Darmono .
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Concentration of metallothionein in the liver of chicken which were given cadmium (Cd) into their feed Darmono .; Z Arifin; M.B Purwadikarta; A Safuani; U Waznah
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 5, No 4 (2000): DECEMBER 2000
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (206.833 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v5i4.190

Abstract

Metallothionein is a metal-binding protein which always detected in the liver of chicken, especially essential element binding protein such as Zn-thionein. Zinc binding protein is usually used for enzyme activity in normal physiology of the animal. The aim of this study was to detect the effect of Cd given into feed on Zn-thionein contain in the liver of broiler chicken. Forty-five broiler chicken were divided into three groups, which was 15 animals in each group. Group 1 as a control group, Group 2 was given 100 mgCd/kg of feed, and group 3 was given 200 mgCd/kg of feed respectively. Body weight of five chicken per group were measured every day and liver samples of five animals per group were collected at day 7 , 14 and 21 after treatment respectively for analysis of Cd and Zn total concentrations and Cd and Zn binding protein. The result indicated that body weight of chicken in the treatment groups were lower than the control group. Zinc binding protein was highest in the control group after 21 days of treatment (2.35 ug/g), but it was low in the two treatment groups were 1.30 and 0.64 ug/g respectively, in which Cd-thionein was formed. On the other hand total Zn concentration were almost similar between treatment, 20.95 ug/g for the control group and 21.24 ug/g for group 2, and 25.37 ug/g for group 3 respectively (P>0.05). It can be concluded that Cd contamination in feed can cause decreased of Zn-thionein within 21 days of treatment, causing retardation of the animals.   Key words: Cadmium, zinc, metallothionein, liver, chicken, feed
Effects of zinc and calcium minerals intake on cadmium accumulation in the liver of broiler chicken Sri Rachmawati; Darmono .; Zainal Arifin
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 4, No 3 (1999): SEPTEMBER 1999
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (143.381 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v4i3.161

Abstract

Cadmium is a heavy metal which can accumulate in animal tissues, may have an effect the growth of chicken, causes a residual problems and is danger for human consumption. Study on evaluating the effect of mineral zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca) intake on cadmium (Cd ) accumulation in the liver of broilers and their growth was carried out. One hundred and eighty of day old chicks (DOC) were divided into 6 groups, group I was used as control, group II, III, IV, V and VI were given feed containing of 5 ppm Cd, 5 ppm Cd and 10 ppm Zn, 5 ppm Cd and 15 ppm Zn, 5 ppm Cd and 10 ppm Ca, 5 ppm Cd and 15 ppm Ca respectively in their feed. Cd, Zn and Ca were added as CdCl2, ZnCl2 and CaCl2. During the experiment, at week -0, -1,-2,-3 and -4, five chickens from each group were weighed and then they were slaughtered and livers were collected. The liver samples were analyzed for Cd content by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result indicated that Cd exposed to chickens caused the accumulation of that Cd in their liver. The addition of 15 ppm Zn in feed reduced the accumulation of Cd in liver significantly (P<0.05). However the addition of Ca in chicken feed gave greater effect in reducing the Cd accumulation in liver compared to that of Zn supplementation. 10 ppm Ca and 15 ppm Ca in chicken feed caused the accumulation of Cd in liver chicken significantly decreased (P<0.05). Ca supplementation also caused of increasing body weight of chickens. The body weight of five weeks old chickens given 15 ppm Ca in their feed as in average of 1,820 grams is higher than that of chickens in control group, which was 1,761 grams. Whereas the body weight of chickens in group IV, which was given with 15 ppm Zn in their diet was in average of 1,745 grams. It was concluded that Zn and Ca can reduce the accumulation of Cd in broiler chicken liver.   Key words : Zinc, calcium, accumulation, cadmium
icacy test of hexane extract of Annona squamosa L seeds for Chrysomya bezziana larvae growth in vitro April H Wardhana; E Widyastuti; A.W.A Wiratmana; S Muharsini; Darmono .
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 9, No 4 (2004): DECEMBER 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (213.89 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v9i4.438

