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All Journal JURNAL SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI INDONESIA JURNAL TEKNOLOGI LINGKUNGAN Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)
Hartiniati Hartiniati
Peneliti Pusat Teknologi Pengembangan Sumberdaya Energi, BPPT Jakarta, INDONESIA
Computer Science & IT Education Energy Environmental Science

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IDENTIFIKASI TINGKAT REAKTIFITAS KATALIS DASAR BESI JENIS LIMONIT DAN PIRIT PADA PROSES PENCAIRAN BATUBARA Hanif, Muhammad; Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink)

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Abstract

The effect of a highly dispersed limonite synthetic catalyst and natural pyritecatalyst on the liquefaction of Yallourn coal in relation to thetransformation into pyrrhotite (Fe1-x S) was examined and compared. Thestudy suggests that γ-FeOOH catalyst can be transformed into smallerpyrrhotite at lower temperatures around 250oC, and therefore promotes theactivation of gaseous hydrogen notably at the heating stage up to 450oC.Keeping H2S concentration at approximately 0.1vol% in the gas phase wasfound to be an effective way of maintaining the liquefaction activity of therecycle catalyst, due to the restraint of both troilite formation and theagglomeration of pyrrhotite. The study also demonstrates that a high oilyield over 60wt% daf can be obtained successfully in the coal liquefaction ofYallourn coal with the reduction of catalyst γ-Fe00H loading.Kata Kunci : pyrrhotite, troilite, coal liquefaction, pyrite
HYDROTREATMENT KATALITIK MINYAK RINGAN DENGAN KATALIS NiMo DAN PENGARUH SPESIES NITROGEN Murti, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo; Hartiniati, Hartiniati; Eliyanti, Agustina
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 6, No 2 (2010)
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Abstract

Gas Oil fraction of petroleum was hydrotreated (hydrodesulfurization, HDS) overNiMo/Al2O3 catalyst in a 100 ml autoclave reactor. The reaction was conducted at340 oC under 5MPa H2 pressure for 60 min. to investigate the correlation ofnitrogen species in the HDS. The inhibition effects of these species are alsoinvestigated by using original and its N-free gas oil. Hydrogen renewal betweenstages was attempted to reveal an additional effect of the by-products such asH2S. All species in the gas oils were analyzed by GC-AED before and afterhydrotreatment. HDS over NiMo/Al2O3 was largely improved by removal ofnitrogen species. Refractory sulfur species were effectively removed by theremoval of nitrogen species and renewal of hydrogen in staged HDS, showingsynergy effects due to simultaneous removal of two inhibitors.Kata kunci: gas oil, hydrodesulfurization, nitrogen inhibition, GC-AED
FEASIBILITY STUDY ON COAL LIQUEFACTION PROJECT IN KALIMANTAN Hartiniati, Hartiniati; Hanif, Muhammad; Tamura, Masaki; Yanai, Shunichi; Shigehisa, Takuo
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 2 (2008)
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Abstract

Tulisan ini secara ringkas nejelaskan studi kelayakan pabrik pencairan batubaraperingkat rendah yang berlokasi di dekat pantai Kalimantan Selatan (coastalCase) sebagai alternatif lokasi dari studi kelayakan yang sebelumnya dilaksanaanuntuk lokasi pedalaman di Banko, Sumatera Selatan (inland case). Tujuan utamastudi ini, pertama untuk menginvestigasi efek lokasi pabrik terhadap keekonomianproyek, dan kedua untuk mengidentifikasi poetnsi kelayakan proyek pencairanbatubara pabrik pabrik komersial pionir di Indonesia. Didandingkan dengan aksuspedalaman, lokasi dekat pantai mempunyai keunggulan dari segi penghematanbiaya konstruksi dan biaya transportasi sampai dengan 10%. Analisis finansialdengan metode DCF telah memberikan hasil yang menjanjikan bahwa pabrikpionir kapasitas 12.000 ton per hari sudah dapat memproduksi bahan bakarminyak bersih dari batubara bersih tahun 2011, pada tingkat harga US$ 23.3/bbl(FOB, Berau Lati) and US$ 26.1/bbl (FOB, Mulia Satui) dengan harga aktual(COE=1.0). Pabrik pinoir dengan kapasitas kecil (3.000 tob per hari) masih dinilailayak dengan insentif berupa harga batubar alebih rendah, bunga pinjaman llunakdan lainnya.Keywords: banko coal, mulia satui, berau lati, metode DCF, pencairan batubara
PENCAIRAN BATUBARA LIGNIT DAN SUBBITUMINOUS DENGAN DUA SISTEM REAKTAN BERBEDA TANPA KATALIS DAN PELARUT Artanto, Yuli; Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 5, No 2 (2009)
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Abstract

