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SUHU PERMUKAAN DAN KANDUNGAN PANAS LAUT PERAIRAN INDONESIA DALAM SATU ABAD TERAKHIR Mutiara Rachmat Putri; Iwan Pramesti Anwar; Ayi Tarya; Idris Mandang
Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Vol 23, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan BMKG

Histori kenaikan suhu permukaan laut (SPL) telah terjadi sejak revolusi industri dunia. Secara alamiah kejadian letusan gunung yang dahsyat dapat pula mempengaruhi suhu air laut hingga kedalaman laut tertentu. Suhu air laut ini sangat mempengaruhi kandungan panas laut, yang berperan penting dalam mengatur kondisi iklim yang terjadi di bumi. Kandungan panas laut di Perairan Indonesia dihitung menggunakan data temperatur berdasarkan data Met Office Hadley Observation “EN 4.1.1” yang merupakan hasil model numerik dan asimilasi data pengamatan, dengan resolusi ruang 1o x 1o dan rentang waktu bulanan dari tahun 1901-2015 atau selama 115 tahun. Kandungan panas laut dihitung di kedalaman 0-100 m dan total kedalaman perairan Indonesia. Kandungan panas laut permukaan di Indonesia dari tahun 1901-2015 mengalami kenaikan sebesar 2x1014 J, namun sebaliknya di kedalaman total turun sebesar -2x1014 J. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perubahan iklim dari interaksi laut udara di permukaan laut, yang ditunjukkan pula adanya trend kenaikan SPL dalam kurun waktu 115 tahun. Pengaruh dari Samudra Pasifik yang masuk melalui Sistem Arus Laut Indonesia diperkirakan menjadi penggerak utama kenaikan kandungan panas laut di Indonesia. Selama indeks Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) memiliki fase positif menyebabkan turunnya kandungan panas di Perairan Indonesia dan sebaliknya fase negatif PDO menyebabkan naiknya kandungan panas laut rata-rata.

Observation and numerical modeling of physical oceanography in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan: Preliminary results Mutiara Rachmat Putri; Iwan P Anwar; Zetsaona Sihotang; Lamona I. Bernawis; Agus Setiawan; Muhammad Riza; Idris Mandang; Willem M. Tatipatta
Depik Vol 10, No 2 (2021): August 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala

The Indonesian government plans to move the capital city from Jakarta to Penajam Paser Utara (PPU) which is the upstream area of Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan. There are several activities in the planned new capital city that potentially affect the condition of land and marine ecosystems, including clearing new land for housing and agriculture as well as expanding mining and petroleum areas. Directly or indirectly, these activities could affect the oceanographic conditions of Balikpapan Bay. For this reason, in order to obtain an up-to-date picture of Balikpapan Bay, an oceanographic survey was conducted in early March 2020. In addition, to support the analysis of marine dynamics in these waters and their predictions in the future, numerical simulations of hydrodynamic modeling were also carried out. Oceanographic observations indicate significant water stratification in the area about 20 km from the mouth of the bay. This result is also well illustrated in the hydrodynamic model numerical simulation, where there is a water loop at the confluence between salt and fresh water masses from two rivers 18-20 km from the mouth of Balikpapan Bay. Keywords:The national capital city of IndonesiaBalikpapan BayPhysical oceanography ObservationCoastal and marine Ecosystem

ANALISIS SPASIAL PERGERAKAN MASSA AIR DI LAUT HALMAHERA DAN LAUT BANDA MENGGUNAKAN METODE EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL FUNCTION (EOF) Muhammad Adi Fachrudy; Rahmawati Munir; Idris Mandang
JURNAL GEOSAINS KUTAI BASIN Vol 1 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Geophysics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/geofisunmul.v1i1.159

The movement of water masses that occurred in the Indonesian Sea is the result of the interaction of two ocean, Pacific and Indian Ocean demonstrated by the change in salinity and temperature levels. Oceanographic research in Halmahera and Banda Sea have been carried out by analyzing changes in the level of temperature, salinity and currents on the surface of each season, West Monsoon and East Monsoon in 2010 by using Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF). The verification of the data was done by comparing the temperature and salinity data were obtained from output of HYCOM model (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model) + NCODA Global 1/12 Reanalysis to observation data for 8 days in the Halmahera and Banda Sea. The results of the research showed changes in temperature and salinity that occurred in Halmahera Sea and have ranged between 28.5 ºC - 29 ºC and 34.1 psu - 34.6 psu was strongly influenced by water masses from the Pacific Ocean. The range of temperature and salinity have occurred during the West Monsoon, these water masses comes from the South Pacific moved towards Halmahera Sea brought by the New Guinea Coastal Current and that current was strong (1.06 m/s) at the time of East Monsoon took place in Indonesia. Unlike the Halmahera Sea, Banda Sea has a tendency to have temperature changes (26.9 ºC – 29.8 ºC) during the period of seasonal cycles that caused by its large region and the confluence of the water masses that come from Java Sea, Makassar Strait and affected by the temperature of Arafura Sea which has strong interaction from Indian Ocean.

