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All Journal Jurnal Kebidanan Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences Research Journal of Life Science
Sumarno Reto Prawiro
Department Of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Education Environmental Science Nursing

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Probiotics Lactobacillus reuteri increase levels of β-Defensin1, sIgA and decrease number of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria colonies in vaginal mucosa on puerperal mice model infected with Staphylococcus aureus Nur Azizah; Umu Qonitun; Tri Yudani Mardining Raras; Sumarno Reto Prawiro
Jurnal Kebidanan Vol 9, No 1 (2020): JURNAL KEBIDANAN
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/jk.9.1.2020.71-80

Abstract

Puerperal Infection is a bacterial infection in the genitalia and female reproduction system, which cause the highest mortality among women who post give birth in recent years. The causative agent of this infection is Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Alternative therapy using probiotics such as Lactobacillus reuteri was developed to reduce the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance. This article studies the effect of probiotics L. reuteri increasing β-defensin1 levels, sIgA levels, and decreasing the number of bacteria S. aureus colonies in the vaginal mucosa on puerperal mice model that induced with S. aureus bacteria. Mice BALB/c were used as an animal model and divided into four different groups. The measurement β-defensin1 levels, sIgA levels, and the number of bacteria S. aureus colonies were conducted in one and three days postpartum. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method was to measure performed for β-defensin1 levels, and sIgA levels, Total plate count was used for the quantity of bacteria S. aureus colonies. β-defensin1 and sIgA levels showed a similar pattern and elevated significantly in all treated group compared to control. The highest value was obtained from a group that administered with L. reuteri and induced with S. aureus in all measurements. The levels of β-defensin1 and sIgA in three days postpartum were higher than that day one. The number of S. aureus colonies was lower in the treated group compare that of the positive control. The average number of bacteria in one day postpartum was higher than three days. The administration of L. reuteri and or induction of S. aureus could increase the level of β-defensin1 and sIgA but reduced decrease in the number of bacteria S. aureus colonies/
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Decoctum Had no Effect on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Vascular Endothelial Cadherin (VE-cadherin) Expression in the Chick Embryo Sri Winarsih; I Wayan Arsana Wiyasa; Sri Andarini; Sumarno Reto Prawiro
Research Journal of Life Science Vol 5, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (362.581 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rjls.2018.005.02.3

Abstract

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) as a medicinal plant has widely consumed by pregnant women. The absence of dose standardization and the regulation of turmeric consumption in pregnancy raise concerns, especially if taken in early pregnancy. Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel formation from previously existing blood vessels, and plays an important role in embryogenesis and placentation during pregnancy. Angiogenesis is regulated by angiogenic molecules, such as VEGF and VE-cadherin. Turmeric has antiangiogenic effects in which the crude extract is pharmacologically more potent compared to the pure curcumin form. This study aimed to determine whether a turmeric decoctum affects the expression of VEGF and VE-cadherin in chick embryos. Turmeric was extracted by the decoction and freeze dried methods to obtain turmeric decoctum powder. This was tested on embryonated chicken eggs, which were divided into four groups; control group (2% DMSO) and treatment groups receiving various doses of the turmeric decoctum (200 ppm, 300 ppm and 400 ppm). The eggs used were less than 7 days after oviposition and incubated for 16 hours prior to injection of the treatment solution in ovo to the center of the yolk, followed by reincubation for up to 48 hours. Intraembryonic VEGF and VE-cadherin expression were assessed by whole-mount immunohistochemistry and quantified using image analysis techniques. This study showed administration of turmeric decoctum up to 400 ppm had no effect on the expression of VEGF and VE-cadherin in chick embryos.
Nigella sativa Extract Increases Antibacterial Activity by Up-Regulating T-reg and Th2 Levels in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars Typhimurium-Exposed Balb/c Mice Zahra Ahmed; Sumarno Reto Prawiro; Agustina Tri Endharti
Research Journal of Life Science Vol 5, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (505.27 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.rjls.2018.005.01.2

Abstract

Nigella sativa extract (NSE) is known to be an effective antibacterial and immuno-modulating agent. This study aimed to demonstrate that treatment of Salmonella eterica subsp. eterica serovars typhimurium-infected mice with NSE would cause an increase in T-regulatory (T-reg) and Th2 cells and a decrease in the number of spleen bacterial colonies. Mice were randomly divided into five groups [control (T0), mice infected with S. typhimurium only (T1), and mice infected with S. typhimurium and then treated with NSE 0.52, 5.2, or 52 mg/kg body weight NSE (N1, N2, and N3, respectively)]. Levels of T-reg and Th2 cells were determined via flow cytometry and the number of spleen bacterial colonies was determined by observation. The results showed that treatment with NSE 0.52, 5.2, and 52 mg/kg significantly increased the number of T-reg and Th2 cells (p<0.05) relative to T0. Administration of NSE 5.2 mg/kg increased the number of T-reg cells, while administration of NSE 52 mg/kg caused the greatest increase in the number of Th2 cells in the spleens of S. typhimurium-infected mice. Moreover, no S. typhimurium colonies were found in the spleens of any NSE-treated mice. Our results suggest that NSE has therapeutic potential to ameliorate S. typhimurium infection.
Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus Detection Using Anti-Outer Membrane Protein (OMP) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Hamid Hunaif Dhofi Alluza; Ema Dianita Mayasari; Sumarno Reto Prawiro; Sri Winarsih
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 7 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.07.01.02

