Rabia Alghazeer
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tripoli

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Producing Active Secondary Metabolite Against Pathogenic Vibrio spp. by Actinobacteria-Sodium Alginate Co-Culture Nuril Azhar; Ervia Yudiati; Subagiyo Subagiyo; Rabia Alghazeer
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 26, No 4 (2021): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.26.4.254-264

Abstract

Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi have been found in aquatic environments and suspected as the primary trigger of WFD (White Feces Disease) outbreaks in aquaculture. This Vibrio spp. has an antibiotic resistance to Ampicillin, Co-Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Actinobacteria and Ciprofloxacin HCL. Actinobacteria and alginate have been reported to increase the marine biota resistance against diseases through prebiotic and probiotic mechanisms. This study aims to discover and increase the secondary metabolite production of Actinobacteria-Alginate and its ability as anti-vibrio. Alginate extraction in the samples dated September 2020 originally from Teluk Awur Bays, Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia (33.73±1.84%) was considerably higher than in May 2021 (22.67±0.3%). Samples were taken from sediment and mangrove root. Actinobacteria strains are macroscopically and microscopically similar to the genus Streptomyces. The most well-known antibiotics were produced by Streptomyces spp. The anti-vibrio test was carried out by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion. The results were observed by measuring the inhibition zone surrounding the paper disc using a digital calliper. Co-culture strain 90 together with alginate have an approved antibacterial activity against all Vibrio spp. in the concentration of 10.disc-1 mg and 5 mg.disc-1. Co-culture Actinobacteria with alginate has remarkably changed the green-yellow color to olive green/dark red-orange (strains 3, 62, 63, 72, and 90), indicating the transformation of the formation alginate with pigments into other compounds through the biosynthetic pathway. Therefore, alginate enables to support of Actinobacteria by induction the active secondary metabolite as an anti-vibrio to counteract the bacterial pathogen diseases.
Oral Administration of Alginate Oligosaccharide from Padina sp. Enhances Tolerance of Oxygen Exposure Stress in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Ervia Yudiati; Rustadi Rustadi; Fanny Iriany Ginzel; Jelita Rahma Hidayati; Mila Safitri Rizfa; Nuril Azhar; Muhammad Salauddin Ramadhan Djarod; Eny Heriyati; Rabia Alghazeer
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 25, No 1 (2020): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (551.591 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.25.1.7-14

Abstract

Alginate is rich in bioactive compounds and has been known to act as a stimulator on the innate immune system. The objective of this study is to determine polysaccharide and oligosaccharide alginate yield, that percentage inhibition with a different type of extraction, to evaluate growth performance as well as immune response by oxygen stress tolerance. Thermal heating with oven laboratory at 140oC for 4.5 hr was done to breakdown the polysaccharide into oligosaccharide. The extraction was conducted by maceration, filtration, precipitation, and centrifugation. Factorial design with two factors was implemented to 260 Zebrafish and reared in thirteen aquariums (20 fish per aquarium) for 12 days. Zebrafish was fed at different dose (4.0g; 6.0g; 8.0g.kg-1) and different type of extraction [noEDTA/noKCl; KCl; EDTA and (EDTAandKCl)]. The evaluation of radical scavenging activity was done spectrophotometrically at 515 nm. Results showed that the highest alginate yield either polysaccharide or oligosaccharide was gained from KCL treatments, percentage inhibition (82.61%), growth performance as well as tolerance of stress (P<0.05). The best growth performance was reached in oligosaccharide supplementation at 6.0g.kg-1 treatment. It can be concluded that alginate oliogosaccharide produced by thermal heating enhanced the antioxidant activity, boost the fish’s immune system, proofed by better growth performance and more tolerant to the low oxygen stress.
Sensitivity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. harveyi Against Chloroxylenol (4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol , C8H9ClO) Antiseptic and Pine Oil Disinfectant Subagiyo Subagiyo; Ervia Yudiati; Nuril Azhar; Rabia Alghazeer
Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Vol 23, No 3 (2020): JURNAL KELAUTAN TROPIS
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkt.v23i3.9126

