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Distribution and Abundance of Fish Larvae in South of Alas Strait, West Nusa Tenggara Irwan Jatmiko; Fathur Rochman; Gussasta Levi Arnenda
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 23, No 2 (2018): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

The early life of fish larvae is important to understand the entire life history of the fish. At this phase, larvae movement is very weak and dependent on the movement of water currents. This study aims to determine the distribution and abundance of fish larvae in the waters south of the Port of Tanjung Luar, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Sampling of fish larvae were done at five stations at waters around Alas Strait and Indian Ocean south of East Lombok. Sampled were collected from 5 different depth: 0-200 m, 201-1000 m, 1001-2000 m, 2001-3000 m and >3000 m. A total of 122 fish larvae were collected which belong to 26 families and varied compositions among observation stations. The samples was dominated by Scombridae family (18 %), followed by Carrangidae and Blenniidae (13.1% and 6.6%, respectively). The highest abundance was occurred in station V (0-200 m) of 125 individuals.1000-1m3. It showed that inshore/shallow waters have more abundance than offshore/deep waters. The findings from this study can be basic information for the authorities to establish sustainable fisheries policy. Keywords: fish, larvae movement, sustainable fishery, early life.

FISHING GROUND, CACTH COMPOSITION, HOOK RATE AND LENGTH DISTRIBUTION OF BILLFISHES CAUGHT BY TUNA LONG LINE IN INDIAN OCEAN Fathur Rochman; Abram Barata; Budi Nugraha
Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal Vol 19, No 2 (2013): (December 2013)
Publisher : Research Center for Fisheries

Billfishes area by cacth of tuna long line vessels in Indian Ocean. Billfish are consist of swordfish Xiphias gladius, black marlin Makaira indica, indo facific blue marlin Makaira mazara, stripe marlin Tetrapturus audax, indo facific sailfish Istiophorus platypterus and shortbill spearfish Tetrapturus angustirostris. Besides that, billfishes also have important economic value compared with tuna as an exsported species such as swordfish and marlin. To optimize the catch of billfishes in Indian Ocean, data and information of potential fishing ground, size and catch composition of this species are needed. The billfishes cacth composition collected in 2011 were dominated by 45% swordfish, 20% black marlin, 19% blue marlin,9% short bill spearfish, 6% sailfish and 1%stripe marlin. The billfishes size range which were caught between 60 - 280 cm LJFL (Lower Jaw Fork Length). The sword fish average length was 150 cm, blue marlin 197 cm, black Marlin 189 cm, sailfish 150cm ,short bill spearfish 144 cm and stripe marlin159 cm. From this observation, it was found that most of billfishes caught were in mature.

CHARACTERISTIC OF SMALL SCALE TUNA FISHERIES ASSOCIATED WITH FADs IN LABUHAN LOMBOK, WEST NUSA TENGGARA-INDONESIA Fathur Rochman; Irwan Jatmiko; Zulkarnaen Fahmi
Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal Vol 25, No 1 (2019): (June) 2019
Publisher : Research Center for Fisheries

Fish aggregating devices, or FADs are used extensively in developing countries to attract and to collect pelagic fish and give positive impacts on fish production. Use of FADs has started in early 20th century with different names among the countries and regions. This study investigated the design, deployment, distribution, density and the number of FADs used by small scale tuna fisherman in Labuhan Lombok, including characteristics of fishing boat, fishing gear, catch composition, catch per unit of effort (CPUE), fish diversity and species richness. There were 65 FADs identified in this study and 47 of them were in normal distribution. Type of the FADs used was anchored FADs, spreading between 56.63 to 267.70 NM from Labuhan Lombok fishing port. The placement of FADs were arranged in such a way as to resemble a fence, in which the distance from one to another was close. It is expected to disrupt tuna movement towards the strait in the small islands around West Nusa Tenggara. The dimensional size of vessels used to catch fish was small boat (< 7 GT) with handline as fishing gears. Fish catches were dominated by skipjack (40.30%) followed by yellowfin tuna (30.90%), tuna juvenile (13.44%), frigate tuna (4.19%), albacore (3.41%), bigeye tuna (2.71%) and others (5.03%). The highest nominal CPUE occurred in January and February, accounted for 278 kg and 285 kg per day at sea respectively. The average diversity of fish and species richness in FADs area were 1.07674 and 1.3573 correspondingly. Overall results inform that diversity of fish, productivity and ecosystem were at sufficient condition and mid ecological pressure but species richness was in low condition. If this continues, it is possible that tuna diversity will decrease and endanger the survival of tuna species and others species related to the tuna.

