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Studi Kinetika Reaksi Asilasi Fenol dengan Asam Sitrat Anhidrida Alim, Hidayat Akbar Adiansyah; Kamulyan, Budi; Suratmo, Suratmo
Jurnal Ilmu Kimia Universitas Brawijaya Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

Studi kinetika reaksi asilasi fenol dengan asam sitrat anhidrida bertujuan untuk mempelajari kinetika reaksi asilasi fenol dengan asam sitrat anhidrida serta mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi fenol terhadap kinetika reaksinya dari kadar fenol sisa. Asam sitrat anhidrida dibuat dari asam sitrat dengan cara memanaskan pada suhu 1700C dalam reaktor. Reaksi asilasi fenol dengan asam sitrat anhidrida dilakukan pada suhu 700C dengan variasi perbandingan konsentrasi fenol  dan waktu reaksi. Perbandingan konsentrasi fenol dengan asam sitrat anhidrida dilakukan pada 3:1 ; 2:1 ; 1:1 dan pada variasi waktu reaksi 30, 60, 90, 120 menit. Kadar fenol sisa dari reaksi asilasi fenol dengan asam sitrat anhidrida diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan metode folin – ciocalteu. Identifikasi senyawa dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR digunakan untuk mengetahui gugus fungsi dari senyawa fenol, asam sitrat, asam sitrat anhidrida dan senyawa hasil reaksi. Dari hasil percobaan menunjukkan reaksi orde dua. Semakin besar konsentrasi fenol akan meningkatkan kadar fenol sisa dan menurunkan konstanta laju reaksi. Kata kunci: asam sitrat anhidrida, fenol, reaksi asilasi.
PEMANFAATAN NATA DE COCO TERMODIFIKASI ASAM SITRAT SEBAGAI BAHAN BKU MEMBRAN Syaifudin, Achmad; Kamulyan, Budi; Mardiana, Diah
Jurnal Ilmu Kimia Universitas Brawijaya Vol 1, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

In order to discover the alternatif of membrane raw material, modification of nata de coco by esterification has been conducted. In this research, it has been done using citric acid and dibutyltin oxide catalyst. This research aims was to determine the effect of esterification on the chemical structure, thermal properties and hydrophilicity of modified cellulose. Reaction of solid state system using closed reactor supporting by mechanical strirer has been done for 3 hours at 155oC. It was used for reacting 5 g of cellulose and 0.3 g of dibutyltin oxide with adding of citric acid were 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 g. Product characterization were investigated by FTIR spectrophotometry for predicting the chemical structure and thermal properties using DTA. Where as, hydrophilicity was determined by its swelling index of aquades and ethanol up to 6 hours. The result of FTIR spectrum showed that ester cellulose has been produced, indicating by specific peak of carbonyl group at wave number 1733.89 cm-1. DTA thermogram of ester cellulose showed a glass transition at 7.6oC and endothermic peak at 27.6 and 70.5°C, respectively.   In addition, swelling equilibrium of 3 hours has been obtained with swelling index for aquadest and ethanol were 0.209 and 0.361 time, respectively. Key words:citric acid, esterification, nata de coco
Kajian Limbah Kerajinan Batik Kayu di Desa Wisata Krebet Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Widyastuti, Dyah; Mukhlison, Mukhlison; Kamulyan, Budi; Mulyan, Melati; Rofi’i, Ikhwanudin; Rachman, Nely Fibriana; Albihad, Dennis
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 18, No 1 (2019): April 2019
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.18.1.50-56

