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Analisis Pengaruh Karakteristik Hujan terhadap Gerakan Lereng Haryanti, Sri; Suryolelono, Kabul Basah; Jayadi, Rachmad
Jurnal Semesta Teknika Vol 13, No 2 (2010): NOVEMBER 2010
Publisher : Jurnal Semesta Teknika

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Abstract

Soil movement mostly occurs especially during rainy season at the slope of Kalibawang irrigation channel at KM 15,9 in Kulon Progo district, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The slope movement causes damage at the school building, bridge and irrigation channel. Based on this fact, a research is necessary by modeling the slope at site of conducted. The objectives of this research are to identify the rainfall characteristic which triggering slope movement and to recognizes factor affecting the slope movement. Topography data, physical characteristic, and soil mechanic were applied as the input simulation models. Groundwater flow in slope was numerically simulated by using SEEP/W while the slope deformation simulated by SIGMA/W. Both SEEP/W and SIGMA/W were applied simultaneously in the numerical simulation. Rainfall design with appropriate return period was determined from rainfall annual daily maximum historical data recorded from 1985-2004, while distribution was completed by applying statical analysis on hourly rainfall data. The analysis of normal daily rainfall was determined based on daily rainfall data from Kalibawang rain gauge. Six models were applied as follow: initial condition (Rainfall Model I), heavy rainfall in short duration (Rainfall Model II), normal daily rainfall of 25 and 40 mm in long duration (Rainfall Model III), normal daily rainfall of 20 mm in long duration (Rainfall Model IV), heavy rainfall followed with normal daily rainfall of 20 mm (Rainfall Model V) and normal rainfall of 20 mm followed with heavy rainfall (Rainfall model VI). The result shows that at the research location, the maximum daily rainfall of 2-year-return period is 113,8 mm with dominant duration was 4 hour per day. This value was applied as Rainfall Model II. Based on the simulation the movement or deformation with Rainfall Model II, III, IV, V and VI is 0,22 m; 0,956 m; 1,01 m, ; 0,652 m, and 0,568 respectivally. It is concluded that at the research location, heavy rainfall in short duration gives small impact to slope movement or slope deformation and normal rain of 20 mm in long duration (Rainfall Model IV) is highly significant to the slope movement or slope deformation.
Analisis Kelongsoran Lereng Akibat Pengaruh Tekanan Air Pori di Saluran Induk Kalibawang Kulonprogo Subiyanti, Hesti; Rifa’i, Ahmad; Jayadi, Rachmad
Jurnal Semesta Teknika Vol 14, No 1 (2011): MEI 2011
Publisher : Jurnal Semesta Teknika

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Abstract

During rainy seasons, landslide occurs every year in Talang Bawong, Kalibawang Irrigation Channel thatcan damage houses, school building, bridge and the channel. Considering this fact, a numerical analysis by modeling the slope at the site was conducted. The objectives of this research were to identify the rain characteristic in the research site and to recognize its influence towards the change of water pressure in soil as well as the slope failure. The input data of this analysis were slope topography, physical and mechanical properties of soil applied. Groundwater flow in the slope model was numerically simulated by using SEEP/W software. Designed rainfall with appropriate return period was determined by analizing the maximum daily rainfall data with the aid of HAVARA software, while rainfall depth distribution was completed by applying frequency analysis. The historical daily rainfall data (1985 – 2004) were obtained from Kalibawang rain stasiun. Six rainfall models, as follow: initial condition (no rain) (model I), heavy rain in a short duration (model II), normal rain 25 mm and 40 mm in a long duration (model III), normal rain 20 mm in a long duration (model IV), heavy rain followed by normal rain 20 mm (model V), and normal rain 20 mm followed by heavy rain (model VI) Were analyzed. The output of the simulation was water pressure distribution data, which in turn being used as input data in analyzing slope stability using the SLOPE/W software. The result of the research showed that the highest rainfall with 2-year-return period was 114 mm while the dominant duration was 4 hours/day, and it was applied in the model II. The result showed that, a normal rain in a long duration is more severely influenced the change in water pressure than a heavy rain in a short duration. The safety factors are 1,444 for no rain condition, 1,418 for 114 mm rain for 4 hours, 1,208 for 25 mm and 40 mm rains, 0,982 for 20 mm rain, 1,397 for heavy rain followed by normal rain, and 1,402 for normal rain followed by heavy rain. In addition, a 20 mm normal rain on the 61st  day resulted in the most severe influence on the slope failure. 
KAJIAN PENANGANAN SEDIMENTASI DENGAN WADUK PENAMPUNG SEDIMEN PADA BENDUNGAN SERBAGUNA WONOGIRI Sardi, Sardi; Kironoto, Bambang Agus; Jayadi, Rachmad
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 18, No 3 (2008): SEPTEMBER 2008
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

