Heru Kuswantoro
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kacang-kacangan dan Umbi-umbian, Jl. Raya Kendalpayak Km. 8 Malang Telp. (0341) 801468, 801075, Faks. (0341) 801496

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KARAKTERISTIK KEDELAI TOLERAN LAHAN KERING MASAM Kuswantoro, Heru; Arsyad, Darman M.; ., Purwantoro
Buletin Palawija No 25 (2013)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kacang-kacangan dan Umbi-umbian

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Banyaknya kendala yang membatasi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman seperti kemasaman tanah, keracunan unsur mikro dan kahat unsur makro mengakibatkan hasil biji di lahan kering masam tidak setinggi di lahan optimal. Oleh karena itu awal dari perakitan kedelai untuk lahan kering masam terutama diarahkan untuk perbaikan hasil biji. Secara genetik perbaikan hasil biji menghadapi kendala berupa rendahnya keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas yang tergolong sedang. Genotipe kedelai toleran lahan kering masam biasanya memiliki ukuran biji yang tergolong kecil. Di lain pihak, petani dan industri berbahan baku kedelai lebih senang menggunakan kedelai berbiji besar daripada kedelai berbiji kecil, sehingga selain perbaikan hasil biji juga diperlukan perbaikan ukuran biji. Kendala yang juga dihadapi dalam perbaikan ukuran biji adalah heritabilitas tergolong sedang, namun keragaman genetiknya tergolong luas. Kemajuan yang dicapai dalam perakitan varietas kedelai toleran lahan kering masam saat ini berpeluang untuk diperolehnya kedelai berdaya hasil tinggi dan berbiji lebih besar daripada varietas yang sudah dilepas
STRATEGI PEMBENTUKAN VARIETAS UNGGUL KEDELAI ADAPTIF LAHAN PASANG SURUT Kuswantoro, Heru
Buletin Palawija No 19 (2010)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kacang-kacangan dan Umbi-umbian

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Ekstensifikasi ke luar pulau Jawa merupakan salah satu cara dalam usaha peningkatan produksi kedelai di Indonesia, karena masih terdapat banyak lahan yang belum termanfaatkan secara optimal. Salah satu lahan tersebut adalah lahan pasang surut yang mencapai 20,192 juta hektar. Dalam pengembangan kedelai di wilayah ini, diperlukan suatu varietas adaptif lahan pasang surut karena habitat kedelai sebenarnya adalah di lahan yang bebas dari genangan air. Strategi pembentukan kedelai adaptif lahan pasang surut mengacu pada pemecahan masalah utama, yaitu genangan diikuti dengan pemecahan masalah lainnya seperti kemasaman tanah serta defisiensi unsur hara makro dan toksisitas unsur hara mikro. Oleh karena itu lingkungan seleksi memegang peranan utama dalam pembentukan varietas adaptif ini. Selain itu, kriteria seleksi juga sangat penting karena menentukan pemilihan galur-galur adaptif. Metode identifikasi juga penting karena menentukan mekanisme ketahanan yang dimiliki oleh genotipe terpilih, dan dapat dilakukan berdasarkan pada karakter fisiologis, morfologis, dan agronomis. Pada dasarnya arah pengembangan merupakan faktor utama strategi pembentukan varietas adaptif ditetapkan.
PEMULIAAN TANAMAN KEDELAI TOLERAN TERHADAP CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN ., Suhartina; Kuswantoro, Heru
Buletin Palawija No 21 (2011)
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kacang-kacangan dan Umbi-umbian

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Alih fungsi lahan pertanian produktif dan perubahan iklim global menyebabkan menurunnya produksi kedelai (Glycine max Merr.) di Indonesia. Perluasan areal tanam kedelai untuk mengatasi hal tersebut pada umumnya mengarah pada lahan-lahan suboptimal, di antaranya adalah lahan kering. Oleh karena itu, perakitan varietas unggul kedelai toleran kekeringan menjadi salah satu faktor penentu keberhasilan perluasan areal tanam di lahan tersebut. Dalam perakitan varietas kedelai toleran kekeringan, mekanisme toleransi kedelai terhadap cekaman kekeringan memegang peranan penting, karena berhubungan dengan karakter-karakter yang mendukung toleransi tersebut. Pada umumnya karakter yang berhubungan langsung dengan toleransi kekeringan adalah karakter fisiologi dan morfologi. Namun, dalam pemuliaan kedelai, hasil biji merupakan karakter yang paling penting. Dengan demikian, perakitan varietas unggul kedelai toleran kekeringan sebaiknya dilakukan dengan menggabungan karakter fisiologi, morfologi, dan agronomi; karena ketiga karakter tersebut pada umumnya tidak bertautan secara genetik. Dengan penggabungan ketiga karakter tersebut penurunan hasil akibat cekaman kekeringan dapat ditekan.
KARAKTERANATOMI GALUR-GALUR HARAPAN KEDELAI (Glycine max L. Merill) TAHAN Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus (CpMMV) Wijaya, Irwan; Zubaidah, Siti; Kuswantoro, Heru
Bioedukasi Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Vol 7, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH METRO

