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THE REPRESENTATION OF THE DIVINE AND HUMAN BEING IMAGERY IN THE ENTITY OF RITUS SA’O NGAZA IN GURU SINA, NGADA, FLORES Yohanes Vianey, Watu; Maryah, Emiliana; Parimartha, I Gde; Meko Mbete, Aron
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Vol. 3, No. 1 Januari 2009
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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This dissertation discusses the representation of the Divine and human being imagery in theentity of ritus Sa’o Ngaza in the village of Guru Sina in Ngada Regency, Flores. The empiricproblems of this dissertasion are connected with the marginalized phenomenon of the local religionthat submerged in the entity of ritus Sa’o Ngaza and its ritual practices. This probelm is relevant tobe investigated from the perspectives cultural studies.The problems raised in this study are : 1) the representation of the Divine and human beingimagery in the entity of ritus Sa’o Ngaza, 2) the representation of the relationhip between the Divineand human being in ritual practices of Sa’o Ngaza, and 3) the meaning of the representation of theDivine and human being imagery in the entity of ritus Sa’o Ngaza. This study applies the qualitativemethod and the data collection was done using techniques of intensive interview, participationobservation,and documentation. The data were analyzed using the theory of ritus, the theory ofprocess,the theory of semiotics, and the theory of deconstruction.The findings of the study can be explained as follows. Firstly, the representation of theDivine imagery is dyadic and triadic. In the dyadic imagery representation, The Divine is depicted as’The Giver of an Unlimited Love and at the same time as ’The Unpredictable Taker of Love’. In thetriadic representation, The Divine is depicted as The Sacred, in the attributive as ‘The Beginning’,‘The End’, and ‘The Present Throughout’. In the dyadic imagery, the human being consists of theelements of the body and the soul, and in the triadic imagery, the human being consists of theelements of the body, the psyche, and the spirit.Secondly, the relation between the Divine and human being is representatively revealed inthe ritual practices of legitimating Sa’o Ngaza. This relation centers in the methapor of relationshipbetween the simbolic body dan the religious body, and affirms the status of human being as ’thewrapper of divinity seed’ and ‘His image’.Thirdly, the meaning of the representation of the Divine and human being imagery in theentity of ritus Sa’o Ngaza is sacral , spiritual, and moral. The sacral value pertains to the dinamicrelationship between the human being and the Divine in a sacral way and the sacral place. TheSpiritual value pertains to the relation intra-human being and his spiritual opened and connectedthrough inner feeling with the One Sacral in the strong effort of making the human being perfect.The moral value pertains to a good relationship among human beings themselves in accordance withtheir norms of community.The findings of the study enrich the theory of process about the concept of the Divine fromWhitehead and contrast with the theory of ritus as the choreography of violence from Smedal. In theentity of ritus Sa’o Ngaza, there is a unique concept of human being in the design of ulu palicarvings, which describes the ideology of leadership in the local tradition. The finding of thisconcept can become the model of implementation of the decostruction theory and the semiotictheory which removes and deconstructs binary opposition between the leader (ulu) and the follower(eko).

COMODIFICATION OF MAENGKET DANCE IN MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA Ivan, Ivan; Kutha Ratna, I Nyoman; Meko Mbete, Aron; Semadi Astra, I Gde
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Vol. 4, No. 1 Januari 2010
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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This research explores Comodification of Maengket Dance in Minahasa (TariMaengket hereon abbreviated to TM) in the globalization era. It reveals the empiricalfield reality related to comodification. The influence of global culture in Minahasa hasbeen responsible for the cultural practices of capitalism such as the emergence of culturalindustry which refers to the comodification of cultural forms as amusement industry,mass culture, popular culture and culture of consumerism. The TM has been comodified,commercialized, touristified in such a way that new meanings and forms are created.This research is focused on (1) form of the comodification of the TM inMinahasa, North Sulawesi in the globalization area; (2) the factors which have beenresponsible for the comodification of the TM Minahasa, North Sulawesi, and (3) theeffects and meanings of the comodification of the TM in Minahasa, North Sulawesi in theglobalization era.The related data were collected through interview, observation and documentationand they were descriptively, qualitatively and interpretatively analyzed. The data sourcesare some key informants and some other ordinary ones. The purposive method wasemployed to interview them. The theories used are the theory of comodification(Fairlough), the theory of popular culture (Williams and Agger), the theory ofdeconstruction (Derrida) and the theory of representation (Hall).The research findings show that comodifation has tended to the shift of the TMvalues following the pattern of arts organized by the ruler and entrepreneur, the pattern ofdistribution carried out through the inter group or institutional power relationship, andthat the form of comodification has taken place from the process of production to thecommunity of consumers which have been conditioned. It has also been found out thatthe factors of the supporting community, the creativity of the artists, Christianization,industry of culture, mass media and tourism have been responsible for the comodificationof the TM in Minahasa. The effects of the comodification are that the orientation of themagic-religious values has shifted to Christianity, the creativity of the artists has beenshackled, and the minahasanese political identity has become crystallized. And then, themeanings of the comodification are competitiveness, contestation, image, well-being, andrepresentation of minahasanese identity.

