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HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEBIASAAN BURUK BERNAFAS MELALUI MULUT DAN TINGKAT KEPARAHAN MALOKLUSI DI SMPN 4 BANJARBARU DAN SMAN 4 BANJARBARU Nur Avia Feroza; Fajar Kusuma Dwi Kurniawan; Diana Wibowo
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v2i1.2598

ABSTRACTBackground: Malocclusion is an oral health problem which occupies in the third place after dental caries and periodontal disease. Data showed that the prevalence of malocclusion in Indonesian teenager was still at a hight rate that reached 90% on 1983 and 89% on 2006. Mouth breathing is a habit that can be the most common causes in the facial structure abnormalities and teeth occlusion. Malocclusion interpreted as occlusion that deviates from normal and cause disruption in the chewing, swallowing, and talking function. Purpose: To determine the correlation between bad habit of mouth breathing to the severity of malocclusion using Handicapping Malocclusion Assessment Record (HMAR). Method: This research uses an observational analytic with cross sectional approach. Samples are adolescents 13-18 years in SMPN 4 Banjarbaru and in SMAN 4 Banjarbaru were selected by random sampling method, 60 people consisting of 30 people in the group who do not breathe through the mouth and 30 people in the group to breathe through the mouth. Results: The results showed that severe malocclusion was more common in the group with mouth breathing was 24 people, while in the group without mouth breathing was 9 people. Statistical analysis with Lambda test obtained significance value of 0.0222 (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between the bad habit of mouth breathing to the severity of malocclusion.Keywords: Handicapping Malocclusion Assessment Record, malocclusion, mouth breathing

COMPARISON OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OFTHE SINGLE CANTILEVER SPRING BY USING ONE AND TWO ROUNDS COIL Diana Wibowo; Fajar Kusuma Dwi Kurniawan; Novilia Pangestu
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v2i1.2594

ABSTRACTBackground: Removable orthodontic appliances have been widely used for correcting malocclusion. It has active components to move a tooth, including a single cantilever spring. Single cantilever spring is indicated for correcting a tooth with a mild degree rotation, moving the individual tooth to labial or buccal direction. In orthodontics, in order to shift the tooth is required aintermitten strength, which one of them is by lengthen the wire with coil addition. An activated spring means performing deflection that produces compressive pressure to shift the tooth. Purpose: To compare the compressive strength of the single cantilever spring by using one and two rounds of coil. Methods: This research was a pure experimentation using post test-only with control design, consisted of two treatment groups, those groups are a single cantilever spring using one round coil and two rounds coil and a control group without using coil. The samples of this study use stainless steel wire with diameter of 0.6 mm, each group is deflected by 2 mm based on millimeter paper block. The compressive strength of each group was measured using a Gauge force meter. Results: Average scoring of the compressive strength was 307.17 gr/mm2 for the control group, the treatment group with single cantilever spring using one round coil was 197.83 gr/mm2 and single cantilever spring group using two rounds coil was 117.33 gr/mm2. The results of LSD test showed that there was significant difference between treatment group and control group. Conclusion: It concludes that the addition of the round coils can decrease compressive strength single cantilever spring.Keywords: compressive strength, coil, deflection, single cantilever spring

THE ANALYSIS OF PANDAN LEAF (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) EXTRACT AS INHIBITOR ON CORROSION RATE OF STAINLESS STEEL ORTHODONTIC WIRE Herawani Herawani; Diana Wibowo; Fajar Kusuma Dwi Kurniawan
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v3i2.5369

Background: Corrosion is a physical phenomenon that occurs due to electrochemical reactions between the metal and its environment which can lead to decreased quality of the metal so it becomes rough, fragile and easily wrecked. The cause of corrosion is the release of ion that occur due to the interaction of the wire to the environment with acid pH and friction between one component with other components. Purpose: This research aims to analyze pandan leaf extract as an inhibitor in reducing the corrosion rate of stainless steel wire. Methods: This type of research includes true experimental design with post test only control group design. The subject of this research consisted of three group: one control group and two treatment groups. The stainless steel wire control group was immersed in a saline solution, the stainless steel wire treatment group was immersed in the extract of 600 ppm and 1000 ppm pandan leaf. Each group consisted of 10 samples of scratched stainless steel wire along the wire, which is was cut 5 cm long and immersed in a solution od saline along with the extract of pandan. Results: The results showed that the average rate of corrosion of stainless steel wire immersed in the extract of 1000 ppm pandanleaf is was equal to 2,70419x10-5 mm/y, the average rate of corrosion of stainless steel wire immersed in the extract of 600 ppm pandan leaf was equal to 6,77152x10-5 mm/y and the average rate of corrosion of stainless steel wire immersed in a solution of saline was equal to 1,26262x10-5 mm/y. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the corrosion rate of orthodontic stainless steel wire immersed in the extract of 1000 ppm pandan leaf is lower than the extract of 600 ppm pandan leaf.