Abstract

Latar belakang: Desa wisata Krebet di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta merupakan daerah yang berhasil berkembang dengan mengoptimalkan kerajinan batik kayu. Keterampilan masyarakat dalam berinovasi menghasilkan karya batik dengan media kayu menjadikannya sebagai sentra kerajinan batik kayu. Kerajinan batik kayu berpotensi menghasilkan limbah dengan kandungan logam berat yang dapat menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi kandungan limbah kerajinan batik kayu yang meliputi jenis, volume dan konsentrasi limbah di Desa wisata Krebet.Metode: Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder. Data primer dilakukan dengan cara observasi lapangan, uji laboratorium untuk mengetahui kandungan logam berat, dan wawancara. Sampel dari data primer berupa limbah yang dihasilkan. Data sekunder berupa data penelitian orang lain dan dokumen instansi yang sudah dipublikasi. Hasil akhir semua data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif untuk mendapatkan kesimpulan dari penelitian ini.Hasil: Estimasi limbah padat yang dihasilkan mencapai ±17,712 m3/bulan dan limbah cair yang berasal dari proses pembatikan mencapai 305-533 L/bulan. Hasil uji laboratorium limbah cair diketahui parameter BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, dan Amonia Total telah melampaui baku mutu. Selain itu, uji sampel tanah menunjukkan unsur Cr, Cu, dan Zn melebihi baku mutu. Namun hasil uji laboratorium air sumur (variabel kontrol) tidak menunjukkan parameter yang melampaui baku mutu.Simpulan: Kandungan limbah kerajinan batik kayu Desa Wisata Krebet berpotensi mencemari lingkungan di masa mendatang, meskipun saat ini belum mencemari air tanah. ABSTRACT Title: Study of Batik Kayu Handicraft Waste in Krebet Tourism Village Daerah Istimewa YogyakartaBackground: Krebet tourism village in the province of Yogyakarta is area which developing successfully with optimizing wooden batik handicraft. The people skills to innovating batik with wood material makes the village as center of wooden batik handicraft. Wooden batik handicraft potentially to result the waste with containing heavy metals which can be cause environmental damage. Therefore, this research wants to assess the potential content the wooden batik waste in Krebet tourism village.Method: Data collection is divided into two groups, primary and secondary data. The Primary data has been conducted by fieldworks, laboratory test to find out the content of heavy metals, and interviews. Type of primary data samples was the waste produced. The secondary data has been condcuted by collecting the other research results or institution documents. The final results of all data have been analyzed by descriptive qualitative to generate conclusions from this studyResult: The estimated of solid waste which produced is ± 17.712 m3/month and liquid waste which originated from the pembatikan process is 305-533 L/month. The result of liquid waste laboratory test was showing parameters of BOD, COD, and TSS has been exceeded the raw quality. Moreover, soil samples test was showing elements of Cr, Cu, Zn, and Total Ammoniac has been exceeded the quality raw. Nevertheless, the results of well water laboratory test (control variables) was not showing the parameters that exceeded the raw quality.Conclusion: The contents of the wood batik waste in Krebet village have a potential to contaminating of environmental in the future, although, currently, ground water is not contaminated by waste.  
Analisis Kebutuhan Bak Penampung Lumpur IPA sebagai Upaya Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan Sari, Deasy Ambar; Kamulyan, Budi; Triatmodjo, Bambang
Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan Vol 17, No 3 (2020): November 2020
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1186.431 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/presipitasi.v17i3.284-294

Abstract

Sand Drying Bed (SDB) is designed for reducing the potential environmental impact caused by Water Treatment Plants – WTP residuals. Currently, the technical document of SNI (Indonesian National Standard) is still difficult to be applied by the engineer in determining required SDB’s volume based on WTP’s capacity and raw water conditions. The purpose of this research is to analyze WTP’s sludge production for designing SDB’s volume. The research was taken place at Pajangan WTP (50 l/s capacity) and Bantar System of Kartamantul WTP (400 l/s capacity) in Yogyakarta Special Province, which use Progo River as raw water source. The data used in the analysis is raw water turbidity compilation data, TSS (Total Suspended Solid) fluctuations rate of raw water, coagulant dosage used, specific gravity range of dried sludge and imhoff settling ratio based on laboratory tests. The results obtained show that one-year production of dry sludge on Pajangan WTP Unit is estimated to reach 244.55 m3/year from the total number of WTP residual (water and sludge) produced of around 43,158.52 m3/year. Meanwhile, the dry sludge produced on Kartamantul WTP Unit is estimated to reach 1,550.49 m3/year from the total number of WTP residual produced of around 273,635.22 m3/year. Then, each of Pajangan and Kartamantul WTP unit produced about 2.365 m3/day and 1.874 m3/day sludge for every 1 liter/second of raw water. This large amount of sludge leads the SDB has to be better designed.
STUDY OF GREYWATER REUSE SYSTEM WITH LOCAL MATERIAL FILTER Stenly Recky Bontinge; Agus Prasetya; Budi Kamulyan
ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering Vol 5, No 1 (2021): ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering
Publisher : Master in Systems Engineering