Abstract

Vibrio spp. genus is known as a marine indigeneous bacteria. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and  V. harveyi are pathogenic Vibrio. This study aims to assess the sensitivity of three Vibrio species (V parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. harveyi) isolated from shrimp pond against two type of disinfectant with different active compound namely Chloroxylenol (4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, C8H9ClO) and pine oil. The assessment was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion methods in Zobell agar media with two different concentration (10 and 100 ppm) and replicated in three times. Sensitivity of Vibrio spp. was analized based on the inhibition zone activity produced by disinfectant. Results showed that sensitivity of Vibrio spp. against disinfectant Chloroxylenol 4.8% at 100 ppm were higher than 10 ppm. The increment of V parahaemolyticus was 182 %, V. vulnificus was 47 % and V. harveyi was 43 %, respectively.  Susceptibility of antiseptic with Chloroxylenol 4.8% at 100 ppm was arised to 152 % (V. parahaemolyticus), 43 % (V. vulnificus) and 31 % (V. harveyi) when compared to 2.5% pine oil disinfectant. It can be concluded that Chloroxylenol  4,8 % active compound and pine oil were able to inhibit the Vibrio spp. growth. 
Light Intensity Promote Pigment Contents, Biomass Production, Total Lipid and Specific Fatty Acid Profile on Nannochloropsis sp. Culture Ervia Yudiati; Alifia Nabilla Putri; Akbar Harahap; Nuril Azhar; Chrisna Adi Suryono; Danang Ambar Prabowo; Rabia Alghazeer
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 27, No 2 (2022): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.27.2.101-110

Abstract

Nannochloropsis sp is marine microalga and widely cultured for its benefits. Pigments, lipid, and fatty acid compounds of Nannochloropsis sp are essential elements in the industry. This research aimed to determine the best light intensity on the growth rate, cell density and size, biomass, pigments (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids), total lipid and fatty acid profile. Nannochloropsis sp. culture was carried out with three light intensity treatments (100, 155, and 180 μmol), with two replications. Periodicity was set up (16:8) with the ratio of dark (8h) to light (16h). The highest cell density and total pigment content of 180 μmol were significantly different (p<0.05) with 155 and 100 μmol. The highest weight of chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids were found from the intensity of 180 treatment (p < 0.05), followed by 155 and 100 μmol as the smallest one. The bigger cell size was reached from 180 and 155 treatments compared to 100 μmol treatment. The higher wet weight was gained from 155 (564 grams) and followed by 180 μmol (549 grams). The 100 μmol light intensity produced the lowest wet weight (490 gr) (p<0.05). The highest total lipid content was obtained from 155 μmol treatment (0.14 g ww). The microalgae contain SFA/Saturated Fatty Acids (Palmitic, Stearic Acid) and UFA/Unsaturated Fatty Acid (Oleic Acid). The microalgae from 180 μmol produced Eicosanoic acid (Omega-6). The production of certain compounds has differed in light intensity. In the future, the light intensity can be adapted as the alternative solution for producing microalgae for industrial approach, whether for pigments or biodiesel production.
Chloroform Fraction from Methanol Extract of Starfish Acanthaster planci Stimulates Catfish (Clarias sp.) Macrophage Immunomodulatory Activity Janib Achmad; Ervia Yudiati; Nuril Azhar; Rabia Alghazeer
Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Vol 26, No 1 (2023): JURNAL KELAUTAN TROPIS
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkt.v26i1.16481

Abstract

Catfish (Clarias sp.) is Indonesia's most important and popular freshwater commodity, widely cultured and intensively grown. This study is aimed to find out the effects of the chloroform fraction from a methanol extract of Acanthaster planci on non-specific immunity in Clarias sp. Thin Layer Chromatography analysis of the methanol extract's chloroform fraction yielded three fractions: FrKl3.1, FrKl3.2, and FrKl3.3. The FrKl3.3 fraction of Acanthaster planci had a significant influence on Phagocytic Activity at doses of 0.1 (54.09 ± 8.99 %), 0.3 (48.16 ± 3.34 %), 0.5 (50.39 ± 5.71 %), and 0.7 mg/kg Body Weight (46.58 ± 0.37 %). At 0.5 mg/kg Body Weight (4.03 ± 1.40 %), the Phagocytic Index of FrKl3.2 was significantly higher than the control. At 0.5 mg/kg Body Weight (38.22 ±1.43 cell 106/ml) and 0.7 mg/kg BW (40.41 ± 1.92 cell 106/ml), the number of leukocytes/white blood cells was significantly higher than the control. Nitroblue Tetrazolium and Total Plasma Protein were not significantly different from the control. Based on the results,  the FrKl3.3 was leading on phagocytic capacity and number of leukocytes 
Supplementation of Carrageenan (Kappaphycus alvarezii) for Shrimp Diet to Improve Immune Response and Gene Expression of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Ichoun Brawici Dhewang; Ervia Yudiati; Subagiyo Subagiyo; Rabia Alghazeer
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 28, No 2 (2023): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.28.2.161-172