High rate of sedimentation in Wonogiri Multipurpose Dam may cause the dam service period to become shorter than the prior plan. The discharge of Wonogiri Multipurpose Dam is an accumulation of inflow from several main rivers, including Keduang River which is located at the east side of the dam. Keduang River supplies very high sedimentation input to the reservoir. One of the steps studied and to be implemented in the sediment countermeasure was the building of sediment pocket dam in Keduang River mouth before it enters the reservoir. The research was conducted to determine the reservoir sedimentation before and after countermeasure through a mathematical model approach. It was done by doing flow and sediment transport simulation using the NCCHE-GUI Program to calculate deposition in the reservoir. Simulation was carried out in existing condition and the condition after the sediment pocket dam was built, with the assumption that discharge was evenly distributed for each month. This simplification method was applied in wich monthly simulation was done for one hour. Simulation result was then multiplied by the number of hours allocated per month to generate the result for one year period. Simulation result indicates that annually sedimentation reduction or net deposition is 30.41% in average after the treatment by sediment pocket dam. It is also identifed from the simulation result that the reduction is relatively small, since simulation was not performed up to the condition where the pocket dam was already filled up by sediment, in which the flushing process has not been optimally simulated.
KAJIAN PENANGANAN BANJIR KALI CILIWUNG DKI JAKARTA DITINJAU DARI ASPEK HIDRO-EKONOMI (STUDI KASUS PADA RUAS CAWANG – PINTU AIR MANGGARAI) Waluyadi, Heriantono; Jayadi, Rachmad; Legono, Djoko
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 17, No 3 (2007): SEPTEMBER 2007
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Every year in a rainy season, flood inundates several areas along Ciliwung River, especially in the Cawang – Manggarai reach. Flood in this reach is caused by land use changing in upstream area and narrower the river width in the downstream area. Several planning will be implemented to reduce the flood, which are normalization with widening river, revetment and dike construction also diversion channel from Ciliwung River to East Banjir Kanal. To determine the benefit of every flood control structure the integrated and comprehensive considerations is required. The study of performance of flood management planning with hydro-economy approach that considers hydrologic, hydraulic and economic aspect is conducted in this study. The aim of this study is to determine the benefit of every flood control structure. Before determining the benefit of flood control structure, the expected annual damage must be calculated, the calculation is based on discharge-probability of exceedence curve, discharge-stage curve and stage-damage curve. The relation from above three curves will be needed for damage-probability of exceedence curve. As a result from this curve the expected annual damage and the benefit of flood control structure can be determined. The results of analysis are that the benefit of flood control structure for normalization, diversion channel with 2,5 m in width gate, diversion channel with 3,0 m in width gate and diversion channel with 3,5 m in width gate are Rp. 20 billion, Rp. 16.1 billion, Rp. 18.9 billion and Rp. 20.1 billion respectively.
PENGARUH JUMLAH STASIUN HUJAN TERHADAP KINERJA METODE STORAGE FUNCTION DALAM PENENTUAN DEBIT BANJIR RANCANGAN Hari, Bambang Kuncoro; Jayadi, Rachmad
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 19, No 1 (2009): JANUARI 2009
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Storage Function Method is a method applied in discharge calculation with consideration on catchments characteristics. This method is commonly used in Indonesia by the Japanese experts. The discharge calculation provided by the method is highly influenced by the catchments rainfall, thus the difference of rainfall station number will effect the accuracy of the calculation result. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of difference in the number of rainfall stations on the value of model parameters as well as the accuracy of discharge calculation using the storage function method on Kali Madiun Basin. Basically, the concept used in the storage function method is a water balance, which is analyzed using the mathematical model. The data used in this research are the 10 days hourly rainfall during the flood, and the catchment characteristics constant as the model parameters. Using the trial procedure, the catchments characteristics constant as the input for each of the numbers of rainfall station (2;3;4;5;6; and 7 stations) will provide the 10 days hourly discharge, then the result will be calibrated to the observed data. Based on the calibration result, the smallest deviation of each rainfall station will be selected in order to identify the model parameter and to provide deviation of the observed data. The investigated deviation is the different value between the calculated and the observed runoff, includes volume deviation as well as the 10 days hourly discharge deviation, which are located at the control node of AWLR Sekayu and AWLR A. Yani. Based on the calibration results, it is shown that the largest volume deviation at AWLR Sekayu is 31.64% that occurs on 2 rainfall stations, while the smallest occurs on 6 rainfall stations with deviation of 17.43%. It is also shown that the largest discharge is 37.29% and occurs on 2 rainfall stations, while the largest and the smallest discharge deviations respectively are 36.7% that occurs on 2 rainfall stations and 26.39% that occurs on 7 rainfall stations. Based on the results, it is shown that although the largest number of rainfall station is not the most accurate, but in general, as shown in the graphical results, it is indicated that more numbers of rainfall stations tend to provide better accuracy.
