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Identifikasi Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Sudamala (Artemisia vulgaris L.) Ira Arundina; Theresia Indah Budhy S.; Muhammad Luthfi; Retno Indrawati
Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia Vol 1, No 2 (2015): December
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Identification of Sudamala (Artemisia vulgaris L.) Thin Layer Chromatography. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the type of cancer which is most frequently found in oral cavity. The primary risk factor of malignancy in oral cavity includes the habit of consuming tobacco and or alcohol. The plant sudamala (Artemisia vulgaris L.) is often used in the community as anti-tumor in digestive organ, including in oral cavity. However, there have been no studies on active ingredients playing the role as anti-cancer in oral cavity. The species are mostly from the genus Artemisia, while those generally growing in Indonesia are the species Artemisia vulgaris L. The objective of this study is to explain the identification by TLC of sudamala. The study was sudamala extraction, identification of sudamala extract, sudamala fractionation with Vacuum Column Chromatography and identification of sudamala fractionation with TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography). The result shows that the fractionation using hexane extract resulted in 11 fractions of n-hexane: ethyl acetate. The conclusion of this study is that the fraction of n-hexane: ethyl acetate (3:7, v/v) sudamala (Artemisia vulgaris L.) identified contains terpenoids compounds.

Korelasi Jumlah Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) dan Level Ekspresi Interlukin 8 (IL-8) pada Severe Early Childhood Caries Muhammad Luthfi; Retno Indrawati; Ira Arundina; Yoes Prijatna Dachlan
Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia Vol 1, No 2 (2015): December
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Correlation of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) Level and Interleukin 8 (IL-8) Expressions of Salivary Neutrophils in Severe Early Childhood Caries. Early childhood caries is a very serious health problem because it is a chronic infectious disease that is contagious. Dental caries begins after the primary teeth grow and develop on the tooth surface very quickly and progressively. In recent years the views of neutrophils have changed dramatically. Neutrophils not only act as a microbe killer through phagocytosis, the release of reactive oxigen species (ROS) and its antimicrobial peptide, but neutrophil activation also helps regulate the immune response. To analyze the relationship between the amount S. mutans and IL-8 expression of salivary neutrophils in severe early Childhood caries. Two groups, namely Isolation of S. mutans were performed on saliva samples taken from 20 caries-free and 20 severe early childhood caries and samples Nacl 1,5% mouthwash results of 20 caries-free and 20 severe early childhood caries salivary neutrophils that were analysis of IL-8 expression by flow cytometry. Based on the average value, it is known that S. mutans level in early Childhood caries-free is lower (513.500,00 +185.565,28 CFU/ml) in comparison to the severe early Childhood caries (977.000,00 +222.500,15 CFU/ml), but the expression of IL-8 neutrophil salivary neutrophils in early Childhood caries-free is higher (3,31+0,50) in comparison to the severe early Childhood caries (2,95+0,56). The increased S. mutans level is probably caused by the decrease in the expression of IL-8 salivary neutrophils in severe early childhood caries.

Synergistic effect of the combination of Cinnamomum burmanii, vigna unguiculata, and papain exracts derived from carica papaya latex against C. albicans biofilms degradation Muhammad Luthfi; Indah Listiana Kriswandini; Fitriah Hasan Zaba
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 49 No. 2 (2016): June 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Candidiasis is an opportunistic infection commonly occurs on host with immunodeficiency, organ transplantation, leukopenia, or radiation therapy. Biofilms are structures that protect C. albicans from antifungals treatments. C. albicans biofilms display multidrug resistance to antifungal agents. Purpose: This study aimed to know whether the combination of Cinnamomum burmannii, Vigna unguiculata, and Papain extracts derived from Carica papaya latex has inadequate inhibitory effects against C.albicans biofilms compared to the combination of Cinnamomum burmannii and Vigna unguiculata extracts. Method: C. albicans. growing on SDA were dissolved in 1 McFarland of sterile aquadest. Micro-plate was filled with 180 µL of SDB, glucose 8%, and 20 µL of C. albicans. Suspension was incubated at 37oC overnight. Extracts were added and incubated for 24 hours. Then, each well was washed with distilled water, and stained with crystal violet 0.1% for 15 minutes. Afterward, each well was washed with distilled water and immediately stained with acetic acid. After 15 minutes of staining, the suspension was transferred to a new well, then measured with micro-plate reader at 595 nm. Results: The combination of Cinnamomum burmanii and Vigna unguiculata extracts had adequate inhibitory effects which is equal to 60.75%. Inhibition increased to 72.09%, 79.06%, and 79.50% after Papain derived from Carica papaya latex was added on concentrations of 138 mg/mL, 276 mg/mL, and 552 mg/mL. Conclusion: The combination of Cinnamomum burmanii (0.25µg/mL), Vigna unguiculata (200 µg/mL), and Papain (276 µg/mL) extracts showed an optimum synergic inhibition for C. albicans biofilms.