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Abstract

The abundant supply of greywater as domestic waste becomes an opportunity for further processing and can be reused as water (reuse) instead of consumption (eating and drinking). Every day as much as 60% of greywater is wasted as a by-product of human consumption. Filtration using local media becomes the treatment option. The size of the greywater particles ranges from 10 μm to 100 μm. The filter media size is made into two levels i.e., 80 mesh (active zeolite and charcoal) and mesh 18 (active sand) to filter particles by ten μm and mesh 14 (zeolite and activated charcoal) and mesh 10 (activated sand) to filter the particle size of 53 μm. The combination of filter media thickness in three experiments took one of the filter media to be used in each experiment. Each experiment will be used one filter media with a thickness of 50 cm and 25 cm each for supporting filter media, with a total media thickness of 100 cm.All of the above become independent variables in research. While the dependent variable is water quality standard in accordance PP. 82 the year 2001 with the main parameters are BOD, COD, TSS, pH, and detergent. The flow rate is set at 24.55 ml / m2 min. Besides the quality standard, the research still refers to cost efficiency and processing time (filtration). All variables consist of 6 filters that give different results; in laboratory test control, only pH fulfills the quality standard of PP. 82 of 2001. This study provides the best combination of filter media in A filter with BOD presentation: 82%, COD: 85%, TSS: 99%, and 98% detergent with the fastest contact time of 2700 seconds. The resulting effluent placed TSS and detergent parameters below the quality standard threshold with TSS values ranging from 15-24 mg / l, while the detergent content was in the range of 14.828 - 42.37 mg / l.
The Development of River School as a Community Empowerment Facility at Tegaltirto, Berbah, Sleman Regency Ambar Teguh Sulistiyani; Budi Kamulyan; Muammar Yuliana; Kristi Yuliani; Susilowati Myrra Dewi
Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement) Vol 7, No 1 (2021): March
Publisher : Direktorat Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (785.568 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jpkm.42886

Abstract

river as one of the providers and buffers of life must always be preserved. The sustainability of the river ecosystem is necessary so that water availability can be maintained over time both in quantity and quality. Attention to community behavior is the main target to guarantee the conservation of river water. River pollutants are increasing in quantity due to both domestic and production activities. Community empowerment aspect should always be improved especially in taking care of maintenance and utilization sustainability of the river for human life in particular and ecosystem in general. Tegaltirto Village which is crossed by the Opak River is very important to be preserved especially in proper river management. Community service in the form of institutional development of river school is needed. The scheme is appropriate to educate, assist, and initiate a proper and sustainable community empowerment forum. The research methods in the empowerment of a river school institution are focused on the participatory empowerment aspect. Data collection was done through interviews, documentation, and focus group discussions. The knowledge and skills of the river school institution are transferred through training and an intensive facilitation program. The preparation of the followup plan was done through assistance by UGM Team. This was to realize the organizational structure that was responsible for the management and utilization of river resources. The implementation of a river school institution in Tegaltirto Village cannot be separated from the community participation and the observer of river conservation in the spirit of building the village. Conservation and sustainability of water and river utilization become the implementation motivation for the river school activity in Tegaltirto village. 
Domestic Water Distribution Planning from Springs in Jatimulyo Village, Girimulyo District, Kulon Progo Adam Pamudji Rahardjo; Budi Kamulyan; Radianta Triatmaja; Sunjoto Sunjoto; Dyah Dhani M.; Anzhari Syahmi; Raelly Harza W.; Nurul Purnama Sari
Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement) Vol 8, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Direktorat Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (931.725 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jpkm.61885

Abstract

During the dry season, most of the springs in Jatimulyo Village deliver less water. This condition causes difficulties for people in the area. Only two springs supply sufficient water for distribution. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the water distribution from the two springs, Mudal and Sumitro. This study aims to provide an alternative technical plan for the distribution of domestic water and to provide recommendations in the distribution and regulation of the use of water from the Mudal and Sumitro springs to the local authority and community in Jatimulyo Village. The distribution system relies on gravity so that it does not require any pump. This study has conducted using the hydraulic equation for water flow through a pipe to analyze the design water discharge required for each reservoir. For water distribution planning, counting the number of houses that will be served was conducted using Google Earth imagery. The results of this study indicate that from the Mudal spring, water distribution pipelines can cover 282 houses, with a total required water discharge of 1,632 liters/second. For the Sumitro spring, the first alternative scheme can serve 161 houses and requires 0.932 liters/second water discharge. As for the second alternative, it is estimated to be able to serve 138 houses with a total required water discharge of 0.799 liters/second. It is necessary to measure all spring discharge every month. It will help determining the fluctuation of the discharge of each spring. 
PENENTUAN STATUS MUTU AIR WADUK SERMO DENGAN METODE STORET DAN INDEKS PENCEMARAN Lussya Setya Dewi; Intan Supraba; Budi Kamulyan
Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 12 No. 1 (2020): SAINS & TEKNOLOGI LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Teknik Lingkungan Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/jstl.vol12.iss1.art2

