Hematemesis adalah muntah berdarah atau material seperti bubuk kopi, sedangkan melena adalah feses hitam seperti ter serta berbau busuk. Hematemesis melena merupakan kejadian gawat darurat di rumah sakit yang dapat menyebabkan kematian sebesar 8-14%. Beberapa bahan dan obat-obatan dapat memicu terjadinya hematemesis melena jika digunakan dalam dosis tinggi atau jangka waktu lama oleh pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi berbagai pemicu hematemesis melena dan jenisnya yang paling banyak. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara retrospektif dengan pendataan rekam medik pasien hematemesis melena yang dirawat inap selama periode 1 Januari "“ 31 Desember 2011, dilanjutkan dengan percobaan menggunakan metode kromatografi lapis tipis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dari keseluruhan pasien hematemesis melena, terdapat 70,0% kasus yang diketahui pemicunya, sedangkan 30% sisanya tidak diketahui. Sumber perdarahan hematemesis melena tersebut antara lain: varises esofagus (32,5%); gastropati hipertensi portal (5,0%); ensefalopati hepatikum (7,5%); varises esofagus dan gastropati hipertensi portal (25,0%); varises esofagus dan ensefalopati hepatikum (10,0%); varises esofagus, gastropati hipertensi portal, dan ensefalopati hepatikum (2,5%); varises esofagus, gastropati hipertensi portal, dan ulkus duodenum (5,0%); ulkus peptikum (7,5%); serta gastritis erosif berdarah (5,0%). Kemungkinan pemicu hematemesis melena adalah AINS "“ ibuprofen (5,0%), jamu pegal linu (30,0%), jamu nyeri otot (5,0%), jamu rheumatoid arthritis (5,0%), jamu yang tidak diketahui jenisnya (10,0%), dan alkohol (15,0%). Kemungkinan pemicu hematemesis melena terbanyak adalah jamu pegal linu, yaitu sebesar 30,0%.Kata kunci: hematemesis, melena, gastrointestinal, jamu pegal linu, studi retrospektif.AbstractHematemesis is the vomitus of bright red blood or "coffee-ground" material. Melena is black and tarry stool which is foul smelling because of the prescence of partially digested blood products. Hematemesis melena is a very common hospital emergency that still carries hospital mortality for 8-14%. Some drugs and substances may induce the occurence of hematemesis melena. These drugs and substances are usually used for a long time by the patients. This study was made by the aim to identify kinds of inductors and the most inductor of hematemesis melena. This study was done retrospectively using medical records of hospitalized hematemesis melena patients period by January 1 until December 31, 2011, followed by lab experiment using thin layer chromatography method, in. Result showed that there were 70.0% cases of total hematemesis melena patients with known inductors, while the 30% were unknown. Causes of hematemesis melena sources were esophageal varices (32.5%); gastropathy of portal hypertension (5.0%); hepatic encephalopathy (7.5%); esophageal varices and gastropathy of portal hypertension (25.0%); esophageal varices and hepatic encephalopathy (10.0%); esophageal varices, gastropathy of portal hypertension, and hepatic encephalopathy (2.5%); esophageal varices, gastropathy of portal hypertension, and duodenal ulcer (5.0%); peptic ulcer (7.5%); and bleeding erosive gastritis (5.0%). Based on the results of this study, hematemesis melena was possibly induced by NSAID "“ ibuprofen (5.0%), jamu (traditional herbal medicine) for stiffness (30.0%), jamu for muscle pain (5.0%), jamu for rheumatoid arthritis (5.0%), jamu for unknown indication (10.0%), and alcohol (15.0%). The most possible inductor of hematemesis melena was jamu for stiffness, that was 30.0%.Keywords: Hematemesis, melena, gastrointestinal, jamu for stiffness, retrospective study.