Expression analysis of CD63 in salivary neutrophils and the increased level of Streptococcus mutans in severe early childhood caries Muhammad Luthfi
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 48 No. 2 (2015): June 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and decay exfoliation filling teeth (def-t) >6 is a destructive disease that afflicts teeth, including maxillary anterior teeth. In Indonesia, the prevalence of this disease is still high, for instance in Semarang 2007, the rate reached 90.5% in urban areas and 95.9% in rural areas for early childhood caries which is caused by Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Neutrophils are effector cells of innate immunity which become the main component of the very first line of defense against microbes. Purpose: This study analyzed the effect caused by the change of CD63 expression on the surface of salivary neutrophils and the increased level of S. mutans in S-ECC. Method: This study employs observational analytic and cross sectional approach by using T test analysis technique for forty cases of early childhood that had been divided into two groups, first group of twenty children positively diagnosed as S-ECC and second group of twenty children negatively diagnosed as the control group. The sample’s result of gargling with 1.5% NaCl was used for neutrophils isolation and analysis function of salivary neutrophils phagocytosis by using flow cytometry test, while the sample of saliva was used to isolate S. mutans and calculate the level of S. mutans. Result: The expression of CD63+ salivary neutrophils in S-ECC was lower (2.32% ± 0.57) than in caries-free (2.67% ± 0.46), while the level of S. mutans showed that the level was not higher than in S-ECC (9.78 ± 2.22)x105 CFU/ml compared to in caries-free (5.13 ± 1.86)x105 CFU/ml. Conclusion: The low expression of CD63 in salivary neutrophils can lead to the increased level of S. mutans in S-ECC.

The differences of effectiveness of β-1,3-glukanase Vigna unguiculata and papain Carica papaya enzymes in hydrolysis of denture plaque Retno Indrawati; Muhammad Luthfi; Erina Fatmala Yuli Andari
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 49 No. 2 (2016): June 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Accumulation of denture plaque can lead to pathological changes in oral mucosa, such as denture stomatitis, halitosis, and caries. Plaque matrix is mostly formed by protein (30%) and polysaccharide complexes. Thus, an alternative enzyme solution as denture cleanser is required for hydrolysis of denture plaque. Papain is a proteolytic enzyme hydrolyzing proteins, while β-1,3-glucanase is a hydrolase enzyme hydrolyzing polysaccharides. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the differences of effectiveness of ß-1,3- glucanase Vigna unguiculata enzyme and papain Carica papaya enzyme in hydrolysis of denture plaque. Method: This research was a laboratory experimental research with post test only control group design. After using denture for 24 hours, the denture was soaked in a solution of 100 ml PBS, papain enzyme, and β 1-3 glucanase enzyme at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, and 2 mg/ml for 10 minutes. The solution from plaque hydrolysis was soaked in PBS and vortex enzyme for 2 minutes, then soaked in ice water for 15 minutes, and centrifuged at 3000 rpm 5-10º for 10 minutes. The supernatant was separated and analyzed. Turbidity readings then were performed in spectrofotometer with a wavelength of 480 nm. Result: 2 mg/ml of ß-1,3 glucanase enzyme generated the highest values of hydrolysis with a mean percentage of 68.77% compared to papain enzyme (44.86 %). The lowest values of hydrolysis weregenerated by PBS with a mean percentage of 3.24%. Conclusion: ß-1,3-glucanase enzyme is more effective in hydrolysis of denture plaque than papain enzyme.