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Soybean  is a staple commodities agricultural in Indonesia, but the production of soybean in Indonesia is still low due to the attacks of disease caused by infection of CpMMV. This research was conducted to study anatomical characteristics of the 10 soybean  linesto CpMMV and two superior varieties.The research was conducted atJambegede Research Station, Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute, Malang andlaboratory of genetics, State University of Malang  to observe the anatomy of leaf include the length, width, and number of stomata and the length and number of trikoma.The test was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results of the analysis showed significance > α (0.05) on each character, this indicates there is no difference in the character of both stomata and trikoma on 10 soybeanslines to CpMMVand two varieties superior.Kata kunci: Anatomi, kedelai, CpMMV
KERAGAAN CIRI KUANTITATIF MORFOLOGI GALUR-GALUR HARAPAN KEDELAI (Glycine max L. Merill) TAHAN CpMMV (Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus) Setiawan, Tri Andri; Zubaidah, Siti; Kuswantoro, Heru
Bioedukasi Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Vol 7, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH METRO

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Morphology is performance of a genotype that is influenced by environmental and genetic interaction. This research was to study the quantitatively morphological characters of ten CpMMV-resistant soybean promising lines, i.e. UM.4-1, UM.7-2, UM.2-4, UM.7-6, UM.6-2, UM.6-3, UM.3-2, UM.6-1, UM.7-3, UM.3-4 and two superior varieties Gumitir and Wilis. The study was conducted at Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI) from March to June 2015. The observation was done by measuring the quantitative morphological characters such as leaf length, leaf width, leaf petiol length, leaf area, leaf ratio (P/L) and plant height. The data were tested using multivariate analysis. The results of the analysis showed that there were differences on morphological characters of CpMMV-resistant soybean promising lines as well as superior varieties Gumitir and Wilis based on the leaf length, leaf width, leaf petiol length, leaf area, leaf ratio (P/L) and plant height. Hotellings Trace (0.00) was smaller than the significance value (0.05) showing the differences among the groups.Kata Kunci: kedelai, CpMMV, karakter morfologi kuantitatif
Genetic Variability, Heritability, and Correlation of Some Agronomical Characters of Soybean Varieties Kuswantoro, Heru; Artari, Rina; Rahajeng, Wiwit; Ginting, Erliana; Supeno, Agus
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.11014

Abstract

Genetic diversity and inheritance of the traits determine the success of the breeding program. Analysis of genetic variability and heritability assist breeders to decide a strategy and appropriate selection criteria that will be used to repair the desired character. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about genetic diversity, heritability and correlation of nine agronomic characters of soybean varieties. The materials were 16 soybean varieties that arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that days to flowering, number of branches per plant, number of reproductive nodes, number of unfilled pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and grain yield revealed broad CVG (Genetic Coeffiecient of Variance), whereas the days to maturity, plant height, number of pods per plant had a narrow CVG. CVP (Phenotypic Coeffiecient of Variance) value higher than the value of CVG on all the observed characters with a slight difference, except for grain yield. The broad sense heritability varied from low (seed yield), medium (the number of branches, number of reproductive nodes, number of pods and the number of unfilled pods), and high (days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, and weight of 100 seeds). Characters of days to flowering and weight of 100 seeds are effectively used as selection criteria because they had a broad CVG and high heritability. Correlation of all yield components to the seed yield was not significant, and negatively correlated to weight of 100 seeds. Variety with higher plant height tended to have a higher number of branches, reproductive nodes and filled pod per plant.
Resistance of Advanced Soybean Lines to Pod Borrer (Etiella zinckenella) Kuswantoro, Heru; Bayu, Marida S. Y. I.; Baliadi, Yuliantoro; Tengkano, Wedanimbi
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 2 (2017): August 2017
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i2.7895