IDENTIFIKASI LAPISAN AKUIFER AIR TANAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE GEOELEKTRISITAS KONFIGURASI SCHLUMBERGER DI TAMAN SALMA SHOFA SAMARINDA, KALIMANTAN TIMUR Bayu Rezky; Idris Mandang
JURNAL GEOSAINS KUTAI BASIN Vol 2 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Geophysics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/geofisunmul.v2i2.472

The geoelectric method is one of the geophysical methods. It studies the electrical properties on earth and detects on the surface of the earth. In this case includes the measurement of potential, currents and electromagnetic fields that occur either naturally or due to injection of current into the earth. This research was conducted at Salma Shofa garden. Geographically, the location of Salma Shofa Garden is located at 117° 12' 43.0326" E, 0° 28' 40.0238" S to 117° 13' 14.1068" E, 0° 29' 06.5236" S. In the two line was measured to obtain the values of apparent resistivity (ρa) this using the Schlumberger array. These values are processed by the IPI2win program to obtain 1-D from each line. The results of geoelectric modeling indicate the deep of ground water. The resistivity values in line 1 is 49.2Ω.m-51.8 Ω.m. and 49.2Ω.m-51.8Ω.m in line 2.

Studi Perubahan Fase Bulan Terhadap Nilai Tunggang Pasang Surut dan Slack Water dari Penanggalan Hijriah Puteri Buana Rizqi; Devina Rayzy Perwitasari; Idris Mandang
JURNAL GEOSAINS KUTAI BASIN Vol 4 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Geophysics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/geofisunmul.v4i2.716

Penanggalan hijriah atau biasa disebut sebagai penanggalan islam adalah sistem penanggalan yang menggunakan pergerakan bulan sebagai acuannya. Dalam ilmu Oseanografi, pergerakan bulan mempengaruhi dinamika pasang surut. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan fase bulan terhadap tunggang pasang surut dan slack water. Penelitian ini berlokasi di Dermaga Pantai Mutiara Muara Badak pada tanggal 29 Januari – 17 Februari 2107. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Least Square untuk menganalisis konstanta pasang surut dan algoritma Fast Fourier Transform untuk tipe pasang surut. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah pasang tertinggi terjadi saat masuknya bulan purnama dikarenakan posisi bumi dan bulan sejajar dengan matahari sehingga gaya tariknya lebih besar. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberi informasi tentang penentuan penanggalan hijriah menurut nilai tunggang pasang surut.

Pengaruh El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Terhadap Debit Sungai Mahakam Kalimantan Timur Rahmiati Rahmiati; Idris Mandang
JURNAL GEOSAINS KUTAI BASIN Vol 5 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Geophysics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/geofisunmul.v5i2.1064

El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) merupakan fenomena laut-atmosfer yang berdampak terhadap perubahan iklim di seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia. Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) merupakan salah satu indikator dari ENSO. SOI memberikan gambaran kejadian El Nino atau La Nina di Samudra Pasifik. SOI dihitung menggunakan perbedaan tekanan antara Tahiti dan Darwin. Fase El Nino berada pada nilai SOI dibawah -7 dan La Nina berada pada nilai SOI di atas dari +7 [1]. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh ENSO terhadap debit Sungai Mahakam di Kalimantan Timur menggunakan analisis Korelasi Pearson (Pearson Product-Moment Correlation). Data yang digunakan merupakan data yang diperoleh dari 4 stasiun pengamatan mulai dari tahun 2008 sampai tahun 2012. Analisis korelasi dibagi menjadi lag 0, lag 1, lag 2 dan lag 3. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pada lag 0 diperoleh korelasi positif yang hampir semua stasiun nilai koefisien korelasinya (r) lebih besar dari 0,3 (korelasi sedang). Pada lag ini hanya satu stasiun yang nilai r nya di bawah 0,3. Pada lag 1 terjadi korelasi positif dan negative yang kebanyakan berkorelasi lemah dengan nilai -0.07 ≤ r ≤0.23. Hanya ada satu stasiun yang berkorelasi sedang dengan nilai r lebih dari 0,3. Pada lag 2 dan lag 3 semua stasiun berkorelasi lemah dengan nilai -0.3 ≤ r ≤ 0.17. Dari hasil tersebut dapat terlihat bahwa korelasi tertinggi adalah korelasi sedang dengan korelasi positif yang terjadi pada lag 0 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kejadian ENSO berdampak langsung terhadap debit Sungai Mahakam meskipun pengaruhnya tidak terlalu besar. Dari hasil juga mengindikasikan bahwa ketika kondisi El Nino maka debit sungai akan menurun dan akan meningkat ketika kondisi La Nina

Studi Identifikasi Sebaran Ion Logam Pb, Cu, As dan Cd pada Air dan Sedimen di Perairan Bontang Kalimantan Timur Menggunakan Metode Kriging (Ordinary Kriging) ani ani ani; Wahidah Wahidah; Idris Mandang
JURNAL GEOSAINS KUTAI BASIN Vol 6 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Geophysics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/geofisunmul.v6i1.1001

Bontang is one of the cities in East Kalimantan which is geographically located in coastal areas so that it is very vulnerable to marine pollution both from domestic human and industrial activities. This study aims to determine the level and pattern of distribution of poluton metal ions Pb, Cu, As and Cd in water and sediments in Bontang waters using the Kriging (Ordinary Kriging) method. In this study, 4 observation samples were used which were tested in the laboratory to determine the content of heavy metals. Furthermore, the data from laboratory tests along with 4 secondary data were interpolated using the ordinary kriging method with an exponential model to determine the pattern of contour distribution in Bontang waters. The results showed that the heavy metal with the highest distribution value in water and sediment is cadmium with a susceptibility value ranging from 0.006 mg/l to 9.070 mg/l. In general, the pattern of spread of heavy metals originates from coastal areas in a southeasterly direction. The most influential thing on this pattern of spread is tidal currents and bathymetry.