DINAMIKA PERUBAHAN METODE PENANGKAPAN RAWAI TUNA DI SAMUDERA HINDIA Irwan Jatmiko; Fathur Rochman; Arief Wujdi
Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia Vol 22, No 3 (2016): (September) 2016
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, BRSDM KP.

Rawai tuna merupakan salah satu alat tangkap penting bagi industri perikanan di Indonesia. Target utama alat tangkap ini adalah ikan tuna yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis penting seperti tuna mata besar dan madidihang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kapal dan perubahan metode penangkapan rawai tuna di Indonesia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan oleh pemantau ilmiah (observer) pada kapal rawai tuna yang berbasis di Pelabuhan Benoa Bali, mulai Agustus 2005 hingga November 2014. Pemantau ilmiah mencatat data dan informasi meliputi: panjang tali cabang (PTC), panjang tali pelampung (PTP), panjang antar tali cabang (PATC), jumlah pancing antar pelampung (JPAP), jumlah mata pancing, lama waktu tebar pancing dan lama waktu perendaman. AnalisisAnova satu arah dan tes Tukey dilakukan untuk mengetahui perubahan karakteristik armada rawai tuna selama beberapa tahun. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terjadi perubahan karakteristik operasi rawai tuna selama beberapa tahun (p<0,05). Jarak antar tali cabang dan panjang tali pelampung berfluktuasi dengan menunjukkan pola yang acak. Jumlah mata pancing dan lama waktu tebar pancing juga berfluktuasi namun cenderung menurun jumlah dan durasinya. Selanjutnya, jumlah pancing antar pelampung juga memiliki kecendurungan lebih sedikit dalam kurun waktu beberapa tahun. Panjang tali cabang dan lama waktu perendaman menunjukkan peningkatan dalam panjang dan durasinya Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran yang lebih lengkap terhadap perubahan karakteristik kapal rawai tuna Indonesia di Samudra Hindia. Tuna longline is one of the important fishing gears for the fisheries industry in Indonesia. The target species of this type of gear are a group of economically important tuna that have higher economic values such as bigeye tuna and yellowfin tuna. This study aims to investigate the fleet characteristics and the modification of fishing method of tuna longline in Indonesia. Data collection was conducted by scientific observers on tuna longline fishing vessels, mainly based in the port of Benoa Bali, from August 2005 to November 2014. The scientific observers record the information that will be tested were: length of branch line (LBL), length of float line (LFL), length between branch line (LBBL), number of hooks between floats (NHBF), number of hooks, length of set time and length of soak time. Analysis of one-way Anova and Tukey tests conducted to determine the changing characteristics of tuna longline fleets in several years. The analysis showed that changes in the characteristics of longline tuna operations for several years (p <0.05) were likely occurred. Length between branch line and length of float line were fluctuated with random pattern. Number of hooks and length of set time also fluctuated but tended to decrease in number and duration. Furthermore, number of hooks between floats also tends to decrease in recent years. Length of branch line and length of soak time showed an increase in the length and duration. The results of this study are expected to provide a more complete picture of the presence of changes in the characteristics of the Indonesian tuna longline fleets.

VARIASI GENETIK MADIDIHANG (Thunnus albacares; Bonnaterre, 1788) DENGAN ANALISIS MIKROSATELIT DI PERAIRAN INDONESIA Irwan Jatmiko; Fathur Rochman; Maya Agustina
Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia Vol 24, No 3 (2018): (September) 2018
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, BRSDM KP.