HIDROGRAF SATUAN: PERMASALAHAN DAN ALTERNATIVE PENYELESAIAN Sujono, Joko; Jayadi, Rachmad
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 17, No 2 (2007): MEI 2007
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Unit hydrograph is one of flood design method that commonly used in Indonesia. Problems emerge in the unit hydrograph application including high rainfall variability both time and space, lack of automatic rainfall data needed for unit hydrograph derivation. However, the output of the catchment system called hydrograph that represent all the phenomena in the system is available. So, effect of rainfall variability on unit hydrograph and the possibility to derive unit hydrograph based on hydrograph data without rainfall data need to be studied. Unit hydrograph derivation is done by using different rainfall input i.e. single station, rainfall catchment and inverse effective rainfall derived based on hydrograph alone. The resulted unit hydrographs are then used for design flood calculation. Results show that the resulted unit hydrographs vary among the different rainfall inputs. The difference in peak relative to unit hydrograph derived based on average rainfall for Bedog, Code and Winongo catchments could reach -18%, -30% and -11%, respectively. This result indicates that in the catchment studied, the rainfall variability is relatively high. However, the difference in flood peak is quite small, that is up to -12% for all the catchments. There is a trend that the station closest to the catchment centroid gives small bias in design flood relative to the design flood computed based on average rainfall.
KAJIAN PERUBAHAN EROSI PERMUKAAN AKIBAT PEMBANGUNAN HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI DI AREAL PENCADANGAN HTI KABUPATEN KETAPANG PROPINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT Saptarini N., C. Lestari; A. Kironoto, Bambang; Jayadi, Rachmad
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 17, No 2 (2007): MEI 2007
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Allocated area for planted-forest in Ketapang Regency, especially in Durian Sebatang river basin and its surrounding are in critical condition with low land- productivity and poor hydrologic characteristic. These areas have to be conserved with vegetative method. One of the efforts to synergize soil and water conservation and economic interest is immediately to rehabilitate the critical areas with Planted-Forest (Hutan Tanaman Industri—HTI). Planted-forest system can be arranged to control the rate of erosion. The aim of this study is to predict the rate of erosion at the existing condition and the change of erosion rate at the planting-rotation system (cutting system) in the planted-forest of Acacia sp. The planting- rotations are 5 years, 6 years, 7 years and 8 years during the range of 11 years study. The research uses the version 3.3 of GIS Arc View program to make the land-unit map. The amount of surface erosion (sheet erosion) estimated base on the land-unit map. The calculation of the erosion rate uses the Modified USLE method (Snyder,1989), in which factors influencing the amount of surface erosion are Rain Erosivity (R), Land Erodibility (K), Length and Elevation of slope (LS) and Soil Conservation Factor and Planting System (VM). The results of the study show that the rate of erosion at the existing condition is 1,24 mm/year. Its a light danger erosion level, under the soil loss tolerance limits (2 mm/year). During the 11 first years of HTI development, the rate of erosion in planted forest with planting rotation of 5, 6, 7 and 8 years ranges from 0,91 mm/year to 2,66 mm/year. Its included in a very light to heavy erosion danger level. The lowest average erosion rate is found in the planting rotation of 7 year, continued by 8, 6 and 5 year. At first cycle, the rates of erosion in all planting rotation are more than the amount of existing erosion. Its caused by land clearing activity for plantation, but at further cycle, those are decrease until under the existing condition when the vegetation at conservation areas reach to an optimal growth. The rates of erosion in HTI can be controlled if we arrange the allocation of land utilization t consider by soil type. The reasonable planting-rotation of HTI with Acacia sp vegetation’s type to be applied in the research area is 6 years or 7 years. The optimal planting rotation is decided base on amount of erosion rate, soil stability, wood utilization and economic value. The expectation of this research can be contribute in soil conservation and social economic integrated development program.
STUDI ALTERNATIF PENGENDALIAN BANJIR SUNGAI TONDANO DI KOTA MANADO J.B. Nanlohy, Benjamin; Jayadi, Rachmad; Istiarto, Istiarto
Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil Vol 18, No 1 (2008): JANUARI 2008
Publisher : Civil Engineering Forum Teknik Sipil