Abstract

White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the leading commodities in aquaculture. In recent years, the shrimp farming industry worldwide has suffered heavy losses due to disease. Increasing the immune system in shrimp using immunostimulants that are more environmentally friendly such as carrageenan from Kappaphycus alvarezii, seems promising. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in immune response and gene expression in White shrimp after carrageenan supplementary diet treatment. This research was using a laboratory-scale experimental method with a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which was analyzed using One Way ANOVA. The treatments were negative control (without carrageenan addition), 5 g.kg-1, 10 g.kg-1, 15 g.kg-1, and 20 g.kg-1 carrageenan supplemented feed. All treatments were replicated three times. 180 L. vannamei with average weight of 6.5±0.66 g is used for research object Total Haemocyte count (THC), Phenoloxidase (PO), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity, and Phagocytic activity/Index (PA/PI) were examined after feeding the White shrimp with diets supplemented with carrageenan in time series sampling. Immune-related gene expression (Lipopolisaccharide Glucan Binding Protein/ LGBP, Pro Pehnol Oxidase/ ProPO, and Lectin Type C/ Lectin) was evaluated by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) at the end of experiment. Results indicated that the immune parameters directly increased according to the doses of carrageenan and time. The 20 g.kg-1 carrageenan treatments gave better results. three immune-related genes expression i.e LGBP, Lectin, and proPO were upregulated.  Therefore, carrageenan supplementation of shrimp feed can improve innate immunity as well as the expression of immune-related genes.
Carrageenan Extraction of Kappaphycus alvarezii Seaweed from Nusa Lembongan Waters Using Different Alkaline Treatments Ichoun Brawici Dhewang; Ervia Yudiati; Subagiyo Subagiyo; Rabia Alghazeer
Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Vol 26, No 2 (2023): JURNAL KELAUTAN TROPIS
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkt.v26i2.17389

Abstract

Kappaphycus alvarezii is a carrageenan-producing red seaweed that is widely cultivated in Nusa Lembongan waters, Bali, Indonesia. Carrageenan is generally extracted using an alkaline base,. iIn this study three different types of alkali were used to extract carrageenan originating from Nusa Lembongan Waters. This study aims to determine the quality of the extraction. The three alkalis used were KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, and distilled water as a control. The 20 g dried seaweed was weighed, washed with the tap running water, and immersed in 0.15% alkaline solution (KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2) as well as distilled water for 24 hrs. Followed by rinsing with running water until pH was neutral. The solution was soaked and heated at 100ºC for 2 hours with a ratio of seaweed and water 1 kg in 20 L, and filtered. The extract was mixed with 1.25% KCI. The carrageenan precipitate was put in the oven at 60-80ºC until dry for 48 hours. The yield test results showed that the use of alkaline Ca(OH)2 resulted in a yield of 29.28% better than alkaline KOH (28.18%) and NaOH (27.7%). Based on the analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), extraction using alkaline Ca(OH)2 showed functional groups characteristic of iota-carrageenan, whereas using alkaline KOH and NaOH showed functional groups characteristic of kappa-carrageenan.
Artemia with Synbiotics Enrichment Improves Resistance Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus AHPND of Litopenaeus vannamei Larvae Ervia Yudiati; Zaenal Arifin; Adi Santoso; Jelita Rahma Hidayati; Rabia Alghazeer; Nuril Azhar
Buletin Oseanografi Marina Vol 12, No 3 (2023): Buletin Oseanografi Marina
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/buloma.v12i3.52523

Abstract

Shrimp, a high-protein food commodity, is one of the world's fastest-growing food-producing sectors. The present research aimed to find out the survival and growth of Litopenaues vannamei Post Larva (PL) and the resistance against VpAHND and stress salinity. 1500 PL were reared to two sets of experiments at the density of 50 PL. L-1. The first set is purposed to determine the PL growth, resistance to Vibrio paramaemolyticus AHPND challenge and stress salinity. The second set is purposed to determine the survival rate. A Completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications was conducted. The treatments are Artemia enrichment with different Alginate doses and probiotics (400, 600, 800 ppm Alg+pro), probiotics (Pro), and control without any synbiotics addition. PL was reared in 14 days. The survival rate, and weight gain were calculated. At the end of the experiment, 10 PL was challenged against VpAHPND at 1 x 107 CFU mL-1by immersion methods. Twenty PL was exposed to stress salinity and shocked from 25 ppt to 0 ppt. The best survival rate ((78±2%), and tolerance to osmotic stress was reached at PL fed on a combination of alginate and FNCC-002 Lactobacillus bulgaricus probiotics (p<0.05). PL fed on Artemia enriched probiotics reached the highest resistance to severe VpAHNPD. The weight gain among treatments is similar. It can be concluded that synbiotics of alginate as prebiotics and FNCC-004 probiotics work synergically and this might be interrelated with immune response.