Madidihang (Thunnus albacares) merupakan spesies yang bermigrasi jauh yang distribusinya di perairan tropis hingga perairan subtropis. Spesies ini ditemukan di Samudra Atlantik, Hindia dan Pasifik. Informasi genetik ikan dengan migrasi jauh seperti tuna penting diketahui untuk kepentingan pemanfaatan secara lestari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi keragaman genetik dan struktur populasi yang dieksploitasi dan kekerabatan populasi madidihang di perairan Indonesia. Pengumpulan sampel genetik dilakukan di tiga lokasi yaitu di Barat Sumatra, Selatan Bali dan perairan Sulawesi Utara. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis mikrosatelit yang terdiri dari ekstraksi, purifikasi, amplifikasi polymerase chain reaction (PCR) dan elektroforesis. Hasil analisis terhadap 3 loci DNA mikrosatelit menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kekerabatan ketiga kelompok sampel relatif dekat yaitu berkisar antara 0,132-0,206. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Populasi madidihang di perairan Indonesia merupakan stok tunggal dan terjadi perkawinan acak. Meskipun demikian, sebagai spesies yang bermigrasi jauh lintas negara, pengelolaan madidihang juga memerlukan kerjasama yang baik antar negara yang tergabung dalam organisasi pengelolaan perikanan tuna regional.Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a highly migratory species that distribute from tropical to subtropical waters. This species can be found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Genetic information in fish with long distance migration such as tuna is very important for sustainable use. This study aims to obtain information on genetic diversity and population structure exploited and kinship of yellowfin tuna populations in Indonesian waters. Genetic sampling of yellowfin tuna was conducted in three locations in Indonesian waters in western Sumatra, southern Bali and North Sulawesi waters. The methods used was microsatellite analysis which consist of extraction, purification, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and electrophoresis. The result of 3 microsatellite DNA locus analysis showed that the level of kinship between the three sample groups in Indonesian waters was relatively close, ranging from 0.132 to 0.206. This shows that yellowfin tuna population in Indonesian waters is a single stock and random copulation. However, as a highly migratory species that migrate across the nations, yellowfin tuna management also requires good cooperation among countries incorporated in regional tuna fisheries management organizations.

PENGARUH LAMA WAKTU TEBAR PANCING DAN PERENDAMAN TERHADAP HASIL TANGKAPAN ALBAKORA (Thunnus alalunga Bonnaterre, 1788) DI SAMUDRA HINDIA BAGIAN TIMUR Irwan Jatmiko; Fathur Rochman; Zulkarnaen Fahmi
BAWAL Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap Vol 10, No 3 (2018): (Desember) 2018
Publisher : Pusat Riset Perikanan, BRSDM KP.

Albakora (Thunnus alalunga) merupakan salah satu hasil tangkapan ikan ekonomis penting bagi nelayan rawai tuna di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama waktu tebar pancing dan perendaman rawai tuna terhadap hasil tangkapan albakora. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini dilakukan oleh observer pada armada rawai tuna yang berfungsi di Samudra Hindia, dilakukan dari bulan Agustus 2005 hingga Agustus 2016. Lama waktu tebar pancing rawai tuna berkisar antara 2-9 jam dengan lama waktu perendaman 1-14 jam atau rata-rata 5 jam. Analisis sidik ragam satu arah menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang nyata pada lama waktu tebar pancing dan perendaman terhadap hasil tangkapan albakora (F9,1020=5,72; p<0,05). Uji Tukey menunjukkan bahwa lama waktu tebar pancing dan perendaman terbaik untuk menangkap albakora adalah masing-masing selama 4 & 5 jam dengan rata-rata laju tangkap sebesar 0,37/100 mata pancing. Nelayan armada rawai tuna disarankan untuk mengurangi lama waktu tebar pancing menjadi 4 jam dan tetap mempertahankan lama waktu perendaman 5 jam untuk memperoleh hasil tangkapan albokora secara maksimal.Albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) is one of the important economic catches for tuna longline fishermen in Indonesia. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of length of set and soak time of tuna longline vessels to the catch of albacore tuna. The research data was collected by scientific observer on the Indonesian tuna longline vessels and conducted from August 2005 to August 2016. In general, the length of set time on tuna longline vessels ranges from 2-9 hours with the length of soak time from 1-14 hours with average of 5 hours. One way Anova analysis showed that there was a significant difference on the length of set and soak time to the catch of albacore tuna (F9,1020=5,72; p<0,05). Tukey test showed that the best length of set and soak time to catch albacore tuna was 4 & 5 hours, respectively, with hook rates of 0.37/100 hooks. Fishermen of longline tuna vessels are suggested to reduce the length of set time into 4 hours and to maintain 5 hours of soak time to obtain maximum catch of albacore tuna.

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