THE EFFECT OF STAINLESS STEEL WIRE IMMERSION IN COCONUT WATER TO RESILIENCE CHANGE Dwiki Azhar; Diana Wibowo; Fajar Kusuma Dwi Kurniawan
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v3i2.5374

Background: Orthodontic treatment is used to repair malocclusion. It is divided into fix and removable orthodontic and mostly use wire for the treatment. The wire that used in orthodontic treatment is austentic stainless steel type 304. Drinks that has low pH, such as coconut water may affect the stainless steel wire resilience. Objective: To determine the resilience effect of orthodontic wire that immersed in coconut water. Methods: This research was true experimental research with pre test and post test control group design use simple random sampling consisted of 2 groups. Control group was saline solution and treatment group was coconut water. Each group had 11 samples. Ortodontic wire 0.06 mm was cut along 3 cm and scratched. Measurement of the resilience wire was conducted before immersion and after immersion for 13 hours with temperature 37oC. Result: The study showed that wire resilience on saline solution before immersion and after immersion was 17,60 gram/mm. Wire resilience on coconut water before immersion was 17,60 gram/mm and after immersion was 17,59 gram/mm. The results of Dependent T test was p=0.167 (p> 0.05) and the test results of Independent T test was p=0.837 (p> 0.05). Conclusion: There is no effect of stainless steel orthodontic wire immersion in coconut water to the change of resilience.

THE ANALYSIS OF WULUH STARFRUIT LEAF EXTRACT (Averrhoa blimbi Linn) AS INHIBITOR ON CORROSION RATE OF STAINLESS STEEL ORTHODONTIC WIRE Larasitae G Banjang; Diana Wibowo; Fajar Kusuma Dwi Kurniawan
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v3i2.5368

Background: One type of wire used in orthodontic treatment is stainless steel and it has a potential to corrosion due to the environment around the oral cavity. The corrosion rate may happens depends the effect from the environment around the metal. One of the method that can be done to lower the corrosion rate is by using the extract of wuluh starfruit leaf (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) as an organic inhibitor. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the extract of wuluh starfruit leaf in lowering the corrosion rate of orthodontic stainless steel wire. Methods: This research was included as a kind of true experimental with post-test only control group design. This research consisted of control group and two treatment groups. Each group consisted of 10 sample orthodontic stainless steel wire with a length of 5 cm which was cut and scraped along the wire, then measured the corrosion rate on groups immersion in saline solution and the extract of wuluh starfruit leaf. Results: The results of this research showed that the average rate of corrosion ortodonthic stainless steel wire immersed in the wuluh starfruit leaf extract with concentration 1000 ppm was equal to 3,24x10-5 mm/y. The average rate of corrosion immersed in the wuluh starfruit leaf extract with concentration 600 ppm was equal to 6,31x10-5 mm/y and the average rate of corrosion immersed in a solution of saline was equal to 1,34x10-4 mm/y. Conclusion: The wuluh starfruit leaf extract can lower the corrosion rate which is indicated by the highest corrosion reduction in the group a wuluh starfruit leaf extract with concentration 1000 ppm.

GAMBARAN TINGKAT KEBUTUHAN PERAWATAN ORTODONTI DI SMPN 2 TAKISUNG BERDASARKAN INDEX OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT NEED (Penelitian Dilakukan di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan Kabupaten Tanah Laut Kecamatan Takisung Desa Tabanio) Muhammad Akbar Rezalinoor; Fajar Kusuma Dwi Kurniawan; Diana Wibowo
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 2, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v2i2.3998

Background: The incidence of malocclusion in Indonesian is quite high, reaching 80% by the population and it was ranked third after dental caries and periodontal disease. Malocclusion is the deviation of teeth, where the teeth are not in the normal position of the arch. Purpose: The aim of this study is to know the description of level treatment of orthodontic needs students in Junior High School 2 Takisung base on Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). IOTN consisted of two parts which are Aesthetic Component (AC) and Dental Health Component (DHC). Methods: This is a descriptive study, has done in SMPN 1 Takisung at Tabanio village on May - August 2016. The sample of the research is 60 students from the 154 total students. These sample observed using AC and DHC according to IOTN. Results: The result of the study showed that according to AC 65,0% don’t need treatment or need minor treatment, 20,0% need a borderline treatment and 15,0% really need treatment. According to DHC 25,0% don’t need treatment or need minor treatment, 11,7% need a borderline treatment and 63,3% really need treatment. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that in the assessment of teeth from the AC angle looks good, but in terms of DHC angle cannot be said to be good which AC and DHC factor it cannot be separated to determined the treatment orthodontic need.

