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THE CULTIVATION OF VANILLA AND AGAR WOOD WITH AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM AS MODEL OF SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT IN EAST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE Kunio, Kitai; Lahjie, Abubakar M.; Hefni, Asnan; Kristiningrum, Rochadi
Journal of Agroecology Vol 1, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Journal of Agroecology

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to find out the optimum production of vanilla and the maximum increment of agar wood cultivated in an agroforestry system and to perform financial analysis to the system. This research conducted in Bukit Raya Village, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province. Method of this research conducted by using theory of production, scientific principles to calculate the production of vanilla and the increment of agar wood by measuring the diameter and the highest of agar wood. To find out the financial worthiness by using Pay Back Period (PP), Net Present Value (NPV), Net benefit cost ratio (Net B/C) and Internal Rate of return (IRR). Results showed that the maximum production of vanilla at the age of 9 years old with a total production was 378 kg/ha, it can be harvested at the age 3 to 11 years while the increment of agar wood can be inoculated at the age 4-5 years with the age of inoculation during 2 years and gubal Agar wood can be harvested at the age 6 years to 25 years. The optimum increment of agar wood was reached at the age 15 years old with a total maximum was 14.5 m3/ha and the cultivation maintained up to 25 years because of financial reasons. The financial cultivation analysis of vanilla which combined with agar wood by using NPV, Net B/C and IRR theory at an interest rate of 15% was 54,592,000 rupiah, 1.95 and 21.5%, respectively. Equivalent annual annuity was 8,445,350 rupiah with a scale effort of 6 ha. It proved that the cultivation of vanilla and agar wood is feasible to cultivate by using Net present value, net B/C and IRR more than MAR.
Analisis Strata Norma Strata Norma Roman Ingarden Pada Puisi Ibu Pertiwi dan Royan Reformasi Karya Hasan Aspahani Dian Dian; Asnan Hefni; Meita Setyawati
Adjektiva: Educational Languages and Literature Studies Vol 3 No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (829.414 KB) | DOI: 10.30872/adjektiva.v3i1.966

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to describe the sound layer, the meaning layer, the object world layer, the world layer, and the metaphysical layer in the poem “Mother Pertiwi and Royan Reformasi” by Hasan Aspahani. The data collection technique used in this research is library technique. The result of the research from poetry data using Roman Ingarden strata norm analysis obtained layer of sound, namely mixed rhymes with continuous and broken rhymes and the sound of kakofoni. The layer of meaning obtained are the layer of the world of objects are obtained, namely the main character “nature” and the background of the feeling of sadness, chaos and sadness. The layer of the world, namely the author describe the sadness and state of nature due to the actions of irresponsible humans, so that humans can realize that they can use and protect nature simultaneously. It is found that metaphysical layer of the poet wants to convey how suffering nature is due to irresponsible human hands, arid forests land that is no longer fertile, barren mountains, and damaged oceans, this can result in nature disasters.