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All Journal CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology Itepa : Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan Jurnal Farmasi Udayana INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine
Ketut Ratnayani
Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA Universitas Udayana, Bali-Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Electrical & Electronics Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology

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AMPLICATION OF 0.7KB FRAGMENT KATG GENE FROM CLINICAL MULTI DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATE IN BALI Dwiputri, A. W.; Ratnayani, K.; Yowani, and S. C.
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol 7 No 2 (2013): IJBS Vol2 No2
Publisher : Udayana University

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During last decade has seen a particular increase in the occurrence of drug-resistant of tuberculosis (DR-TB) and multi-DR strains, such as Isoniazid (INH) resistant strains of M. tuberculosis.  INH resistance is more frequently associated with mutations in the katG gene. Detection of katG gene mutations can be performed by PCR technique, followed by sequences. The aim of this study is to amplify katG gene region (0,7 Kb) from clinical isolate of MDR-TB in Bali. DNA isolation for PCR was done by Boom method and katG gene amplification was performed under the following conditions: predenaturation at 950C for 15 min; fourty cycles of denaturation at 940C for 1 min, annealing at 560C for 1 min, extension at 720C for 2 min; final extension at 720C for 10 min. The amplicons were detected by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis and showed a specific band size at 0.7 kb. This suggests that the fragment of katG gene has been successfully amplified in these areas.
OPTIMASI SUHU, pH DAN AMOBILISASI SELULASE DARI KONSORSIUM MIKROBA SELULOLITIK (KMS.UU1a) PADA KALSIUM ALGINAT Ro’yal Aini; I Nengah Wirajana; Ketut Ratnayani
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 8 No 2 (2020): Volume 8, Nomor 2, 2020
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui suhu dan pH optimum selulase dari konsorsium mikroba selulolitik KMS.UU1a dalam kondisi bebas dan terambobilisasi, konsentrasi kalsium alginat optimum untuk amobilisasi selulase, serta keberulangan (reusability) dan efisiensi selulase terambilisasi. Pengukuran aktivitas selulase dilakukan berdasarkan kandungan gula pereduksi sebelum dan sesudah reaksi enzimatis dengan metode Dinitrosalycilic acid (DNS). Aktivitas selulase KMS.UU1a baik dalam kondisi bebas dan teramobilisasi diuji pada suhu 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 dan 60 oC; dan pH 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, dan 9. Konsentrasi sodium alginat yang digunakan dalam proses amobilisasi selulase KMS.UU1a adalah 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0, 2,5 dan 3,0 % (b/v) dalam CaCl2 0,15 M. Uji keberulangan dilakukan dengan mengukur aktivitas selulase KMS.UU1a amobil pada 4 (empat) kali pemakaian enzim, sedangkan efisiensi diketahui dari uji aktivitas selulase bebas sebelum dan setelah amobilisasi. Konsentrasi kalsium alginat optimum untuk amobilisasi selulase KMS.UU1a adalah 2,0 % (b/v). Suhu optimum selulase KMS.UU1a bebas lebih rendah (40 oC) dibandingkan dengan selulase amobil (45 oC), dengan aktivitas selulase bebas 0,005636 U/mL, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan aktivitas selulase amobil 0,003617 U/mL. Selulase KMS.UU1a bebas dan amobil sama-sama memiliki pH optimum 6,0 dengan aktivitas selulase berturut-turut sebesar 0,006444 U/mL dan 0,003771 U/mL. Keberulangan dilihat dari besarnya aktivitas selulase KMS.UU1a amobil pada pemakaian kedua, ketiga, dan keempat terhadap pemakaian pertama berturut-turut sebesar 70,53; 61,66; dan 23,92 %. Efisiensi amobilisasi selulase KMS.UU1a pada kalsium alginate diperoleh sebesar 63,8711 %. ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum temperature and pH of cellulase from the KMS.UU1a cellulolytic microbial consortium in free and immobilized conditions, the optimum percentage of calcium alginate used for cellulase immobilization, reusability and efficiency of immobilized cellulase. The enzyme activity was determined by the Dinitrosalycilic acid (DNS) method KMS.UU1a cellulase activity in both free and immobilized conditions was tested at temperatures of 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 oC; and pH 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. The concentration of alginate used in the immobilization process of KMS.UU1a cellulase was 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0% (w/v) in 0.15 M CaCl2, was done by measuring the immobilized KMS.UU1a cellulase activity in 4 (four) enzyme usage cycles, while the efficiency was known from the cellulase free activity test before and after immobilization. The optimum concentration of calcium alginate for immobilization of KMS.UU1a cellulase was 2.0% (w/v). The optimum temperature of free KMS.UU1a cellulases was lower (40 oC) compared to immobilized cellulases (45 oC), with free cellulase activity of 0.005636 U / mL, higher than that of immobilized cellulases of 0.003617 U / mL. Both free and immobilized KMS.UU1a cellulases had an optimum pH of 6.0, with cellulase activity of 0.006444 U/mL and 0.003771 U/ mL, respectively. Repetition can be seen from the immobilized KMS.UU1a cellulase activity in the second, third, and fourth cycles of the first cycle respectively of 70.53; 61.66; and 23.92%. The immobilization efficiency of KMS.UU1a cellulase on calcium alginate was 63.8711%.