Abstract

The increasing and stabilizing of soybean product in Indonesia face many limitations. One of the limiting factors is pod borrer (Etiella zinckenella Treitschke) infestation that is able to cause yield loss up to 80%. Objective of the research was to find out some advanced soybean lines that resistant to pod borrer. Design was randomized complete block with three replications. Soybean lines were grown gradualy to ensure the simultanously flowering. The plants were caged at 35 days after planting (DAT) and infested with the imago of E. zinckenella at 56 DAT. Results showed that different soybean lines affected imago population, eggs population, larvae population, infected pods and infected seeds. Some genotypes were consistantly resistant to E. zinckenella. The resistance of those genotypes were non preference resistance based on eggs population, larvae population, infected pod and infected seeds. This study discovered nine soybean lines that is resistant to E. zinckenella, so that it can be beneficial for improving soybean resistance to this pest through releasing as a new resistant pod borer variety after tested further in potential yield and genetic x environment interaction trials. In addition, there were three varieties and two germplasm accessions that can be used as gene sources for improving the resistance of the varieties. The three varieties are able to be cultivated directly in field to decrease the E. zinckenella occurrence.
Modul Identifikasi Aksi Gen F2 Tanaman Kedelai Berbasis Discovery Learning untuk Siswa SMK Miftahussa?adiah, Miftahussa?adiah; Zubaidah, Siti; Kuswantoro, Heru
Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan Vol 5, No 5: MEI 2020
Publisher : Graduate School of Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/jptpp.v5i5.13547

Abstract

Abstract: Module is an appropriate teaching materials and it is systematically designed according to a curriculum that can make students learn independently. The purpose of this research is to produce an identification module of F2 gene action on soybean plants based on discovery learning with stages (stimulation, problem statements, data collecting, data processing, and generalization). The research did on April 2019 in grade X of SMK 2 Batu. The development model used to produce the product is ADDIE. Data used in this research are quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative data are the results from the assessment given by the validator. The qualitative data are the criticisms, input and suggestions provided by media experts, material experts, and field practitioners validators. The result of the validation is an identification module for F2 gene action on soybean plants based on discovery learning that are attractive and good to use and disseminate. Abstrak: Modul merupakan bahan ajar atau media pembelajaran dirancang dengan sistematis sesuai dengan kurikulum yang dapat membuat siswa belajar secara mandiri. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian pengembangan ini untuk menghasilkan modul identifikasi aksi gen F2 tanaman kedelai berbasis discovery learning dengan tahap (stimulation, problem statement, data collecting, data processing, dan generalization). Penelitian dilakukan di kelas X SMK 2 Batu pada bulan April 2019. Model pengembangan ADDIE adalah model yang digunakan dalam menghasilkan produk. Data pada penelitian ini yaitu kuantitatif berupa hasil penilaian yang diberikan oleh validator. Adapun data kualitatif berupa kritik, masukan dan saran yang diberikan oleh validator ahli media, materi, dan praktisi lapangan. Hasil validasi tersebut yaitu modul genetika berbasis discovery learning yang menarik dan baik untuk digunakan dan disebarkan.
Pengembangan Modul Berbasis Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Berdasarkan Hasil Penelitian Analisis Cluster Persilangan Kedelai Tahan CpMMV Badiaraja, Panji Handoko; Zubaidah, Siti; Kuswantoro, Heru
Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan Vol 6, No 5: MEI 2021
Publisher : Graduate School of Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/jptpp.v6i5.14606

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to develop a PBL-based module that is valid, practical and effective, based on the results of the CpMMV resistant soybean hybridization cluster analysis research. Modules are developed using the ASIE instructional design model. Data was collected using validation questionnaire, critical thinking essay questions, and student responses questionnaire. Data analysis using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques and N-gain score. The results showed that the average percentage of  module validity was 93% with highly valid criteria. The practicality of the module shows a percentage of 78% with rather practical criteria. The module's effectiveness in increasing critical thinking skills is rather effective with an average percentage of 56.40% and N-gain value of 0.56 with the medium category.Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan modul berbasis PBL yang layak (valid), efektif dan praktis, berdasarkan hasil penelitian analisis cluster persilangan kedelai tahan CpMMV. Modul disusun mengacu pada versi desain pembelajaran ASIE. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen angket validasi, soal berpikir kritis, dan angket tanggapan siswa. Teknik deskriptif kuantitatif dan skor N-gain digunakan sebagai teknik analisa data. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan rata-rata persentase kelayakan modul senilai 93%, termasuk kategori layak (valid). Kepraktisan modul menunjukkan persentase sebesar 78% dengan kriteria cukup praktis. Keefektifan modul dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis tergolong cukup efektif dengan rata-rata persentase sebesar 56,40% dan skor N-gain senilai 0,56, termasuk kategori sedang.