LOCAL GENIUS AS SOCIO-CULTURAL CAPITAL FOR EMPOWERING THE BAJO ETHNIC PEOPLE RESIDING AT THE COASTAL AREA OF BUNGIN PERMAI VILLAGE, SOUTH EAST SULAWESI Ali Basri, La Ode; Parimartha, I Gde; Ardika, I Wayan; Meko Mbete, Aron
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Vol. 5, No. 1 Januari 2011
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

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In this dissertation the local genius as socio-cultural capital for empowering theBajo ethnic people residing at the costal area of Bungin Permai Village, TinanggeaDistrict, South Konawe Regency, South Sulawesi Province is discussed. The Bajo ethnicpeople have a set of local genius within their socio-cultural system which is reflected intheir belief, tradition and custom and is used as the reference for conceiving andexplaining the objective and essence of life and the world. However, such local geniushas not functioned optimally yet as they are still marginalized.This research is focused on (1) what forms of local genius serve as the sociocultural capital for empowering the Bajo ethnic group residing at the coastal area?; (2)how the local genius is developed to empower the Bajo ethnic people residing at thecoastal area?; and (3) what factors which may support and obstruct the local genius usedas the socio cultural capital for empowering the Bajo ethnic people residing at the coastalarea? Qualitative method is employed in this study with the approach of cultural studies.The theories used are the post colonial theory, structural theory, generative theory,hegemony theory and semiotic theory. The techniques used for collecting the data neededare participative observation, in-depth interview, library research, and focus groupdiscussion. The data obtained are analytically and descriptively processed and arepresented in the forms of narration, tables and visual illustration.The results of the study show that the Bajo ethnic people residing at BunginPermai Village have a set of local genius which may be potentially used as the sociocultural capital for empowering their community such as (1) indigenous skills andknowledge; (2) working culture; and (3) local organizations. The development of theindigenous skills and knowledge (pengetahuan dan ketrampilan asli; hereon abbreviatedto PKA) and the revitalization of their local organizations may be used as the sociocultural capital for empowering their community. The factors supporting the local geniusused as the socio cultural capital to support the empowerment of the Bajo ethnic peopleresiding at the coastal area are (1) availability of marine resources around the area where they live; (2) the existence of their local organizations; (3) being supporting by thecommunity and the government. The factors obstructing the local genius used as thesocio cultural capital to support the empowerment of the Bajo ethnic people residing atthe coastal area are (1) capitalistic economic transformation taking place within theircommunity; (2) collision against the mainland community with regard to cultural values;(3) low quality human resources; (4) negative image of the Bajo community. Themeanings of the local genius as the socio cultural capital for empowering the communityare (1) cultural preservation; (2) community empowerment and independence.

TRANSLITERATION FROM LATIN INTO BALINESE SCRIPT (AKSARABALI)USING COMPUTERIZED PROGRAM OF BALI SIMBAR I Ketut Paramarta; Aron Meko Mbete; Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya; A.A. Putu Putra
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol. 9 Januari 2015 No. 1
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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The process of transliteration(Latin-Balinese script) by using a computerized program of Bali Simbar is a noble step to preserve the existence of Balinese script from the domination of the written tradition with Latin letters. The utilization of Bali Simbar program in transliteration process has proved to have many advantages. First, the result of transliteration is not just a paper printout but canbe stored in digital soft copy form that does not require a large space, can be duplicated, and persist for a long time. Second, the process ofLatin-Balinese text transliteration by utilizing BaliSimbar program is much faster than manual transliteration. Third, the cost needed in the process of Latin-Balinese transliteration of satua is very little because it only requires a software program of Bali Simbar and computer (personal computer/PC, laptop, or notebook). This study was focused on the transliteration of ten satua text from Gedong Kirtya Singaraja Museum collection performed by 4th semester students of Balinese Language Education Department of Undiksha.