EFEK PERENDAMAN MINUMAN BERKARBONASI TERHADAP DAYA LENTING KAWAT ORTODONTIK LEPASAN STAINLESS STEEL Priska E. Siagian; Diana Wibowo; Fajar Kusuma Dwi Kurniawan
Dentin Vol 2, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

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ABSTRACTBackground: Carbonated beverage is a daily drinks with carbonic acid and has pH of 2.32. Carbonated beverage with lower pH may cause the releasing of nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) ions on stainless steel orthodontic wire in oral cavity and result in alteration of resilience. Purpose: The aim of this research is to know the change of resilience of stainless steel removable orthodontic wire before and after immersion with carbonated beverages and saline solution. Material and methods: This study is true experimental study using pre and post test with control group design, consist of 10 treatment groups and 10 control groups were obtained from preliminary test, each group using stainless steel ortodontic wire with length of 3cm which the diameter is 0.6 mm and given a scratch along the wire then perform the resilience before and after the immersion using a force meter gauge. Each sample was immersed in an incubator at 37°C for 13 hours. Research result: The results showed that the average of resilience in the treatment groups before immersion was 17.65 gr/mm and after immersion of 17.61 gr/mm, while in control groups before and after immersion was 17,64 gr/mm. The results of Dependent and Independent T-test showed that there was no change of resilience of wire in the treatment groups and the control groups (p> 0,05). Conclusion: There is no significant change of stainless steel orthodontic wire resilience because of the release of nickel and chromium ions. ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Minuman berkarbonasi merupakan minuman yang mengandung asam karbonat dan memiliki pH 2,32. pH rendah dalam minuman berkarbonasi dapat menyebabkan pelepasan ion nikel (Ni) dan kromium (Cr) pada kawat ortodontik lepasan stainless steel yang berada lama di rongga mulut dan mengakibatkan perubahan daya lenting. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan daya lenting kawat ortodontik lepasan stainless steel sebelum dan sesudah perendaman dengan minuman berkarbonasi dan larutan salin. Metode dan bahan: Penelitian bersifat eksperimental murni dengan metode pre and post test with control group design, terdiri dari 10 kelompok perlakuan dan 10 kelompok kontrol yang diperoleh dari uji pendahuluan, masing – masing kelompok menggunakan kawat ortodontik stainless steel dengan panjang 3cm berdiameter 0,6 mm dan diberi goresan sepanjang kawat kemudian melakukan pengukuran daya lenting sebelum dan sesudah perendaman dengan menggunakan gauge force meter. Masing - masing sampel direndam didalam inkubator dengan suhu 370C selama 13 jam. Hasil penelitian: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata perubahan daya lenting pada kelompok perlakuan sebelum perendaman sebesar 17,65 gr/mm dan sesudah perendaman sebesar 17,61 gr/mm, sedangkan rerata pada kelompok kontrol sebelum dan sesudah perendaman sebesar 17,64 gr/mm. Hasil uji parametrik Dependen dan Independen T-test menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi perubahan daya lenting kawat pada kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol (p > 0,05). Kesimpulan: Perendaman kawat ortodontik stainless steel mengalami perubahan daya lenting namun tidak signifikan dikarenakan pelepasan ion nikel dan kromium tidak terlalu banyak.

PERBANDINGAN NILAI INDIKATOR MALOKLUSI RINGAN DENGAN MALOKLUSI BERAT BERDASARKAN INDEKS HMAR (Handicapping Malocclusion Assessment Record) Fitriani Fitriani; Fajar Kusuma Dwi Kurniawan; Diana Wibowo
Dentin Vol 2, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

