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PENGARUH KANDUNGAN Si TERHADAP MIKROSTRUKTUR DAN KEKERASAN INGOT Zr-Nb-Si Heri Hardiyanti; Futichah .; Djoko Kisworo; Slamet Pribadi
Jurnal Teknologi Bahan Nuklir Vol 2, No 1 (2006): Januari 2006
Publisher : PTBN - BATAN

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ABSTRAK PENGARUH KANDUNGAN SI TERHADAP MIKROSTRUKTUR DAN KEKERASAN INGOT PADUAN Zr–Nb–Si. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah melihat pengaruh kandungan Si terhadap mikrostruktur dan kekerasan ingot Zr–Nb–Si. Ada 15 sampel yang diteliti. Kandungan silikon dalam masing-masing sampel divariasikan sebagai berikut: 0,1; 0,2 dan 0,25%. Sampel dianil pada suhu 400 °C dan 800 °C selama 4 jam dan 6 jam. Setelah dianil, sampel tersebut disiapkan untuk pemeriksaan metalografi dengan di-mounting, digerinda, dipoles dan dietsa. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengamatan mikrostruktur dengan mikroskop optik dan uji kekerasan dengan alat kekerasan mikro Vickers. Hasil uji kekerasan dan pengamatan mikrostruktur menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kandungan Si akan menghasilkan butiran yang lebih halus. Namun, butiran yang semakin halus tidak menaikkan kekerasan paduan. Pada kenyataannya kekerasan tidak berbanding terbalik dengan ukuran butir. Hal ini berarti bahwa kekerasan dipengaruhi oleh parameter larutan padat. Semakin banyak kandungan Si, semakin lunak paduan tersebut. KATA KUNCI: Mikrostruktur, Kekerasan, Paduan Zr-Nb-Si, Larutan padat ABSTRACT EFFECTS OF SILICON CONTENT ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND HARDNESS OF Zr-Nb-Si ALLOY INGOT. The objective of this research is to observe the effects of Si content on the microstructure and hardness of Zr–Nb–Si alloy ingot. There are 15 samples to be evaluated. The silicon content is varied in each sample as follows: 0.1, 0.2 and 0.25%. The samples are annealed at 400 °C and 800 °C for 4 hours and 6 hours. After being annealed, the samples are prepared for metallographic observation by being mounted, grinded, polished, and etched. The microstructure of each prepared sample is observed using optical microscope and the hardness is tested using Vickers microhardness. From the results of hardness testing and microstructure observation, it is shown that an addition of Si content would result in finer grains. However, the finer grains do not increase the alloy hardness. In fact, the hardness is not reciprocal to the grain size. It means that the hardness is controlled by the parameter of solid solution. The more Si content there is, the softer the alloy becomes. FREE TERMS: Microstructure, Hardness, Zr-Nb-Si alloy, Solid solution

PENGARUH TEKANAN PENGOMPAKAN, KOMPOSISI Er2O3 DAN PENYINTERAN PADA TEMPERATUR RENDAH TERHADAP KUALITAS PELET UO2 + Er2O3 Abdul Latief; Tata Terbit Saputra; Djoko Kisworo; Slamet Pribadi; Arief Sasongko Adhi
Jurnal Teknologi Bahan Nuklir Vol 1, No 2 (2005): Juni 2005
Publisher : PTBN - BATAN