Salivary neutrophils isolation of severe early childhood caries patients with flow cytometry analysis using magnetic beads and CD177 marker Muhammad Luthfi; Tuti Kusumaningsih
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 49 No. 1 (2016): March 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Neutrophils are the first line of defense, not only serving as he killer of microbes through phagocytosis process, in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) and anti-microbial peptides were released, but also regulating activation of immune response. CD177 is a tidylinositol glycosylphosphate glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 58- 64-kDa exclusively found on neutrophils, neutrophilic metamyelocytes, and mielosit. CD177 expression, a protein on the cell surface with an average size ranging from 45% to 65%, is only found on subpopulations of neutrophils. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effects of salivary neutrophil isolation using magnetic beads and CD177 marker on S-ECC patients. Method: The study is an observational analytic research with cross sectional approach using flow cytometry analysis on the S-ECC patients and the caries-free children who were asked to use mouthwash, NaCl 1.5%. For the isolation of neutrophils, magnetic beads labeled with FITC funds and CD177+ marker were used. Result: There were 77.66% of salivary neutrophils expressing CD177+ markers, successfully isolated in the S-ECC patients, while in the caries-free children there were 63.67% of salivary neutrophils. Conclusion: In the S-ECC patients, there were 77.66% of salivary neutrophils expressing CD177markers, successfully isolated, while in the caries-free children there were 63.67% of salivary neutrophils.

Inhibitory effect of jengkol leaf (Pithecellobium jiringa) extract to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm Muhammad Luthfi; Ira Arundina; Nizamiar Hamni
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 49 No. 3 (2016): September 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Candida albicans (C. albicans) are dimorphic fungi in oral cavity, considered not only as normal flora, but also as pathogens. C. albicans have an ability to grow biofilm, which has a thick layer of outer skin structure, called as extracellular matrix. Jengkol leaves (Pithecellobium jiringa) contain alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and lectins, which have an ability as antifungal agent Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the optimum dose of jengkol leaf extract as antibiofilm against C. albicans biofilms. Method: C. albicans were cultured on yeast peptone dextrosa (YPD) media in 96-well microtiter plate flat bottom plates. There were one control group (without treatment) and three treatment groups. The first treatment group was given jengkol leaf extract at a dose of 100 mg/ ml. The second treatment group was given jengkol leaf extract at a dose of 200 mg/ ml. And, the third treatment group was given jengkol leaf extract at a dose of 400 mg/ ml. Semi quantitative method was applied to determine C. albicans biofilmsis using Crystal Violet staining technique. The absorbance of the cells then was calculated using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 570 nm. Result: The mean value of optical density in the control group was 1.23. The mean value of optical density in the treatment group with a dose of 100 mg/ ml was 0.2. Meanwhile, the mean value of optical density in the treatment group with a dose of 200 mg/ ml was 0.2, and 0.21 in the treatment group with a dose of 400 mg/ ml. The results also showed that there were significant differences between the control group and all of the treatment groups (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the treatment groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The optimum dose of jengkol leaf extract used as antibiofilm against C. albicans biofilms is 100 mg /ml with an inhibitory percentage of 83.7%.