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI FRAKSI N-HEKSAN DAUN CENDANA (Santalum album Linn.) TERHADAP OEDEM TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENAN Ni Made Puspawati; I Wayan Suirta; Ni Luh Putu Mega Wahyuni; Ni Ketut Ratnayani
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 5 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK: Cendana (Santalum album L.) umumnya digunakan sebagai obat tradisional untuk mengobati inflamasi (bengkak). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antiinflamasi fraksi n-heksan ekstrak daun cendana (Santalum album L.) terhadap udema pada telapak kaki tikus putih jantan galur Wistar yang diinduksi karagenan dan mengidentifikasi senyawa aktifnya. Pada pengujian aktivitas antiinflamasi digunakan 5 kelompok tikus yaitu kelompok kontrol positif (na-diklofenak 5 mg/kg BB), kelompok kontrol negatif (CMC 1%) dan 3 kelompok perlakuan (dosis fraksi n-heksan 125 mg/kg BB, 250 mg/kg BB, dan 500 mg/kg BB). Hasil uji aktivitas antiinflamasi menunjukkan pada menit ke-360 fraksi n-heksana pada dosis 125 mg/kg BB dan 250 mg/kg BB mampu menghambat udema telapak kaki tikus berturut-turut sebesar 80,39% dan 82,35% lebih tinggi dari kontrol positif yaitu 66,66%. Sedangkan pada dosis yang lebih tinggi 500 mg/kg BB aktivitasnya menurun dan lebih rendah dari kontrol positif yaitu sebesar 44,12%. Hasil uji One Way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dosis 125 mg/kg BB dan dosis 250 mg/kg BB tidak memiliki perbedaan bermakna dengan kelompok kontrol positif, sedangkan untuk dosis 500 mg/kg BB memiliki tidak memiliki perbedaan bermakna dengan kontrol negatif. Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa fraksi n-heksan daun cendana mengandung senyawa 2,2,4-trimetil-1,3-pentanadiol diisobutirat; metil palmitat; metil linoleat; metil oleat; di(2-etilheksil) terephtalat; dan asaron. ABSTRACT: Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is commonly used as a traditional medicine to treat inflammation. The aim of this research were to evaluate antiinflammatory activity of n-hexane fraction of cendana leaves extract and to characterise its active compounds. The anti-inflammatory activity test was conducted using 25 Wistar rats which were divided into five groups: group 1 treated with carrageenan (control negative), group 2 treated with standar drug (sodium diclofenac) whereas group 3,4, and 5 treated with different doses (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg/BW) of n-hexane fraction of santalum album leaves extract along with carrageenan respectively. The active constituent was charactersised using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer). The anti-inflammatory test demonstrated that the n-hexane fraction of santalum album leaves reduced carrageenan induced rats paw edema in a dose dependent manner. The n-hexane fraction at dose of 125 and 250 mg/kg BW showed potent inhibition of inflammation after 6 hours which can inhibit inflammation by 80.39 and 82.35% respectively as compared to positive control (66.66%). Further increase in dose i.e 500 mg/kg BW decreased the activity to 44.12%. Statistical analysis showed that antiinflammatory activity of n-hexane fraction at doses 125 mg and 250 mg/kgBW did not significantly different to control positif while at dose of 500 mg/kgBW did not significantly different to control negative. The active compounds were tentaviley identified as 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentandiol diisobutyrates, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; octadeca,9,12-dienoic acid, methyl ester, 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, terepthalic acid, 2-ethylhexyl undecyl ester, and asarone.
PENGGUNAAN ENZIM PEPSIN UNTUK PRODUKSI HIDROLISAT PROTEIN KACANG GUDE (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) YANG AKTIF ANTIOKSIDAN Helen Helda Prastika; Ketut Ratnayani; Ni Made Puspawati; A.A.I.A. Mayun Laksmiwati
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 7 No 2 (2019): volume 7, Nomor 2, 2019