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ABSTRAK PENGARUH TEKANAN PENGOMPAKAN, KOMPOSISI Er2O3 DAN PENYINTERAN PADA TEMPERATUR RENDAH TERHADAP KUALITAS PELET UO2 + Er2O3. Telah dilakukan percobaan pengaruh tekanan pengompakan, komposisi Er2O3 dan sintering pada temperatur rendah terhadap densitas, mikrostruktur, kekerasan dan rasio O/U dari pelet UO2 + Er2O3 dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tekanan pengompakan, komposisi Er2O3 dan temperatur sinter yang relatif baik agar dapat memberikan kualitas pelet yang memenuhi persyaratan. Sejumlah serbuk UO2 <150 ìm dicampur dengan Er2O3 yang divariasi dari 0 – 1% dan seng stearat 0,4% kemudian dikompakkan dengan tekanan antara 2,93 – 5,23 ton/cm2. Pelet yang terbentuk disinter pada temperatur 1000, 1100 dan 1200 °C, dengan laju pemanasan 250 °C/jam, waktu penahanan 3 jam dalam lingkungan gas argon. Pelet hasil sinter ditentukan densitasnya, diamati mikrostrukturnya dengan mikroskop optik dan diuji kekerasannya dengan alat uji kekerasan Vickers serta dihitung rasio O/U-nya dengan metode gravimetri. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa tekanan pengompakan antara 2,93 – 4,68 ton/cm2 terhadap pelet UO2 + Er2O3 dengan komposisi Er2O3 0 – 1,0% dapat meningkatkan densitas pelet mentah dari kisaran 45,45 – 51,68% DT (Densitas Teoritis), sedangkan naiknya temperatur sinter antara 1000 – 1200 °C dapat meningkatkan densitas pelet sinter sampai 95,66% DT. Densitas pelet sinter yang memenuhi spesifikasi (92 – 95% DT) diperoleh pada temperatur sinter 1200 °C, tekanan pengompakan 4,10 – 4,68 ton/cm2 untuk komposisi Er2O3 antara 0 – 1,0%. Pada temperatur sinter 1000 °C dan 1100 °C hanya diperoleh densitas pelet sinter dibawah 92% DT. Pengamatan mikrostruktur dilakukan terhadap sampel UO2 + Er2O3 dengan komposisi Er2O3 0 – 1,0% yang dikompakkan pada tekanan 4,68 ton/cm2 dan temperatur sinter 1200 °C mempunyai butir bentuk ekuiaksial (equiaxial). Perubahan komposisi Er2O3 memberikan perbedaan ukuran butir dan kekerasan. Semakin besar komposisi Er2O3 maka butir pelet sinter akan semakin besar yaitu sebesar 8 ìm dan kekerasan akan semakin turun. Kenaikan komposisi Er2O3 pada penyinteran temperatur 1200 °C menyebabkan kenaikan rasio O/U sampai 2,12. KATA KUNCI: Racun dapat bakar, Komposisi Er2O3, Pelet UO2 + Er2O3, Pengompakan, Sintering temperatur rendah, Densitas, Mikrostruktur, Kekerasan, Rasio O/U ABSTRACT INFLUENCE OF COMPACTING PRESSURE, Er2O3 COMPOSITION AND LOW-TEMPERATURE SINTERING ON UO2 + Er2O3 PELLET QUALITY. The influence of compacting pressure, Er2O3 composition and low-temperature sintering on the density, microstructure, hardness and O/U ratio of UO2 + Er2O3 pellets was investigated to determine the optimum condition of compacting pressure, Er2O3 composition and sintering temperature to obtain good quality pellets. UO2 powder of <150ìm in size was mixed with Er2O3 of 1 - 1.0% and zinc stearat of 0.4% and then compacted at pressures of 2.9 – 5.23 ton/cm2. The green pellets were sintered at temperatures of 1000, 1100 and 1200 °C with a heating rate of 250 °C/hour and soaking time of 3 hours in argon atmosphere. The density of the pellets was determined, also the microstructure using optical microscope, hardness using Vickers hardness tester and O/U ratio using gravimetric method. The results showed that compacting pressure of 2.93 – 4.68 ton/cm2 on UO2 + Er2O3 pellets with Er2O3 composition of 0 – 1.0% could enhance green pellet density in the order of 45.45 – 51.68% TD (Theoretical Density), while increasing sintering temperature between 1000 – 1200 °C enhanced sintered pellet density to 95.66% TD. Sintered pellet density of 92 – 95% TD which conform to the specification was obtained at sintering temperature of 1200 °C, compacting pressure of 4.10 – 4.68 ton/cm2, and Er2O3 composition of 0 – 1.0%. At temperature of 1000 and 1100 °C the density of the pellets obtained was <92% TD. The microstructure observation which was done on UO2 + Er2O3 samples with Er2O3 composition of 0 – 1.0%, compacting pressure of 4.68 ton/cm2 and sintering temperature of 1200 °C showed the presence of equiaxial grains. Changes in Er2O3 composition resulted in different grain sizes and hardness. Higher Er2O3 composition increased the size of sintered pellet grain to 8 ìm and decreased its hardness. Increasing Er2O3 composition at sintering temperature of 1200 °C enhanced the O/U ratio up to 2.12.FREE TERMS: Burnable poison, Er2O3 composition, UO2 + Er2O3 pellet, Compacting pressure, Low-temperature sintering, Density, Microstructure, Hardness, O/U ratio

Criminal System against Criminal Actions Health Quarantine Violations Slamet Pribadi
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 5, No 3 (2022): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute August
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v5i3.6667

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease outbreak that has the potential to cause a public health emergency. The laws and regulations promulgated by the government are intended to provide a new direction for the Indonesian state in responding to any disease outbreaks that can occur at any time, especially in responding to the current Covid-19 pandemic. Quarantine is the restriction of a person or even a group of people in an area in an area where the area has been infected with an outbreak of an infectious disease. The presence of quarantine can prevent the spread of the Covid-19 outbreak and minimize the transmission of Covid-19. The purpose of this study is to find out how the implementation of the criminal system in providing punishment for perpetrators of health quarantine violators is and what problems are encountered in implementing health quarantine in overcoming Covid-19. The research method used is normative law research with a statute approach. And by collecting data in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The results of this study indicate that cases of criminal acts of health quarantine violators are still prevalent, due to lack of attention to punishment for perpetrators of health quarantine violators. It is also necessary to increase the role of the government and the community in tackling the spread of the Covid-19 outbreak.

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