Characterization of Streptococcus sanguis molecular receptors for Streptococcus mutans binding molecules Deby Kania Tri Putri; Indah Listiana Kriswandini; Muhammad Luthfi
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 49 No. 4 (2016): December 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Dental caries is a major problem in oral cavity. If dental caries causes cavity, the structure of dental hard tissue will not be reversible because of damage in the structure of the hard tissue. The early pathogenesis mechanism of dental caries is an adhesion interaction between cariogenic Streptococcus mutans microorganisms and tooth surface pellicles. The attachment involves a specific molecular component interaction between the bacterial complement molecules and the surface of the host. Streptococcus sanguis as a dominant ecology at the beginning of bacterial plaque aggregation will colonize the tooth surface earlier than S. mutans. The surface of bacterial cells can express some adesin. The bacteria also can express receptors for adhesins of other bacteria. Specific receptors for adhesions of S. Mutans bacteria are not only found in the pellicles, but also present in pioneer bacteria, such as S. sanguis. Adhesion between those bacteria is called as coagregation. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the characterization of Streptococcus sanguis molecular receptors for Streptococcus mutans binding molecules. Method: This study used a sonication method for protein isolation of S. mutans and S. sanguis bacterial biofilms, as well as electrophoresis method using 12 % SDS-PAGE gel and Western Blot analysis. Result: Results of the protein profile analysis of S. mutans biofilms using 12% SDS-PAGE showed that there were 17 bands, each of which molecular weights was 212, 140, 81, 65, 61, 48, 45, 44, 40, 39, 33 , 25, 23, 19, 17, 12, and 11 kDa. On the other hand, results of the protein profile analysis of S. sanguis biofilms using 12% SDS-PAGE showed that there were 15 bands, each of which molecular weight was 130, 85, 65, 61, 48, 46, 40, 37, 29, 25, 23, 21, 17, 15, and 12 kDa. And, results of the analysis of S. sanguis receptor molecules using Western blot showed that there were three bands, each of which molecular weight was 130, 85, and 40 kDa. Conclusion: S. sanguis bacteria have specific receptor molecules for S. mutans bacteria with the molecular weight of 130, 85, and 40 kDa.

The effect of peer support education on dental caries prevention behavior in school age children at age 10-11 years old Debby Syahru Romadlon; Taufan Bramantoro; Muhammad Luthfi
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 49 No. 4 (2016): December 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Dental caries is an infectious disease and it is preceded by a progressive demineralization in hard tissue surface of the crown. Dental caries is one of the most common diseases that experienced by school-age children. Health education on the prevention of dental caries and peer support education method can improve the behavior of caries prevention. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of peer support education on dental caries prevention behavior in children of school age. Method: This study is a quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest control group design. The sampling technique is simple random sampling. The study was conducted in SDN Bandulan 3 Sukun Malang with 35 respondents (experimental group) and in SDN Bandulan 2 Sukun Malang with 35 respondents (control group). The experimental group was treated using peer support education while the control group was given health education with the lecture method. The data of student’s dental caries prevention behavior (knowledge and attitudes) is obtained through a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-tests with significant p value <0.05. Result: The results showed the average score of knowledge in the experimental group at 20.48 and knowledge among respondents in the control group amounted to 18.02, and the average total score of the attitude of the respondents in the experimental group at 20.08 and in control group of 17.77. Results of independent t test analysis test that there is a significant difference in the average scores of knowledge and attitudes of respondents in the experimental group and the control group (p value 0.000, <0.05). Conclusion: Health education with peer support education method is effective in improving dental caries prevention behavior in children at school age.

Acceleration of post-tooth extraction socket healing after continuous aerobic and anaerobic physical exercise in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) Aqsa Sjuhada Oki; Moch Febi Alviansyah; Christian Khoswanto; Retno Pudji Rahayu; Muhammad Luthfi
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 53 No. 4 (2020): December 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v53.i4.p196-200

Background: Physical exercise has been proven to accelerate wound healing. Physical training itself consists of aerobic (continuous training) and anaerobic (interval training) exercise. The effectiveness of continuous physical exercise on post-tooth extraction wound healing is the focus of this study. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the differences in post-tooth extraction wound healing in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) after aerobic and anaerobic exercise based on the number of fibroblasts and neovascularisation. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into three groups: the control group (K1); K2 undertook continuous aerobic exercise, swimming at 50% maximum swimming capacity (MSC) with an additional 3% bodyweight load; K3 undertook anaerobic continuous exercise, swimming at 65% MSC with a 6% load. The rats swam three times per week for six weeks. The number of fibroblasts and neovascularisation were examined three days after tooth extraction. Data was analysed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) tests (p<0.05). Results: There was a significant difference in the number of fibroblasts between the K2 and K3 groups. There was no significant difference between K2 and K3 in the amount of neovascularisation. Conclusion: There were differences in the number of fibroblasts but not neovascularisation after tooth extraction in Wistar rats given aerobic and anaerobic continuous training.

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