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK: Penelitian tentang penggunaan enzim pepsin untuk produksi hidrolisat protein kacang gude (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) yang aktif antioksidan telah dilakukan dengan variasi waktu hidrolisis 0, 30, 60, 90, dan 120 menit. Hidrolisis protein enzimatik merupakan metode yang sangat efisien untuk menghasilkan bioaktif peptida termasuk menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi asam amino bebas yang dilepaskan selama proses hidrolisis, nilai derajat hidrolisis, aktivitas antioksidan, dan pengaruh waktu hidrolisis terhadap aktivitas antioksidan. Konsentrasi asam amino diukur menggunakan standar asam amino leusin dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer pada ?maks 570 nm dan diperoleh konsentrasi tertinggi hidrolisat protein sebesar 2,4671 mg/mL. Enzim pepsin mampu menghidrolisis protein dengan nilai derajat hidrolisis tertinggi sebesar 23,59%. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji secara in vitro menggunakan radikal DPPH dan diukur pada ?maks 517 nm. Berdasarkan penelitian hidrolisat kacang gude mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi sebesar 82,46%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh variasi waktu hidrolisis terhadap terhadap peningkatan jumlah asam amino bebas, nilai derajat hidrolisis, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Diketahui bahwa semakin lama waktu hidrolisis, hasil yang diperoleh semakin meningkat. Hasil tertinggi pada masing-masing proses tersebut terjadi pada waktu 120 menit sehingga hasil dimungkinkan masih dapat meningkat dengan penambahan waktu hidrolisis. Kata kunci: bioaktif peptida, kacang gude, pepsin, derajat hidrolisis, antioksidan ABSTRACT: The study of the effect of pepsin enzyme for the production of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) protein hydrolyzate which is active as antioxidants has been carried out with variations in hydrolysis time of 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Enzymatic protein hydrolysis is a very efficient method for producing bioactive peptides and also showing antioxidant activity. This study was conducted to determine the concentration of free amino acids released during the hydrolysis process, the value of hydrolysis degrees, antioxidant activity, and the influence of hydrolysis time on antioxidant activity. Amino acid concentrations were measured using standard amino acid leucine using a spectrophotometer at ?max 570 nm and obtained the highest concentration of protein hydrolyzate at 2,4671 mg / mL. The pepsin enzyme is able to hydrolyze proteins with the highest hydrolysis degree value of 23.59%. Antioxidant activity was tested in vitro using DPPH radical and measured at ?maks 517 nm. Based on the research of pigeon pea hydrolyzate it has the highest antioxidant activity of 82.46%. The results showed the influence of the variation of hydrolysis time on the increase in the number of free amino acids, the value of hydrolysis degrees, and antioxidant activity. It is known that the longer the hydrolysis time, the results obtained increase. The highest results in each of these processes occur at 120 minutes so that the results are possible can still increase with the addition of hydrolysis time.
OPTIMASI SUHU ANNEALING DAN AMPLIFIKASI 0,3 kb GEN rpoB DI HULU DARI RRDR PADA ISOLAT P16 Mycobacterium tuberculosis MULTIDRUG RESISTANT DI BALI DENGAN METODE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION Putu Lita Astriani; Ketut Ratnayani; Sagung Chandra Yowani
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 2 No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Magister Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK: Mutasi di hulu dari RRDR diindikasikan sebagai adanya low level resistence [1].   Untuk mendapatkan titik mutasi di hulu dari RRDR maka perlu dilakukan amplifikasi fragmen DNA target. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui suhu annealing optimum untuk mengamplifikasi daerah hulu dari RRDR menggunakan  isolat P16 Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) yang didapatkan dari RSUP Sanglah. Proses isolasi DNA dilakukan dengan metode Boom  termodifikasi. Deteksi  produk PCR dilakukan dengan elektroforesis gel agarosa 1,5% b/v dan divisualisasi pada alat UV Transiluminator. Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa dengan proses PCR menggunakan sepasang primer FrL2 dan RevL2 dengan suhu annealing optimum 580C dapat mengamplifikasi daerah hulu dari RRDR berukuran 0,3 kb.  ABSTRACT: Mutations at the upstream of RRDR indicated as the presence of low level resistance [1].  To find a point mutation at the upstream of RRDR it is necessary to amplify of the target DNA fragment. The aim of this research was to determinate the optimum annealing temperature to amplify the upstream  region of the RRDR using isolate from Sanglah Hospital. Isolation DNA procesed by Boom  modification  method. Product PCR detected using agarosa gel 1,5% b/v and was visualisation by UV Transiluminator. The results of this research, by PCR method using the pairs primer FrL2 and RevL2 with optimum annealing temperature 580C, can amlplify 0,3 kb the upstream region of RRDR.
SKRINING POTENSI JENIS BIJI POLONG-POLONGAN (Famili Fabaceae) DAN BIJI LABU-LABUAN (Famili Cucurbitaceae) SEBAGAI KOAGULAN ALAMI PENGGANTI TAWAS Ni Komang Ariati; Ketut - Ratnayani
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 11. No. 1 Januari 2017
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