ANALISIS VARIABILITAS SPASIAL DAN TEMPORAL KONSENTRASI NITRAT DI LAUT HALMAHERA DAN LAUT BANDA MENGGUNAKAN METODE EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL FUNCTION (EOF) Zetsaona Sihotang; Idris Mandang; Rahmawati Munir
JURNAL GEOSAINS KUTAI BASIN Vol 1 No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Geophysics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/geofisunmul.v1i1.163

The East Indonesian ocean water is highly complex waters where it has become the passage of water masses from Pacific Ocean to Indian Ocean. Halmahera Sea and Banda Sea has an important role as one of the global ocean current trajectory from Pacific Ocean to Indian Ocean. The movement of water masses that occuring in this region has affect the condition and its fertility. One of the nutrients that affect the process of the growth of the pythoplankton and other microorganism is nitrate and it has become one of the indicators of waters fertility. This research aims to find out the effect of temperature and salinity on the change of nitrate concentration using Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) method. This method is used to separate the spatial and temporal data linkage in order to obtain the dominant spatial and temporal patterns. The data that used for the analysis was obtained from the output of the HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model) model + NCODA Global 1/12º Reanalysis. The result of the analysis showing that the nitrate concentration was highly sensitive on the change of temperature in the ocean specifically in the Banda Sea region. The nitrate concentration increased during the East Monsoon where the sea surface temperatures dropped to 25ºC. In the West Monsoon, the sea surface temperature is warmer than usual so that the Banda Sea has a low nitrate concentration. In other hand, salinity did not show a significant effect on changes of nitrate concentration in the region of the Banda Sea and Halmahera Sea.

Studi karakteristik Sedimen di Estuari Delta Mahakam Kalimantan Timur Geogy Anggara; Idris Mandang; Rahmiati Munir
JURNAL GEOSAINS KUTAI BASIN Vol 4 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Geophysics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/geofisunmul.v4i1.460

The Mahakam Delta has complex characteristics. It has river branches to connect directly in the Makassar Strait. River discharge carries sediments from upstream to the high-salinity water in Estuary which causes mixing. The purposes of this study are to determine the characteristics of sediments and to know the pattern of sediment distribution in the Estuary of Mahakam Delta. The value of the manual processing of sediments become the initial value in modeling the pattern of sediment distribution using ECOMSED model. The model is run for 40 days (07 July - 16 August 2019). Discharge and tidal also use in the running data. The results of manual processing show the characteristics of muddy sediments with an average of 0.002 mm. The simulation results show that the pattern of sediment distribution carried by surface currents. The highest of sediment concentration when the high tide is on the Estuary and on offshore when the low tide. Keywords: The Mahakam Delta, Sediment, Distribution pattern, Sediment Characteristics

IDENTIFIKASI ZONA PROSPEK RESERVOAR BERDASARKAN DATA SEISMIK PADA LAPANGAN BOONSVILLE FORT WORTH BASIN TEXAS UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Nur Rafif Musyaffa; Idris Mandang; Rahmiati Rahmiati
JURNAL GEOSAINS KUTAI BASIN Vol 4 No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Geophysics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/geofisunmul.v4i1.690

The aim of the research is to identify reservoir prospect zone in Caddo and Vineyard zone at Boonsville field, Fort Worth Basin, Texas, United States of America. In this research used 3D PSTM (Post Stack Time Migration) reflection seismic data and BY18D borehole data. Data processing of seismic inversion obtained Acoustic Impedance (AI) value. Well logging data obtained effective porosity (PHIE) value. From analysis, the results of reservoir zonation obtained on Caddo and Vineyard zone. Distribution of reservoir prospect zone in BY18D can be seen from depth marker data in 4735-5740 feet depth. After zonation process was conducted, effective porosity value (PHIE) was obtained. Analysis from well logging In Caddo zone, 12% porosity value obtained in 4735-4830 feet depth. In Vineyard zone, 13% porosity value obtained in 5647-5740 feet depth. The Results of the study is obtained effective porosity (PHIE) with moderate value. Afterward, in seismic inversion data processing, range of Acoustic Impedance value was obtained. In Caddo zone, the range is 37500-42500 (m/s)*(gr/cc). In Vineyard zone, the range is 35000-42500(m/s)*(gr/cc). The results describe high value of acoustic impedance seismic analysis results, it shows the high acoustic impedance value distribution, that indicated a moderate effective porosity (PHIE) value distribution.

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