Abstract

Chrysomya bezziana is primer agent causing myiasis in livestock and human throughout Africa to Asia. At present, treatment of myiasis using chemical synthetic insecticide causing environment and livestock production contaminations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hexane extract of Annona squamosa L seed to kill C. bezziana as botanical insecticide. Three level and method preparation of larvae (L1, L2 and L3) were carried out. Meat blood mixture (MBM) and larval rearing media (LRM) were mixed with hexane extract of A. squamosa L seed and tested to 625 and 750 larvae (L1and L2 respectively), while for L3 625 larvae were soaked in the solution containing the hexane extract. This last preparation was carried out to observe the effect of toxic contact. Each larvae treatment was divided into 5 levels such as negative control using distillation water (PO), given 0.25% hexane extract (P I); 0.50% (P II); 0.75% (P III) and positive control was given with 0.10% Asuntol®. This assay was to know digest toxic effect of hexane extract of A. squamosa L seed for those larvae. Number of 625 instar III larvae (L3) was soaked in the solution containing the hexane extract of A. squamosa L seed for 10 second, placed into vermicullite and incubated on 36oC. This assay was to know contact toxic effect of them. All of larvae were allowed to become pupae. Parameters oberserve were number of larvae death, pupae weight and number of pupae become into fly. The data was analyzed using Anova (5%) and Z test (5%) then smallest significant difference test (BNT 5%). The results showed that 0.50% of hexane extract of A. squamosa L seed was able to decrease pupae weight for L1 and L2 and to cause fail pupae become fly (P<0.05). Instar III larvae (L3) soaked in PI until P III and not effect to pupae weight, pupae become fly and survival of adult flies (P>0.05).   Key words: Chrysomya bezziana, myasis, srikaya, A. squamosa L, in vitro
The use of Wonnolas in controlling gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep under traditional grazing management in Indonesia Beriajaya .; S.E. Estuningsih; Darmono .; M.R. Knox; D.R. Stoltz; A.J. Wilson
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 1, No 1 (1995)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (653.332 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v1i1.9

Abstract

Blocks containing 3% phenothiazine in solidified molasses (Wonnolas, Animeal Australia Ltd .) were tested to control gastrointestinal nematode infections and the effect on mineral status in sheep in villages in Cirebon, Indonesia. Two hundred and thirteen Javanese Thin Tail sheep which were grazed during the day and housed at night were divided into two groups on the basis of location . One group was allowed in an access to Wonnolas blocks when penned for 24 weeks while the other group remained untreated. The bodyweight was recorded and faecal samples were collected for egg counts and larval culture every four weeks. Sera and saliva samples were collected from 20 adult sheep in each group at weeks 0, 12 and 24 for mineral analysis by AAS and colorimetry. The results indicated that the mean egg counts of the treated group decreased from 576 epg to 123 epg and the percentage of sheep producing viable larvae decreased from 50% to 24%. In contrast egg counts of the control group increased from 768 epg to 4,840 epg and the percentage of sheep producing viable larvae increased from 65% to 84% over the same period . In the treated group the number of Haenronchus larvae declined significantly (36% to <6 %) and at the end of the trial Tiichostrongylus larvae predominanted in larval cultures (>80%) . Mineral analysis revealed deficiencies in sodium and copper, low levels of zinc and normal levels of potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus . Wormolas had a significant effect on sodium and zinc status but not on copper although sufficient levels of this element were available. Comparison of bodyweight gains showed a significantly (P<0.05) higher rate of increase in the treated animals.
Interaction Between Toxic and Essential Metals in The Biological System, and Their Effect on Animal Health Darmono .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 9, No 1 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (302.521 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v9i1.729

Abstract

Among the various toxic elements, heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, and Hg are commonly present in the environment. These metals have  no  biological  function  in  the  animal,  but  their presence  in  tissues  reflect  contact  of  the  organism  with  its environment. Studies of the toxicity mechanism of these elements in the biological systems of the animals are important especially interaction between them and some essential dietari elements like Ca, Zn, Fe, Se, and Cu. In general a deficiency from one of the essential element increases toxicity of heavy metals, whereas an excess appears to be protective. These suggest that dietary presence of the essential elements may to protection of animal from the effects of heavy metal exposure. Addition of essential elements in the diet can be used for the treatment of heavy metal toxicity.   Key words : Toxic metals, essential metals, interaction
Cadmium (CD) in The Environment and Its Effect on The Animal Health and Productivity Darmono .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 8, No 1 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (529.684 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v8i1.739

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a nonesential element which often cause of environmental pollution and toxic effect to the animal and man. Cadmium also has an acummulative effect in the tissue of biological life, as a consequence it cause contamination in feed and food such as grass, grain and animal tissue. Because ofthat Cd enter into food chain which consumed by animal or human. In the animal Cd can cause of tissue damage and produced acute or chronic toxicity, as consequence cause of disease and decrease of animal production. Key words : Cadmium, environment, animals