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Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang Skrining Potensi Beberapa Jenis Biji Polong-polongan (Famili Fabaceae) dan Biji Labu-labuan (Famili Cucurbitaceae) Sebagai Kuagulan Alami Pengganti Tawas. Potensi biji-bijian ditentukan dengan metode turbidimetri dengan menghitung persentase penurunan turbiditas dari masing-masing biji-biji tersebut yang diujikan pada sampel air.             Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serbuk biji asam jawa dari suku polong-polongan terbukti mampu berperan sebagai kuagulan alami, sedangkan biji bari suku labu-labuan kurang potensial menurunkan kekeruhan air. Persen penurunan kekeruhan dengan menggunakan kuagulan biji dari suku polong-polongan (lamtoro, merak, asam jawa) berturut-turut 32,35%, 39,99%, 62,75% dan biji dari suku labu-labuan (labu kuning, melon, semangka) berturut-turut  47,50%, 44,71%, 51,81%.
ANALISIS ASAM AMINO PENSTIMULASI SEKRESI INSULIN DALAM BIJI KECIPIR, BIJI ASAM, DAN BIJI KELOR DENGAN HPLC Dita Rizkiyanti; Ni Made Suaniti; Ketut Ratnayani
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 10, No. 1 Januari 2016
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

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Seeds are a source of high protein when compared with other parts of the plant. Compared to soy bean, the use of winged bean seeds, tamarind seeds, moringa seeds as protein sources are still very limited. Protein composed of several amino acids bond together to form a polypeptide. Some amino acids have been investigated to act as stimulating insulin secretion, namely, arginine, alanine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, and lysine. The aim of this study was to determine the potential content of amino acids stimulating the secretion of insulin in winged bean seeds, tamarind seeds, and moringa seeds. Based on the total content of amino acids in each seeds, the results showed that moringa seeds have the highest levels of total amino acids stimulating insulin secretion (16.4%), followed by winged bean seeds (16.2%), and tamarind seeds (12.1%). But if seen by the levels of each amino acid, the winged bean seeds on average had the highest amino acid content. The highest levels of arginine, alanine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, and leucine were found in winged bean seeds, while only one specific amino acid i.e. lysine was found to be the highest level on moringa seeds. It can be concluded that the most potential seeds as a source of amino acids stimulating insulin was the winged bean seeds, that will be useful in the prevention or treatment of diabetes mellitus.
AKTIVITAS ANTIRADIKAL BEBAS SERTA KADAR BETA KAROTEN PADA MADU RANDU (Ceiba pentandra) DAN MADU KELENGKENG (Nephelium longata L.) I M. Oka Adi Parwata; K. Ratnayani; Ana Listya
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 4, No. 1 Januari 2010
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

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Abstract

It has been done the determination of free antiradical activity and beta caroten concentration on randu honey(Ceiba pentandra) and kelengkeng honey (Nephelium longata L.). The free antiradical activity determined bydiphenyl pykril hydrazil (DPPH) method according to sphectrophotometry UV-Vis, before that the honey was dilutedwith methanol and then the absorbance was measured on 497nm, 517 nm, and 537 nm. The beta karotenconcentration determination was done TLC-Sphetrophotodensitometrically by using beta caroten standard; the honeywhich was resulted by methanol maseration was partiated with acetone p.a. The next step was done by TLC withethyl acetate as an eluent : chloroform (3:7) and the peak of the analyt was read on TLC scanner 3.The result showed that the free antiradical activity on kelengkeng honey was greater than randu honey.Whereas the beta caroten concentration on kelengkeng honey was fewer than beta caroten concentration randuhoney. The activity of free antiradical and beta caroten concentration was 82,10 % and 1,9687 mg/100 g respectively,whereas for randu honey was 69,37 % and 3,6327 mg/100 g respectively.
PERBANDINGAN AKTIVITAS SPESIFIK EKSTRAK KASAR ENZIM BROMELIN BUAH NANAS YANG DIISOLASI DENGAN BEBERAPA JENIS GARAM PENGENDAP I. A. Preharsini Kusuma; A. A. I. A. M. Laksmiwati; Made Arsa; Ketut Ratnayani
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 9, No. 2 Juli 2015
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

