Siswanto Siswanto
Indonesian Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioindustry

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Seasonal litter contribution to total peat respiration from drained tropical peat under mature oil palm plantation Heru Bagus Pulunggono; Siswanto Siswanto; Husni Mubarok; Happy Widiastuti; Nizam Tambusai; Moh Zulfajrin; Syaiful Anwar; Darmono Taniwiryono; Basuki Sumawinata; Supiandi Sabiham
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol 9, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2022.092.3247

Abstract

The amount of CO2 gas emissions in drained peatland for oil palm cultivation has been widely reported. However, the research addressing the contribution of litter respiration to peat and total respiration and its relationship with several environmental factors is found rare. The aim of this study was to measure peat and heterogeneous litter respiration of drained tropical peat in one year at a distance of 2.25 m and 4.50 m from mature oil palm trees of 14 years using the chamber method (Licor Li-830). In addition to CO2 efflux, we measured other environmental parameters, including peat temperature (10 cm depth), air temperature, groundwater table (GWL), and rainfall. Results showed that the mean total peat respiration (Rt) was 12.06 g CO2 m-2day-1, which consisted of 68% (8.24 g CO2 m-2day-1) peat (Rp) and root (Rr) respiration and 32% (3.84 g CO2  m-2day-1) of litter respiration (Rl) at the distance of 2.25 m from the palm tree. Meanwhile, at a farther distance, the Rt was 12.49 g CO2m-2day-1, the contribution of Rp was 56% (6.78 g CO2 m-2day-1), and Rl was higher than the closest distance (46%; 5.71 g CO2 m-2day-1). Thus, one-year observation resulting the mean Rt and Rr was 0.07–0.08 Mg CO2 ha-1 day-1, while Rl was 0.04–0.06 Mg CO2 ha-1 day-1. The means of Rt, Rp, and Rl were significantly different in the dry season than those recorded in the rainy season. The climatic-related variable such as peat and air temperature were chiefly governing respiration in peat under mature oil palm plantation, whereas the importance of other variables present at particular conditions. This paper provides valuable information concerning respiration in peat, especially for litter contribution and its relationship with environmental factors in peatland, contributing to global CO2 emission. 
Pengaruh kombinasi kitosan soluble liquid dan pestisida sintetik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil panen cabai keriting di Nganjuk Ciptadi Achmad YUSUP; Sri WAHYUNI; Deden Dewantara ERIS; Priyono PRIYONO; Siswanto SISWANTO
E-Journal Menara Perkebunan Vol 90, No 1 (2022): April, 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i1.481

Abstract

Chitosan has the potential as a biostimulant also as an antagonistic agent due to its antimicrobial activity. These dual benefits were the superiority of chitosan and potentially to be developed further. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of soluble liquid (SL) chitosan on the growth and yield of curly chili. The variety of curly chili used was Kribo with three treatments examined i.e. the application of single chitosan SL (P1), the combination of chitosan SL and synthetic pesticide (P2), and the conventional application of synthetic pesticide that considered as control (K). Each treatment was replicated four times. The application of chitosan SL was conducted at 21, 42, and 63 days after planting (DAP), while the application of synthetic pesticide was conducted depending on the field conditions. The plant parameters observed were canopy width, plant height, leaf color, and number, and weight of fruits. The observation results were analyzed using table of variance. The results showed that the application of chitosan SL increased the canopy width by 16.3% and plant height by 11.5% compared to control at 99 DAP. The number of fruits per plant also increased by 123% on P1 and 20% on P2 treatment. The fruit weight was also increased by 42.6% on P2 and 18% on P1 treatment. The conversion result showed that single chitosan SL application was able to increase the yield of curly chili per hectare up to 163%, while the combination of chitosan SL and synthetic pesticide resulted in 71% increase in curly chili yield compared to the control.[Keywords: antagonistic agent, biostimulant, chili var. Kribo, production, soluble liquid] Abstrakmikroba. Kedua manfaat ini yang menjadi keunggulan kitosan dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh aplikasi kitosan soluble liquid (SL) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil panen tanaman cabai keriting. Varietas cabai keriting yang digunakan adalah Kribo dengan tiga perlakuan yang diuji, yakni aplikasi kitosan SL tunggal (P1), kombinasi kitosan SL dengan pestisida sintetik (P2) dan aplikasi pestisida sintetik secara konvensional sebagai kontrol (K). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang empat kali. Aplikasi kitosan SL dilakukan pada umur tanaman 21, 42 dan 63 hari setelah tanam (HST), sedangkan aplikasi pestisida sintetik dilakukan berdasarkan kondisi di lapangan.  Parameter tanaman yang diamati antara lain lebar kanopi, tinggi tanaman, warna daun, serta jumlah, dan berat buah. Hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan tabel sidik ragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi kitosan SL mampu meningkatkan lebar kanopi dan tinggi tanaman sebesar 16,3% dan 11,5% terhadap kontrol pada umur tanaman 99 HST. Jumlah buah per tanaman juga mengalami kenaikan sebesar 123% pada perlakuan P1 dan 20% pada perlakuan P2. Berat per buah mengalami kenaikan sebesar 42,6% pada perlakuan P2 dan 18% pada perlakuan P1. Hasil konversi menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi kitosan SL tunggal mampu meningkatkan produksi cabai keriting per hektar hingga 163%, sedangkan aplikasi kombinasi kitosan SL dan pestisida sintetik meningkatkan produksi sebesar 71% dibandingkan kontrol.[Kata kunci:  agen antagonis, biostimulan, cabai var. Kribo, produksi, soluble liquid]