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Diyono Ikhsan
Jurusan Teknik KimiaFakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro Semarang

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PEMANFAATAN AMPAS JAHE LIMBAH INDUSTRI JAMU DAN MINUMAN UNTUK PRODUKSI MINYAK JAHE DENGAN DESTILASI KOHOBASI VACUUM Handayani, Dwi; Ikhsan, Diyono
METANA Vol 8, No 01 (2012): Juli 2012
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (154.98 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v8i01.4911

Abstract

  Abstrak Minyak jahe termasuk minyak atsiri yang merupakan komoditas eksport dengan nilai ekonomis yang tinggi karena  banyak digunakan dalam industri kosmetik, makanan, aromaterapi dan farmasi. Ampas jahe yang dihasilkan dari proses pembuatan jamu, jahe instan maupun industri minuman kesehatan, selama ini belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Mengingat potensi minyak jahe dan perlunya peningkatan nilai ekonomis ampas jahe yang selama ini sebagai limbah industri, maka perlu dilakukan pengambilan minyak jahe dari ampas jahe. Proses destilasi minyak atsiri selama ini dilakukan secara konvensional, sehingga pada destilasi minyak jahe maka zingiberene yang ada mengalami degradasi thermal. Penelitian bertujuan  untuk mendapatkan teknologi destilasi agar zingiberene dalam minyak jahe tidak mengalami degradasi yaitu dengan destilasi vacuum, dan untuk mendapatkan efisiensi yang optimal dengan pengujian antara proses destilasi kohobasi dan destilasi uap-air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Proses destilasi vacuum secara kohobasi mempunyai randemen teringgi yaitu  2,320 % dengan persamaan laju produksi Y = 0,078 X2 – 1,941X + 8,52 ( R2= 0,982 ).  Karena kadar minyak jahe dalam rimpang jahe : 1  - 3 %, maka dapat dinyatakan bahwa pada proses tersebut didapatkan effisiensi yang cukup tinggi yaitu 77,33 % dari kadar maksimal minyak yang ada pada rimpang jahe dan kualitas minyak jahe yang dihasilkan memenuhi  SNI Kata kunci : ampas jahe, minyak jahe, destilasi vacuum. ABSTRACT Ginger oil including essential oils which are export commodities with high economic value because it is widely used in the cosmetics industry, food, aromatherapy and pharmaceuticals. Ginger pulp resulting from the process of making herbal medicine, instant ginger beverage and healthcare industries, has not been fully utilized. Given the potential of ginger oil and the need to increase the economic value of waste ginger as well as an industrial waste, it is necessary to capture the oil of ginger ginger pulp. Essential oil distillation process has been done conventionally, so that the ginger oil distillation zingiberene existing thermal degradation. The research aims to gain distillation technology that zingiberene in ginger oil is not degraded by vacuum distillation, and to obtain optimum efficiency by testing the distillation process kohobasi and steam-distilled water. The results showed that the vacuum distillation process has randemen teringgi kohobasi is 2.320% with a production rate equation Y = 0.078 X2 - 1.941 X + 8.52 (R2 = 0.982). Because the levels of ginger in ginger oil: 1-3%, it can be stated that in the process earned a high enough efficiency is 77.33% of the maximum levels of the existing oil and the ginger rhizome ginger oil quality produced meets SNI Keywords: pulp ginger, ginger oil, vacuum distillation.
RANCANG BANGUN DIGESTER SEMI KONTINYU PADA PRODUKSI BIOGAS DAN PUPUK ORGANIK DARI SAMPAH ORGANIK Ikhsan, Diyono; Handayani, Dwi; Murni, Murni
METANA Vol 9, No 02 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (98.768 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v9i02.7611

Abstract

Abstract Production of biogas and organic fertilizer from organic waste is done by creating a semi-continuous digester design is a flat pipe and operate continuously or bait can be inserted periodically every day, and its products can be taken periodically at any time. At the optimum residence time can be designed digester volume corresponding to a certain capacity, the variation ratio of the length and diameter of the pipe, whichever is best for optimum biogas production. Outcomes of the research is a prototype digester flat pipes that can operate semi-continuous along with its performance test. Design semi-continuous digester using pralon pipe diameter of 6 in, with the length of each digester m A = 2, B = 4 m, and C = 6 m, equipped hopper for feeding suspension, bulkhead divider so that biogas does not leak, and the stirrer tank float models. The results showed that the biogas production on day 7 to day 30, there was an increase biogas production sharply, after it approaching constant and up to 60 days tended to decline. In the longer digester (B and C) there are fluctuations in the production of biogas. From the graph the relationship between the capacity of the biogas production time from day 1 to day 60 following polynomial equation with a similar pattern, for the digester with the equation y = A + 2,287x -0,026x2 - 8.577 (R¬2 = 0.966); digester B with the equation y = -0,026x2 2,297x + - 8.683 (R 2 = 0.963); and digester C with equation y = -0,025x2 2,232x + - 8.886 (R 2 = 0.962). Mud coming out at the end of the digester after 30 days was collected and dried as organic fertilizer. Results of laboratory analysis, showed the water content 10.72%, 44.05% organic C content, C / N Ratio 25.70, total P2O5 content of 0.67% and 7.71% N levels. This suggests that these parameters meet the quality standards of organic fertilizers except C / N Ratio greater. But this is not a problem because the levels of organic C and N levels separately meet quality standards. Keywords: digester, biogas, organic fertilizer
Peningkatan Produksi Garam Beryodium Melalui Aplikasi Alat Pencetak Garam Secara Mekanik Handayani, Dwi; Murni, Murni; Ikhsan, Diyono; Arifan, Fahmi
METANA Edisi Khusus Februari 2011
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (4919.381 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v0i0.1629