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Abstract

The aim of this research was to find specific activity of bromelain enzyme extracted from crude extract of pineapple fruit (Queen variety) by salting out method using three different salts, which were (NH4)2SO4, NaCl, and Kusamba traditional salt. Crude extract of bromelain enzyme was obtained by precipitation method using salt with different levels of saturation. This study included determination of total protein concentration by using Biuret method and protease activity by using Anson method to get the specific activities of the crude extract. The results showed that the highest specific activities of bromelain enzymes precipitated with the three salts (NH4)2SO4, NaCl and Kusamba traditional salt with the ratio of 1: 0.94: 0.56 were 0.2887 U/mg (at 20% saturation) ; 0.2705 U/mg (at 40% saturation) and 0.1623 U/mg (at 80% saturation). Fractination of enzyme with the NaCl and Kusamba traditional salt gave smaller specific activity value than (NH4)2SO4. This results may caused of NaCl had smaller ionic strength, the presence of other ions in Kusamba traditional salt and the different solubility of bromelain enzyme in different salts. However, due to the ratio of NaCl approached (NH4)2SO4 and the availability of Kusamba traditional salt they could be used as alternative salts to replace (NH4)2SO4 in fractination bromelain enzyme from crude extract of pineapple fruit
NILAI DAYA HANTAR LISTRIK, KADAR ABU, NATRIUM, DAN KALIUM PADA MADU BERMERK DI PASARAN DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN MADU ALAMI (LOKAL) Putu Setya Sri Antary; Ketut Ratnayani; A. A. I. A. Mayun Laksmiwati
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 7, No. 2 Juli 2013
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (279.403 KB) | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2013.v07.i02.p08

Abstract

Honey sweet substance naturally produced by bees. Good honey must meet the requiremends setby the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The aim of this research was to determine thequality of some branded honey samples sold in some markets around Denpasar and natural honey (local) collected from beekeepersby examining their electrical conductivities, ash contents, and ratio of potassium to sodium. The electrical conductivities were determinedby applying the standard procedures established by IHC (International Honey Commission), ash contents were quartified by following the procedures of standard SNI01-3545-2004, while the determination of potassium and sodium contents were carried out by the use of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The results showed that the electrical conductivities and ash contentsin all honey samples studiedmet the maximum limits of standard values which were of 0.8 mS.cm-1 and 0.50 %, respectively. The results also demonstrated that the value of electrical conductivities were proportional to the ash contents. The ratio of sodium to potassium of a good quality honeyis approximately 4 : 1. In this research, it was found that the ratio of Na : K for samples A (natural honey), B, C, and D, were of (3 : 1), (2: 1), (4 : 1), and (4 : 1), respectively, while for sample E was of 8 : 1. It was concluded that A, B, C, and D samples meet the criteria of good quality honey, while sample E (not branded honey) didnot meet the criteria.
Co-Authors A. A. Ayu Septri Juwarni A. W. Dwiputri Amanda Awalia Ramadhani Ana Listya Anak Agung Istri Agung Mayun Laksmiwati Darma Asih Yuliana Deniariasih, N.W. Dita Rizkiyanti Helen Helda Prastika I G. A. M. A. S. Gitadewi I Gusti Ayu Kunti Sri Panca Dewi I Ketut Suter I Made Oka Adi Parwata I Nengah Kencana Putra I Nengah Wirajana I Wayan Suirta I. A. Preharsini Kusuma I. A. R. Astiti Asih Ida Bagus Swardana Indriani Wisnu Susanto Panjaitan James Sibarani Lia Kusumaningrum Liangky Syane S M. A. Pratiwi M. Nazib Made Arsa Maman Sudiarto Ni G. A. M. Dwi Adhi Suastuti Ni Komang Ariati Ni Luh Putu Mega Wahyuni Ni Made Puspawati Ni Made Suaniti Ni P. Indah Septian P. Ni Putu Frida Oktaningtias Widiarthi Ni Putu Wiwik Oktayuni Ni Wayan Agustini Ni Wayan Wisaniyasa NYOMAN SEMADI ANTARA Putu Eka Purnama Putu Lita Astriani Putu Setya Sri Antary Ro’yal Aini Sagun Chandra Yowani Tutut Hardikawati