Abstract

Streptococcal pharyngitis sequel such as Rheumatic Fever (RF) or Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is an autoimmune response mediated by T cells and IgG. Since it is an autoimmune process, the result of bacterial culture as the gold standard of diagnosis often shows negative results. IgG against the 33 kDa OMP is considered as an important mediator in the process of these autoimmune diseases, so its presence in blood serum can be used as a diagnostic tool. The purpose of this study is to prove that 33 kDa OMP is one of the immunogenic parts of the Streptococcus Group A β-hemolytic, so it is expected that IgG anti-33 kDa OMP can recognize and respond the bacteria and to support the probability of the Streptococcus Group A β-hemolytic infection. This study was a laboratory experimental study with a control group design. Animal used was RattusNovergicus immunized with whole cell bacteria or 33 kDa OMP mixed with Complete Freund’s Adjuvant or Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant. Polyclonal IgG was obtained by drawing blood serum from the animals after immunization with Streptococcus Group A β-hemolytic for 4 weeks (A; n = 5) and 8 weeks (B; n = 5) or immunization with OMP 33 kDa for 4 weeks (C; n = 5) and 8 weeks (D; n = 5) and also negative control group (E; n = 5). Immunological tests were done using Dot Blot assay, ELISA, and immunocytochemical examination. The data obtained was then evaluated with statistical tests Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Repeated ANOVA (p < 0.05). The result showed that there was a difference in humoral immune response (IgG) between the groups albeit the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Dot Blot and immunocytochemical tests indicated that IgG anti-33 kDa OMP were able to recognize and respond the Streptococcus Group A β-hemolytic antigen. This study concluded that 33 kDa OMP was the immunogenic part of the bacteria and that IgG anti-33 kDa OMP could recognize and respond the Streptococcus Group A β-hemolytic bacteria. 
Cross Reaction among Antibody Pili sub unit Hemagglutinin Proteins and Outer Membrane sub unit Hemagglutinin Proteins of Shigella flexneri Avin Ainur Fitrianingsih; Lailia Nur Rachma; Alvi Milliana; Tinny Endang Hernowati; Aulanni'am Aulanni'am; Sanarto Santoso; Sumarno Reto Prawiro
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 7 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.07.01.01

Abstract

Shigella  flexneri is the most common causal agent of shigellosis. Its pili are composed of pili protein subunits. Adhesion molecules can be found on the pili and outer membrane proteins (Omp). A hemagglutination reaction can be used for screening of adhesion molecules. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular weight of the pili protein subunits and outer membrane proteins of S. flexneri that act as hemagglutinin proteins, and to prove whether there is a cross-reaction between antibodies against hemagglutinin pili protein subunits and outer membrane proteins of S. flexneri. Methods: Pili protein subunits were isolated using pili bacteria cutters, and the outer membrane proteins were solubilized and obtained using sodium dodecyl sulfate 0.05% as detergent for Omp isolation.  The hemagglutination reaction used mice erythrocytes. The cross reactions between subunit pili proteins were conducted by Western blot and Dot blot. Results:. Antibodies against hemagglutinin sub unit pili protein 18 kDa responded to pili protein subunits 18 kDa; 23 kDa; 34 kDa; and 53 kDa; and Omp 23 kDa and 27 kDa. Omp and subunit pili proteins S. flexneri consists of several identical epitopes  that were responsible for the similarity of the response profile in the cross-reactions of antibodies. 
The Effect of Low Power Ultrasonic Wave Exposure to Suppress Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) In Vitro Mas Mansyur; Erni Yudaningtyas; Sumarno Reto Prawiro; Edi Widjajanto
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 8 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.02.07

Abstract

The incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection keeps increasing in every part of the world. Currently, the infection prevalence of MRSA has reached 70% in Asia. In Indonesia in 2006 the prevalence was 23.5%; the infection prevalence of MRSA in RS Atmajaya Jakarta reached 47%, in RSUP Dr. Moh. Husin Palembang reached 46%, and RSUD Abdul Moeloek Lampung in 2013 reached 38.4%. MRSA is multiresistant to antibiotics and is hard to kill compared to most other negative gram bacteria. The purpose of this research is to find the lethal power and exposure of ultrasonic waves to kill MRSA, monitoring its ef-fects via changes in shape, size, structure and Gram staining as indicators. The observations were done mac-roscopically by culturing the MRSA in a petri dish filled with Chromagar MRSA medium, while the morpho-logical observations of MRSA were done by SEM, changes in the structure using TEM, and changes in the color of MRSA cells using Gram staining. Ultrasonic wave exposure, at a lethal power = 8.432 watt, killed a significant percentage of MRSA over the control (p = 0.000). The death indicators of the MRSA due to expo-sure to ultrasonic waves of various power were: changes in shape of MRSA affected by ultrasonic power (p = 0.005), changes in size is not affected by ultrasonic power (p= 0.470), the stain of MRSA cell staining from purple to pink affected by ultrasonic power (p = 0.000), all compared with the control. MRSA died due to ne-crosis, with physical evidence of the MRSA death such as mechanical stress marked by swollen MRSA cell, shift cell wall, crack and tears, cavitation marked by pieces of MRSA cell in the field of view due to explosions inside the cell, change to an irregular cell shape, and changes in color from black to transparent.
Co-Authors Agustina Tri Endharti Alvi Milliana Aulanni'am Aulanni'am Avin Ainur Fitrianingsih Edi Widjajanto Ema Dianita Mayasari Erni Yudaningtyas Hamid Hunaif Dhofi Alluza Lailia Nur Rachma Mas Mansyur Nur Azizah Sanarto Santoso Sri Andarini Sri Winarsih Tinny Endang Hernowati Tri Yudani Mardining Raras Umu Qonitun Wiyasa, I Wayan Arsana Zahra Ahmed