This study of coal liquefaction in the absence of catalyst and solvent wasconducted. In this research a comparison of two different coals was carried out tosee characteristic of each coal on the liquefaction reaction. The effect ofhydrogen and CO/H2O were also checked to understand the mechanism of theprocess. Lignite or brown coal from Tanjung Enim and sub bituminous coal fromEast Kalimantan are used in this study. The results suggest that increase in coalrank from lignite to sub bituminous did not alter the conversion significantly.Surprisingly, the reduction in conversion of sub bituminous coal by its inorganicand mineral content noted for hydrogenation reactions (with added tetralin) is notobserved in CO/H2O reactions. For lignite, there is a tendency for conversion toincrease.Kata kunci: lignit, sub bituminous coal, non solvent hydrogenation
EVALUASI REAKTIFITAS KATALIS NiMo DALAM PROSES PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO SELATAN DAN AUSTRALIAN LOY YANG Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 1 (2008)
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Abstract

Indonesia South Banko (BS) and Australian Loy Yang (LY) were liquefied usingtwo hydrogenation catalysts, Ni/Mo and Co/Mo at mild condition (400oC, 6MPa(H2 cold)). The study shows that the use of Ni/Mo in hydrogenation for both BSand LY coals gives a higher total conversion, asphaltene and OGW (oil-gaswater)yields than that of Co/Mo. The use of Ni/Mo for LY coal hydrogenationgives higher total coanversion and asphaltene yield than SB coal. This suggeststhat SB has more condensed structure than LY coal. However, the amount of oilyield is similar for both coals. Furthermore, the use of Co/Mo for both coals alsogives almost equal result in total conversion, asphaltene and OGW yields.Addition of sulphur (as CS2) enhances the total conversion and OGW yield forboth catalysts Ni/Mo and Co/Mo. Sulphur addition on Ni/Mo treated coal did notimprove the asphaltene yield, but converted it into lower molecular weight.Adding sulphur could also improve total conversion for Co/Mo treated coal similarto Ni/Mo/CS2 treated coal. Increasing reaction time also improves the totalconversion, asphaltene and OGW yield. The reactivitiy of BS and LY in this studyis also dependent on their behaviour or characteristic, such the environment ofoxygen content in the macro structure of the coal.Kata kunci: south banko coal, australian loy yang coal, ni/mo catalyst, co/mocatalyst, asphaltene, coal liquefaction
UPGRADING KATALITIK DISTILAT MINYAK BATUBARA BANKO SELATAN DENGAN KATALIS NiMo SULFIDA Murti, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo; Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 2 (2008)
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Abstract

Catalytic hydrotreatment of South Banko coal liquid (SBCL) middle distillate (b.p.300 – 420 oC) was performed over NiMo sulfides catalysts. The hydrotreatmentwas conducted in an autoclave of 50 ml capacity under the conditions of 340 –420 oC, 60 and 120 min and initial hydrogen pressure of 5 – 10 MPa. Thehydrotreatment reduced the contents of all heteroatom species (S, N and O).Sulfur species were easiest to be removed, while nitrogen species were mostrefractory. Reactivities of some representative heteroatom species weremeasured to find the refractory species in coal liquid by GC-AED. Carbonsupported catalyst was compared to alumina supported one confirming its higheractivity for hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation.Kata kunci: coal liquid, middle distillate, Katalis NiMo, hydrotreatment,heteroatom, GC-AED, hidrodesulfurisasi, hidrodeoksigenasi,hidrodenitrogenasi
ANALISIS KONSUMSI HIDROGEN PADA PENCAIRAN BATUBARA BANKO TENGAH DAN RESIDU KILANG MINYAK BALIKPAPAN Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 3, No 2 (2007)
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Abstract