Abstract

The salt moulder groups "Muji Rahayu" have a mission for drummed up salt moulders by are very limited, by process technology conventionally. The result of production is salt_powder  which is a gunny_pack then on sale at the prince of low. If it is soled in salt_moulder, the price will increase. Salt moulder form of Instrumentation which it is has incereased quality and sale at the prince salt iodized consumption. However, at the employe moulder machine which is continue, the machine has trouble because it is always related to salt which have a character is corrosive. Therefore, it needs to have a salt_moulder which is simple and easy to be operated by salt-farmer moreover the price is cheap. The salt moulder will work by mechanic and aplication style. Because of the caracter of salt which corrosive, so the contraction which related to salt is made by stainless steel. By the expectation it be able to increase the income of salt_farmers. Keywords : iodized salt, salt moulder
IbM.KELOMPOK INDUSTRI SERBUK INSTAN JAMU DAN MINUMAN KESEHATAN DI UNGARAN, KABUPATEN SEMARANG Handayani, Dwi; Ikhsan, Diyono; Murni, Murni; Ardiansari, Anindya
METANA Vol 10, No 02 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1022.378 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/metana.v10i02.11046

Abstract

Abstract UMKM" TigaDara " which is located at Jl . UripSumoharjo 45 and UMKM " Berliana " address at 7 Kuncen New jl.ApelUnggaran - Kab.Semarang an economically productive UMKM as micro businesses , with a production of herbs or a health drink in the form of instant powder and liquid beverages . Early in its development , the effort focuses on the various processing plants living pharmacies ( empon - empon ) are made ​​into a variety of herbs and health beverages in an instant form , for example : instant ginger , white turmeric , saffron , turmeric, tamarind , Mahkotadewa , etc. . During this production process  been conventional and instant powders produced by high sugar levels that can not be consumed by diabetics . Given that in order to produce sugar -free powder that requires technology and modern processing equipment , namely the granulation process , it is necessary to support the introduction of technology and the granulation equipment . While UD Berliana now more concentrated on liquid products requiring wringer empon - empon that can operate mechanically with greater capacity and semi-continuous operation . Given that during the management system implemented is still a family management , then with the development of business and the broader marketing outreach is necessary to improve management and use of the Web to expand their marketing reach . With the help of technology , equipment and granulation managemen as wringer and structuring the results of this activity can be rapidly growing SMEs . This is evident from the production capacity that was originally only 50 kg per day to 200 kg per day , followed by an increase in network marketing , and sales revenue . Keyword :Teknology, granulation, wringer, Web. Abstrak UMKM ”Tiga Dara” yang beralamat di jl. Urip Sumoharjo 45 dan UMKM ”Berliana” yang beralamat di jl.Apel No.7 Kuncen Baru Ungaran-Kab.Semarang merupakan UMKM  yang produktif secara ekonomis sebagai usaha mikro, dengan produksi berupa jamu atau minuman kesehatan dalam bentuk serbuk instan dan minuman cair. Selama ini proses pengolaahan dilakukan secara konvensional dan dihasilkan serbuk instan dengan kadar gula yang tinggi sehingga tidak bisa dikonsumsi oleh penderita diabetes. Mengingat bahwa untuk dapat memproduksi serbuk yang bebas gula memerlukan teknologi dan peralatan proses yang modern, yaitu dengan proses granulasi, maka perlu adanya bantuan pengenalan teknologi dan peralatan granulasi tersebut. Sedangkan UD Berliana sekarang ini lebih mengkonsentrasikan pada produk cair sehingga membutuhkan alat pemeras empon-empon yang dapat beroperasi secara mekanik dengan kapasitas yang lebih besar dan beroperasi secara semi kontinyu. Disamping itu, mengingat bahwa  selama ini sistem manajemen yang diterapkan masih merupakan manajemen keluarga, maka dengan semakin berkembangnya usaha dan semakin luasnya pemasaran diperlukan adanya penyuluhan perbaikan manajemen dan penggunaan Web untuk memperluas jangkauan pemasarannya. Dengan adanya bantuan teknologi, peralatan dan penataan manajemennya maka UMKM tersebut dapat berkembang pesat. Hal ini terlihat dari kapasitas produksi yang pada awalnya hanya 50 kg per hari menjadi 200 kg per hari yang diikuti dengan peningkatan jaringan pemasaran dan omset penjualannya. 8Kata kunci : Teknologi, granulator, pemeras, Web.