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ABSTRACTBackground: Malocclusions areithe third major problem in dental health after dental caries and periodontal disease in Indonesia. HMAR (Handicapping Malocclusion Assessment Record) are an index that can be use totmeasure security of malocclusion, introduced by Salzmann in 1986. The HMAR indexrcan be used directly into patients and using a study model. Objective: To analyze the comparison of mild malocclusionaindicator values with severe malocclusion based on HMAR index (Handicapping Malocclusion Assessment Record) in triage patient on RSGM Gusti Hasan Aman. Method: This study use observational analytic withncross sectional approach in October-November 2017. The sample of the research is patient who cameifirst to RSGM Gusti Hasan Aman in triage stages with the range around 12-18 years old and all the oldest teeth have been dated and never do the orthodontic treatment. The sample wasfselected by using simple random sampling method as much as 82 respondents which is consisted of 41 respondents with malocclusion light and 41 respondents with mild malocclusion. Results: The results showedithat the most influential indicator for the occurrence of mild malocclusion was the lower jaw anterior teeth and severe malocclusion was the maxillary anterior teeth jointed on the (Intra Arch Deviation). Statistical analysis with Mann-Whitney test obtained significancetvalue of p=0,000 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the comparison of Handicapping Malocclusion Assessment Record (HMAR) index value, it can be concluded that the mild malocclusion indicator is bigger than the severe malocclusion indicator ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Maloklusi berada pada urutan ketiga yang cukup besar dalam masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut setelahikaries gigi dan penyakit periodontal di Indonesia. Indeks Handicapping Malocclusion Assessment Record (HMAR) adalah indeks yang dapat mengukur tingkat keparahan maloklusi, yang diperkenalkan oleh Salzmann pada tahun 1986. Indeks HMAR dapat digunakan secararlangsung pada pasien dan ada juga menggunakan model studi. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbandingananilai indikator maloklusi ringan dengan maloklusi berat berdasarkan indeks Handicapping Malocclusion Assessment Record (HMAR) pada pasien triage RSGM Gusti Hasan Aman. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan pendekatanncross sectional pada bulan Oktober-November 2017. Sampel penelitian ini adalah pasien yangipertama kali datang ke stase triage RSGM Gusti Hasan Aman dengan rentang usia 12-18 tahun dan gigi sulung sudah tanggal semua serta belum pernah melakukan perawatan ortodonti. Sampel dipilih menggunakan metodefsimple random sampling berjumlah 82 responden yang terdiri dari 41 responden maloklusi ringan dan 41 responden maloklusi berat. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai indikator yang berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya maloklusi ringaniadalah gigi berdesakan anterior rahang bawah dan maloklusi beratiadalah gigi berdesakan anterior rahang atas pada indikator penyimpangan gigi dalam satu rahang (Intra Arch Deviation). Analisis statistik dengan uji Mann-Whitney diperoleh nilai signifikasi sebesar p=0,000 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil perbandingan nilai indeks Handicapping Malocclusion Assessment Record (HMAR) dapat disimpulkan bahwa indikator maloklusi berat lebih besar daripada indikator maloklusi ringan.

PERBANDINGAN JARAK EKSPANSI ANTARA SUHU NORMAL DAN SUHU TINGGI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODIFIKASI MODEL STUDI Monatasia Sijabat; Fajar Kusuma Dwi Kurniawan; Diana Wibowo
Dentin Vol 1, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