Abstract

Waduk Sermo dimanfaatkan sebagai air baku air minum oleh PDAM Tirta Binangun. Untuk memenuhi syarat sebagai air baku air minum, kualitas air Waduk Sermo harus memenuhi persyaratan yang tertulis dalam Peraturan Gubernur DIY nomor 20 tahun 2008 tentang Baku Mutu Air di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian yang pernah dilakukan menyatakan bahwa budidaya ikan dengan keramba jaring apung menyebabkan pencemaran ringan di Waduk Sermo. Penelitian lain yang pernah dilakukan menyatakan bahwa status mutu air Waduk Sermo pada tahun 2010, 2011, dan 2012 yang dihitung dengan metode Indeks Pencemaran (IP) adalah tercemar ringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status mutu air Waduk Sermo setelah keramba jaring apung dilarang beroperasi di Waduk Sermo berdasarkan beberapa parameter kualitas air Waduk Sermo yang dibandingkan dengan Peraturan Gubernur DIY nomor 20 tahun 2008. Penentuan status mutu air menggunakan metode STORET dan Indeks Pencemaran (IP). Kedua metode ini menggunakan prinsip perbandingan antara data kualitas air di lapangan dengan baku mutu air sesuai peruntukannya. Data kualitas air sebagai input kedua metode tersebut diperoleh dengan cara sampling dan uji laboratorium. Parameter kualitas air yang digunakan adalah TDS, pH, temperatur, fosfat, kekeruhan, nitrit, nitrat, NH3-N, dan DO. Dari hasil perhitungan dengan metode STORET diketahui bahwa Waduk Sermo memiliki status mutu air tercemar sedang sedangkan hasil perhitungan dengan metode Indeks Pencemaran (IP) diketahui bahwa Waduk Sermo masih memiliki status mutu air tercemar ringan. Hal ini menandakan bahwa masih terdapat sumber pencemaran lain selain keramba jaring apung. Kata kunci: indeks pencemaran, status mutu air, STORET
Analysis of The Impact of Traffic and Pedestrianization Environment in Malioboro Ahmad Munawar; Budi Kamulyan
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 7 No. 2 (May 2021)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UGM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.61444

Abstract

The phenomenon of the increasing number of Malioboro tourists is known to be raising traffic problems in the area, annually. These problems ranges from congestion and increased vehicle exhaust emissions, to increasing side friction. This has placed pressure on the Yogyakarta city government, as they have been tasked to plan and improve traffic management, through the transformation of Malioboro into a pedestrianized area. Moreover, pedestrianization in urban centres has been widely practiced in big cities of various countries. This application also has an impact on the significant changes in traffic flow on roads, around the area. This study simulated a traffic flow scenario on roads around Malioboro, via the use of a VISSIM software, in order to determine the saturation level of the movement, as well as the resulting emissions. The collection of generation and attraction data were carried out through household interview or traffic surveys, around the research area. However, the data used were obtained from the traffic survey results. The VISSIM is known to be a Microscopic flow simulation software, which is often used for traffic models. In this simulation, the existing condition, i.e, the Malioboro road that was still opened for motorized vehicles, was compared with the area's scenario (closed from motorized vehicle), as well as several gyratory alternatives on the surrounding. In order to determine the emission data released due to transportation activities, a node was placed at several simulated intersections. Also, three alternatives were observed to have been compared, with recommendations stating that those having less traffic impacts should be used.
BIOREMEDIATION OF TOFU INDUSTRY LIQUID WASTE USING EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM-4 (EM4) SOLUTION (CASE STUDY OF TOFU SENTOSA INDUSTRY, YOGYAKARTA) Septina AVIA Avia; Budi Kamulyan; Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman Yuliansyah
ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering Vol 6, No 1 (2022): ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering
Publisher : Master in Systems Engineering

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajse.v6i1.75615

Abstract

Liquid waste produced from the tofu industry contains high contaminants such as BOD, COD, TDS, pH, and TSS, which can pollute the environment. Therefore, pollutants should be decreased before being discharged into the environment. Tofu waste treatment is constrained by adequate technology and high costs. Biological treatment is one of the best treatments, a waste treatment process by utilizing microorganisms. This research used the intermittent anaerobic-aerobic process and was conducted on a laboratory scale using a tank made of glass 25 cm long, 20 cm wide, 15 cm high, and a tank of 30 cm long and 15 cm wide 15 cm high. The treatment process in this research used samples adding EM4 solution with a concentration of 1/20 and samples without EM4. The stages of the research were carried out consisting of preliminary research, core research, and further research. Preliminary research used 1/20 (5%) concentration of EM4 and was fermented for four days at room temperature. As a result, the pH value decreased from 6 to 4, and the presence of a white layer above the surface. The average pollutant reduction efficiency value in the sample with Effective Microorganism-4 (EM4) and without the Effective Microorganism-4 (EM4) was tested at different duration times for each parameter. The efficiency reduction value of the sample with EM4 of BOD was 87.14%, COD 74.68%, TSS 15.88%, and TDS -17.91%, while in the sample without EM4 of BOD value was 76.54%, COD 67.78%, TSS 22.77%, TDS -16.78% with a time process of 41st day.