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Abstract

Tondano River, along with its tributary Tikala River, is very potential to cause flood in Manado City. There were three big floods occurred in 1996, 2000 and 2005. In order to mitigate the damage risk due to flood, the controlling effort that can be applied soon in the field is required through short term flood control plan using structural measures. The feasible alternative plans should be evaluated to define the best plan based both on the hydraulics point of view and their effects on the river uses. The study is carried out through the 5 year return period flood routing using the version 3.1 HEC-RAS software. The selected design flood hydrograph is obtained using Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph method by elaborating design rainfall derived from partially series rainfall data frequency analysis of Tondano and Tikala watersheds. Flow simulation is conducted in steps by modeling the hydrograph from Tikala River as the lateral inflow. The first simulation is carried out using bank full capacity discharge to define the flood characteristic and the critical sections. The second simulation is carried out for the design flood hydrograph using unsteady flow calculation on each plan to study the hydraulics feasibility. The study conducted herein is elaborated on water surface profile and velocity due to the plans affectivity to carry-off the flood discharge safely as well as the effect on river uses.  Based on the existing condition simulation, result shows two reach critical sections of the right bank and one reach critical section of the left bank Tondano River. The results of flood control simulation indicate that there are no significant differences on velocity among plans, but there are disparities on the capacity to carry off flood discharge safely with no overtopping. For the normalization plan, the overtopping is occurred along the critical section, whereas for both dike plan and combination of dike and normalization plan, no overtopping are occurred but the the critical sections are still existed. Revised plans for dike and combination of dike and normalization are equally effective in carrying off flood discharge securely, but have different effects on water utilization during low flow period. Referring to the study result, the best alternative is the revised dike plan.
MODEL HIDROLOGI TERDISTRIBUSI UNTUK SIMULASI HIDROGRAF BANJIR MENGGUNAKAN DATA RADAR Pamungkas, Yusuf Aji; Jayadi, Rachmad; Sujono, Joko
Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 26, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jts.2019.26.3.9