A series of liquefaction test to understand the effect of initial hydrogen pressureon the yield structure of Banko coal liquefaction under the presence of catalystand short residue solvent was studied. Three sets of initial pressure at 5, 9 and12MPa were tested under liquefaction condition. The test was carried out in CoalLiquefaction Laboratory-BPPT, using 1 liter autoclave at temperature of 450oC forone hour. The results showed that by increasing the initial H2 pressure from5MPa to 9 and 12MPa would improve the distillate yield for about 8-9wt%dafc.This was due to the availability of hydrogen gas provided at 5MPa was smallerthan 9MPa and 12MPa, so that the molecular hydrogen transformed into protonhydrogen and involved in stabilizing decomposed coal structure and shortresidue became larger. It was found that the changes of H2O, CO+CO2 and ofC1~C4 yields were independent to the variable of initial hydrogen pressure. Theseresults possibly confirm that H2O and CO+CO2 yield depend on the raw coalquality input. It was also found that at higher initial pressure (>9MPa), thehydrogen consumption was become less. This may confirm that hydrogen donoravailability of short residue at higher pressure plays a good role in the reaction sothat less amount of hydrogen from the gas is required for the liquefactionreaction.Kata kunci: hydrogen-donor, catalyst, liquefaction yield
PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU REAKSI PADA KONVERSI KATALITIK RESIDU MINYAK BUMI Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 4, No 2 (2008)
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Abstract

A hydroconversion catalytic process of Indonesian petroleum residue from Plaju(UP IV) refinery plant was investigated. A series of liquefaction tests using a 1liter stirred batch autoclave reactor under reference condition e.i.: initial hydrogenpressure of 12 MPa and 2.0 of atomic ratio of sulfur to iron were conducted. Theinfluence of the temperature of 430,450,470oC and the reaction time of 30,60,90minute was used and compare the yield structure of each run. It was found thatthe oil yield and gases CO, CO2 and hydrocarbon yield increased significantly bythe increasing of the temperature reaction and holding time. While, the liquidbottom yield had a tendency to decrease which reversely to the oil yield. It alsoappeared that hydrogen consumption would tend to increase with increasing oilyield, leading to the more efficiently use of gaseous hydrogen. As a result, thehydroconversion catalytic process could be applied to upgrade petroleum residuewhich indicated by increasing oil yield in mild condition.Kata Kunci: hidrokonversi katalitik, residu minyak bumi
UJI PENINGKATAN MUTU BATUBARA PERINGKAT RENDAH SUMATERA SELATAN Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 7, No 1 (2011)
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Abstract

A study of coal upgrading by way of evaporative method using coal from SouthSumatra is conducted. Preliminary inestigation on Upgrading of Brown Coal(UBC) process using Central and South Banko coals suggests that the processcan be applied to both coals (called S-BK and C-BK) without any operationalproblem. It produces high quality-stable coals in the briquette form with a calorificvalue of more than 6,500kcal/kg. Moreover, its spontaneous combustioncharacteristic is also suppressed comparing to that conventional drying method.This is due to the addition of aspal (heavy oil) in the solution of kerosene, wherethe aspal then soaked in the micropore of to prevent reabsorption of water whenput in the air.Kata Kunci: upgrading brown coal, Banko coal, briket batubara, spontaneouscombustion
FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF BANKO COAL LIQUEFACTION Hartiniati, Hartiniati
Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) Vol 2, No 2 (2006)
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Abstract

Tulisan ini menyajikan hasil kajian financial dan dampak ekonomi makropembangunan pabrik komersial pencairan batubara Banko di Tanjung Enim,Sumatera Selatan dengan kapasitas total 12,000 t/d dry-ash free coal (daf).Kajian financial meliputi evaluasi proyek total (total investasi) IRR, NPV PaybackPeriod dan profitabilitas proyek dilihat dari kemampuan untuk pengembalianhutang dan dividen.. Manfaat ekonomi makro pabrik dikaji berdasarkan potensiekonomi ditinjau dari penghematan devisa, total pajak korporat, penggunaansumber daya alam, kesempatan kerja, iklim investasi, dan kontribusi terhadappengembangan masyarakat. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa kontibusi devisatotal gross dari proyek selama tahun 2011-2035 dan penghematan devisanyaadalah sebesar USD24,883 juta and USD 20,830 juta. Selain itu disimpulkanbahwa minyak dari hasil pencairan batubara mampu menghemat pemakaiandevisa yang seharusnya digunakan impor minyak. Besar substitusi pasar olehminyak batubara mencapai 84juta barel atau setara dengan USD3.696juta.Keywords: batubara Banko, pencairan, biaya proyek, total investasi, profitablitas
Co-Authors Artanto, Yuli Artanto, Yuli Eliyanti, Agustina Eliyanti, Agustina Muhammad Hanif Murti, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo Murti, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo Shigehisa, Takuo Shigehisa, Takuo Silalahi, Lambok Hlarius Silalahi, Lambok Hlarius Tamura, Masaki Tamura, Masaki Yanai, Shunichi Yanai, Shunichi Yusnitati Yusnitati