-25

Conversion Conversion and drainage of peat land stimulate soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization, which substantially increase carbon loss from soils. Carbon losses from peat lands are probably a major component in global greenhouse gas emissions. The objectives of this study are to evaluate carbon loss from several land use of peat drained, and to evaluate factors affected carbon loss from several land use on peat drained. The study was conducted in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province from May 2008 until October 2009. Carbon losses were calculated by interpretation data of bulk density (BD), ash content and carbon content from 0-50 cm top soil of peat lands. Peat lands characteristics i.e. physical, chemical and biological properties were investigated by field observation and analysis of peat soil samples on the laboratorium. The results showed that: 1) ash content and bulk density of the peat are related, indicating the partial lost of soil C during decomposition and compaction, 2) an ?internal tracer? estimate of peat C loss yields estimates of CO2 flux up to 56 t CO2-eq ha-1 year-1 for young oil palm, highly correlated with the measured rates of subsidence of the surface, 3) landscape level variation in maximum water table, salinity and Fe of peat are correlated with measured peat carbon loss.

Effects of Soil Texture on Characteristics of Hydrograph Unit and Modelling Flood Prediction (Case Study in Separi Watershed, Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan) M. LUTHFUL HAKIM; O. HARIDJAJA; . SUDARSONO; G. IRIANTO
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 26 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n26.2007.%p

A Research on effects of soil texture on hydrograph unit characteristic and flood prediction modelling in East Kalimantan need to be developed, because intensity and area of flood progressively increased. The objectives of this research are : 1) to study the effects of soil texture on the characteristic of hydrograph unit, 2) to develop flood prediction models (peak discharge and time to peak discharge) of Separi watershed, and 3) to determine an optimal landuse area composition in line with flood and Separi watershed management. The location of research site is on Separi watershed in Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan at 00003’-00038’ S and 117008’-117031’ E coordinate position. Field research has been conducted from January to June 2006. The methodology of the research based on several steps, e.i. : 1) data collecting, 2) flood prediction models development, 3) model accuration testing, and 4) model application. Themodel of flood prediction based on: 1) modelling of production function and 2) modelling of transfer function. The result showed that soil texture has an effect towards peak discharge and time to peak discharge. Soil with loam texture has peak discharge higher than soil with sand and clay texture, whereas time to peak discharge of soil with clay texture is higher than soil with loam and sand texture. Flood prediction (peak discharge and time to peak discharge) based on land characteristics and watershedgeomorphology was able to simulate peak discharge and time to peak discharge, which has no different result compared with result from measurement. Analysis of optimum composition landuse with decreasing peak discharge and time to peak discharge indicated that compositions of landuse in Separi watershed are 54% for forest area, 1,9% for farm/garden, 0,12% for urban, 0,5% for paddy field, 42% for shrubs/underbrush, and 1,99% for coal-mining.

Water Movement in the Soil with Different Pore Characteristics and Its Effect to Crop Water Availability ENNI D. WAHJUNIE; O. HARIDJAJA; SOEDODO H.; . SUDARSONO
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 28 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n28.2008.%p

The understanding of water movement in the soils plays an important role for crop water availability. Up to now, crop water availability in dryland still has a problem. Rainfall is the main source of crop water availability in dryland, but it is unpredictable to cover crop water requirements. To optimize the crop water availability in dryland, the study of the relationship between water movement, rainfall, and soil pores characteristics in the soils is required. This research was aimed to investigate the water movement in the soils with different soil pores due to the difference of soil management. The study was conducted at three blocks of lands with the soil type of Inceptisols, located at Bojong Village, Kemang Sub DIstrict, Bogor District in 2006. The soils investigated were abandoned large frog (Ipomoea reptans), paddy, and peanuts that reflected soil management. The data measurements were focused on water content, rainfall, climatedata, water flux, transient water movement, and water distribution. The results showed that the water fluxes and the transient water movements were significantly affected by the amount of rainfall. The water fluxes in the abandoned peanuts were significantly higher than those at the other lands, while the transient water movements at abandoned paddy field were significantly higher than those at the land with large frog and peanuts. The soil water content during the growing season at the abandoned paddy field was significantly higher compared to the other lands. The amount of rainfall which are held in the soils during the growing season at the abandoned peanuts was significantly high. The result of this research can be use to estimate crop water requirement for irrigation.

A Preliminary Criteria and Classification of Land Degradation Level on Dryland (Case Study : Dryland in Bogor Regency) SANTUN R.P. SITORUS; B. SUSANTO; O. HARIDJAJA
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 34 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n34.2011.48-65

Optimization of dry land utilization in Indonesia including in Bogor Regency is generally still has a lot of constraints. One of the causes is land degradation. At the moment, land degradation inventory is still resulting tentative acreages, since the criterion and overcome priority were different among institutions. This research aims (1) to know variables affecting level of land degradation, and (2) to compose criterion (classes range) andclassification of land degradation level in dry land both for reconnaissance and semi-detail scales based on variables affecting level of degradation. The research was conducted at three subdistricts, namely Sukamakmur, Babakan Madang and Cigudeg subdistricts. Data was collected on surveys through a case study. Biophysical data and soil samples were collected at60 key regions (derived from 3 subdistricts x 5 land critical levels x 4 replications). On each key region, undisturbed and composite soil samples were collected, altogether 60 undisturbed and 60 composite soil samples. The data were analyzed using discriminant analysis and cluster analysis. This research was resulting three criterions (range of classes) for five variables determining level of land degradation for reconnaissance and eight variables for semi-detail scales. The five variables for reconnaissance scale were type of bedrock, slope, conservation practices (P-value), silt percentage, and land use/vegetation (Cvalue). The eight variables for semi-detail scale were type of bedrock, slope, conservation practices (P-value), silt percentage, land use/vegetation (C-value), P-available, exchangeable Al, and H. This research had also generated three degradation levels for reconnaissance and semi-detail scales. The classification of land degradation for reconnaissance scale were (1) slightly degraded land (score <16), (2) moderately degraded land (score 16-39),and (3) strongly degraded land (score >39). Whilst, the classification of land degradation for semi-detail scale were (1) slightly degraded land (score <15), (2) moderately degraded land (score 15-38), and (3) strongly degraded land (score > 38).

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