Abstract

AbstrakPenerapan model hidrologi hujan-aliran terdistribusi sebagai bagian penting dari sistem peringatan dini banjir di wilayah lereng Gunung Merapi, membutuhkan input data hujan dengan resolusi spasial yang memadai. Oleh karena itu penggunaan data hujan dari ARR yang memiliki resolusi spasial yang rendah akan menyebabkan hasil hitungan hujan rata-ratanya (DAS) menjadi kurang teliti. Alternatif yang dapat dilakukan adalah menggunakan data hujan radar yang memiliki resolusi spasial dan temporal yang jauh lebih baik dibandingkan ARR. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan kajian hasil hitungan hidrograf banjir di wilayah lereng Gunung Merapi. Pemodelan hujan-aliran secara terdistribusi dilakukan dengan menentukan resolusi grid dari DAS dengan titik tinjau hitungan pada pos AWLR. Hujan pada setiap grid DAS dihitung sebagai rata-rata data hujan radar semua piksel di area masing-masing grid DAS. Simulasi limpasan permukaan DAS menggunakan paket perangkat lunak WMS v.10.1 dengan metode Hidrograf Satuan ModClark. Evaluasi ketelitian hidrograf banjir hasil simulasi didasarkan pada indikator kesalahan relatif debit puncak (peak discharge), waktu puncak (time to peak) dan volume limpasan permukaan (direct runoff volume). Hasil hitungan simulasi limpasan permukaan DAS menunjukkan bahwa perlu dilakukan telaah yang rinci terhadap faktor losses dan kesesuaian parameter hidrograf satuan, untuk menghasilkan kalibrasi model yang akurat. AbstractThe application of the distributed rainflow-runoff hydrological model as an important part of the early flood warning system in the slopes of Mount Merapi, requires rainfall data input with adequate spatial resolution. Therefore, the use of rainfall data from ARR which has a low spatial resolution will cause the results of the average rainfall (watershed) to be less precise. An alternative that can be done is to use radar rainfall data that has a far better spatial and temporal resolutions than the data from ARR. In this research, a study of the results of the flood hydrograph calculation in the slopes of Mount Merapi was conducted. The distributed rainflow-runoff modeling was done by determining the grid resolution of the watershed with a reference point of the calculation in the AWLR. Rain on each watershed grid was calculated as the average radar rainfall data of all pixels in the area of each watershed grid. Watershed surface runoff simulation used the WMS v.10.1 software package with the ModClark Unit Hydrograph method. The evaluation of the flood hydrograph simulation results' accuracy was based on indicators of the relative error of peak discharge, time to peak and direct runoff volume. The results of the watershed surface runoff simulation showed that a detailed study of the loss factors and the compatibility of the unit hydrograph parameter is necessary to produce an accurate model calibration.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI SALURAN IRIGASI DI DAERAH IRIGASI BORO KABUPATEN PURWOREJO, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH Darajat, Achmad Rafi’ud; Nurrochmad, Fatchan; Jayadi, Rachmad
INERSIA: lNformasi dan Ekspose hasil Riset teknik SIpil dan Arsitektur Vol 13, No 2 (2017): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1249.163 KB) | DOI: 10.21831/inersia.v13i2.17178

Abstract

ABSTRACTIrigation channel of Boro is the infrastructure that functions to irrigated water in Boro irrigation area from mier to the paddy fields. The maximum level in this process will be influenced to how the efficiency of channel to irrigate water. The aim of the research was to analyze the efficiency and loose of water. This research was conducted in primary, secondary, and tertiary in Boro irrigation area.The efficency of the irrigation channel was analyzed with  compairing the rate of flow out water with the rate of flow in water throught. Meanwhile the loose of water was analyzed with counting the evaporation, infiltration, and stream leakage in channel. The data used in this study are primary data in the form of data flow rate obtained from measurements of the flow in the channel. The result shown that the total efficiency of irrigation channel in Boro irrigation area was 47.61%. The loss is caused by infiltration of 31.99%, evaporation 0.21%, and due to leakage is 67.80%. The loss of water in the channel is largely due to the large number of damaged channel lining, the presence of channel sedimentation and the use of flow for non-irrigation activities. Keywords : Efficiency, Evaporation, Infiltration, Water Loss.                                                                                                               ABSTRAK Saluran irigasi Boro merupakan infrastruktur pengairan Daerah Irigasi Boro yang berfungsi untuk mengalirkan air dari bendung menuju petak sawah. Capaian maksimal dalam proses penghantaran ini akan dipengaruhi oleh seberapa besar efisiensi saluran untuk mengalirkan air tersebut. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis besarnya efisiensi dan kehilangan air di Saluran. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada saluran primer, sekunder dan tersier di Daerah irigasi Boro. Efisiensi pada saluran irigasi dianalisis dengan menbandingkan antara besar debit input pada saluran dengan debit output saluran. Sedangkan untuk kehilangan air di saluran irigasi dianalisis dengan menghitung besarnya evaporasi, infiltrasi, dan kebocoran pada saluran. Data data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data primer berupa data kecepatan aliran yang diperoleh dari pengukuran tampang aliran di saluran. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa efisiensi total saluran irigasi di Daerah Irigasi Boro adalah 47,61 %. Kehilangan tersebut disebabkan oleh infiltrasi 31,99 %, evaporasi 0,21 %, dan karena kebocoran adalah 67,80%. Kehilangan air di saluran sebagian besar disebabkan oleh banyaknya lining saluran yang rusak, adanya sedimentasi di saluran serta penggunaan aliran untuk kegiatan non irigasi. Kata kunci : Efisiensi, Evaporasi, Infiltrasi, Kehilangan air.