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ABSTRACTBackground:Screws can be used to widen the expansion of the dental arch to the transversal, sagittal, anterior and posterior. Expansion screw has the basic ingredients which are made of metal, metal when heated will undergo expansion process. Purpose: Determine the differences within the maxillary dental arch widening between 37oC and 45oC by using screws expansion modification study models. Methods: This type of research conducted an experimental study of pure (true experimental) with only post-test design with control group design and using simple random sampling consisting of two groups of samples immersion at 37oC and 45oC. How to determine the number of samples that was using Lemeshow formula with the number of each group of 10 samples. Removable orthodontic appliance was installed on the model studies of the upper jaw, then screw the expansion was activated. Next, the sample immersed in a water bath with a temperature setting of 37oC and 45oC for 5 minutes, then do measurement distance widening the maxillary dental arch using a sliding digital caliper. Results: Showed that the samples contained within the widening difference maxillary dental arch between 37oC and 45oC, with an average difference interpremolar one time activation was 0.11 mm, 2 times of activation is 0.23 mm, 3 times activation is 0.35 mm and 4 times the activation is 0.48 mm.Conclusion:Based on the results of research conducted can be concluded that there are differences within the maxillary dental arch widening between 37oC and 45oC by using screws expansion modification study models. Values within the maxillary dental arch widening at 45oC higher than at 37oC. Key words: temperature, screw expansion, dental arch ABSTRAKLatarBelakang:Sekrupekspansi dapat digunakan untuk memperlebar lengkung gigi ke arah transversal, sagital, anterior maupun posterior. Sekrup ekspansi memiliki bahan dasar yang terbuat dari logam, apabila logam dipanaskan akan mengalami proses pemuaian.Tujuan:Untukmengetahuiperbedaanjarak pelebaran lengkung gigi rahang atas antara suhu 37oC dan suhu 45oC dengan menggunakan sekrup ekspansi pada modifikasi model studi. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian eksperimental murni (true experimental) dengan rancangan post-test only with control group design dan menggunakan simple random sampling yang terdiri dari dua kelompok yaitu perendaman sampel pada suhu 37oC dan suhu 45oC. Cara menentukan jumlah sampel yaitu menggunakan rumus Lemeshow dengan jumlah masing-masing kelompok sebanyak 10 sampel. Peranti ortodonti lepasan dipasang pada model studi rahang atas, kemudian sekrup ekspansi diaktivasi. Selanjutnya, sampel direndam di dalam water bath dengan pengaturan suhu sebesar 37oC dan 45oC selama 5 menit, setelah itu dilakukan pengkuran jarak pelebaran lengkung gigi rahang atas menggunakan sliding caliper digital. Hasil: Menunjukkanbahwapadasampelterdapat perbedaan jarak pelebaran lengkung gigi rahang atas antara suhu 37oC dan suhu 45oC, dengan rata-rata perbedaan interpremolar 1 kali aktivasi adalah 0,11 mm, 2 kali aktivasi adalah 0,23 mm, 3 kali aktivasi adalah 0,35 mm dan 4 kali aktivasi adalah 0,48 mm. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa terdapat perbedaan jarak pelebaran lengkung gigi rahang atas antara suhu 37oC dan suhu 45oC dengan menggunakan sekrup ekspansi pada modifikasi model studi. Nilaijarakpelebaranlengkunggigirahangataspadasuhu 45oC lebihbesardibandingkanpadasuhu 37oC. Kata kunci: suhu, sekrup ekspansi, lengkung gigi

PERBANDINGAN PRAKIRAAN USIA DARI TOOTH CORONAL INDEX METODE BENINDRA DENGAN USIA KRONOLOGIS PADA SUKU BANJAR Nida Rizky Yulianti; Irnamanda D.H; Fajar Kusuma Dwi Kurniawan
Dentin Vol 1, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

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ABSTRACT Background: Identification of age estimation through the teeth in Indonesia can be determined using Tooth Coronal Index by Benindra Method. Tooth Coronal Index by Benindra Method is a method to establish the age estimation by measuring the height of the crown and the height of the coronal pulp cavity of radiographs. Purpose: To analyze the comparison between age estimation of Tooth Coronal Index by Benindra method and chronological age at Banjarese population. Method: Analytic observational study with cross sectional design using the periapical radiographs of 70 samples of Banjarese population, followed by the measurement of the height of the crown and the height of the coronal pulp cavity of mandibular premolar using digital caliper. Result: The precentage of accuracy levels between age estimation and chronological age is 66% in Banjarese male and 60% in Banjarese female. The result were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test with p=0,105 (p>0,05) shows that there is no significant differences between age estimation of Tooth Coronal Index by Benindra method and chronological age at Banjarese population. Conclusion: There is no differences between age estimation of Tooth Coronal Index by Benindra method and chronological age at Banjarese population. Keywords: Tooth Coronal Index by Benindra Method, age estimation, chronological age, Banjarese population ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Identifikasi prakiraan usia melalui gigi di Indonesia dapat dilakukan menggunakan Tooth Coronal Index metode Benindra. Tooth Coronal Index metode Benindra adalah metode untuk menetapkan prakiraan usia dengan mengukur tinggi mahkota gigi dan tinggi ruang pulpa gigi pada foto radiografi. Metode ini dilakukan tidak spesifik pada suku tertentu. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisa perbandingan prakiraan usia dari Tooth Coronal Index metode Benindra dengan usia kronologis pada Suku Banjar. Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional menggunakan foto radiografi periapikal 70 sampel Suku Banjar yang kemudian dilakukan pengukuran tinggi mahkota gigi dan tinggi ruang pulpa gigi premolar rahang bawah dengan kaliper digital. Hasil: Persentase kesesuaian antara prakiraan usia dan usia kronologis sebesar 66% pada laki-laki dan 60% pada perempuan Suku Banjar. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney U dengan nilai p=0,105 (p>0,05) menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara prakiraan usia dari Tooth Coronal Index metode Benindra dengan usia kronologis pada Suku Banjar. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan prakiraan usia dari Tooth Coronal Index metode Benindra dengan usia kronologis pada Suku Banjar. Kata-kata kunci: Tooth Coronal Index Metode Benindra, prakiraan usia, usia kronologis, Suku Banjar

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