PHONOLOGICAL AND LEXICAL DESCRIPTION OF MODEBUR LANGUAGE La Ino; Aron Meko Mbete; Ni Made Dhanawaty; Inyo Fernandez
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol. 7. Juli 2013 No. 2
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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This article, in which the theory structural phonology was used, discusses the phonological and lexical description of Modebur language, one of the local languages in Pantar Island. The result of analysis shows that the Modebur language has five vowels; they are /i/, /e/, /a/, /o/, and /u/. They all can distribute in the initial, medial and final position of words. It has sixteen phonemes and sixteen consonants, many of which can distribute in the beginning of words, some can distribute in the initial and medial position of words only, and one can only distribute in the final position of words. The consonants which can distribute completely are /p/, /b/, /m/, /t/, /n/, /s/, /l/, /k/, /?/, /g/, and the ones which can distribute in the initial and medial position of words are /j/, /h/, /w/, and the one which can distribute in the final position of words is /?/.

ECOLINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE OF KERAPINGAN CULTURE Kanisius Rambut; Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya; Made Budiarsa; Aron Meko Mbete
e-Journal of Linguistics 2016: Vol 10. No. 1 January
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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This article is designed to explore the problem of the rapingn crops encoded in the form of words, phrases, sentences and even discourse. This scientific study raised several issues, such as How do people manage raping plant as one of the supporting community cultural activity? How kerapingan forms of expression are seen as ideas, thoughts, and ideology of the environment in which they live? What are the meanings contained in the expression of kerapingan? What are the functions of kerapaingan expressions relating to the relationship between people and raping plants? This paper aims to describe the raping crop management, kerapingan form of expression, the meaning contained in kerapingan expression, and function of kerapingan expressions. To explain the problems of the study, eco-linguistic framework is used. The principle of eco-linguistic theory is a way of managing raping crop diversity to create a mutually dependent relationship between the public and raping plants, insects, and other plants. The framework of interaction and interdependence create also mutual respect, and respect between human beings and the natural surroundings, raping plants, bamboo plants, insects, such as wasps, and animals such as ferrets. To obtain such data, interviews and observation methods were applied

CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR IN THE PARABLES ON THE GOSPEL OF LUKE: AN ENGLISH - INDONESIAN TRANSLATION STUDY Ni Nyoman Tri Sukarsih; Made Budirasa; Ketut Artawa; Aron Meko Mbete
e-Journal of Linguistics 2016: Vol. 10 No. 2 July
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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This study aims at exploring the application of conceptual metaphors in the parable texts found in the Gospel of Luke and various strategies applied in the translation of conceptual metaphors from English into Bahasa Indonesia. The research utilizes qualitative method in the form of text analysis to analyze the translation product based on a parallel corpus derived from the English version of the New Living Translation Bible published in 2008 by Lembaga Alkitab Indonesia and its translation into Bahasa Indonesia. Metaphorical expressions in sub-corpus were identified using data reduction technique in the form of parable texts found in the Gospel of Luke, which were collected, selected, simplified and abstracted. The findings emerged from this study. Firstly, from the conceptual mapping all three categories of conceptual metaphor were discovered including orientational metaphor, ontological metaphors, and structural metaphor. Secondly, to overcome the problems of translating conceptual metaphors, the translators applied methods closely oriented towards target language (TL) based on a number of conceptual metaphors translation procedures. Translation techniques employed include the communicative translation method.

MARRIAGE RITUAL TEXT OF BALINESE TRADITIONAL COMMUNITY: AN ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMIC LINGUISTICS Putu Sutama; I Gusti Made Sutjaja; Aron Meko Mbete; Mahyuni -
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol. 4. Juli 2010 No. 2
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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The Marriage Ritual Text of Balinese Traditional Community (Teks Ritual‘Pewiwahan’ Masyarakat Adat Bali, hereon abbreviated to TRPMAB) in this dissertationis analyzed in the perspective of linguistic studies using the functional systemic linguistictheory. TRPMAB is a dialogic text containing a discussion, and is terminologicallytermed as a conversational text. It refers to the use of Balinese language (Bahasa Bali,hereon abbreviated to BB) in a marriage ritual. There are two inseparable systems in it;they are BB system and social system, which are widely termed as cultural system.The method employed in this study is field method, meaning that the researcherwent directly to the field or to the location where TRPMAP took place. The researcherdirectly took part as both the active and passive participant. In this way, the researchcould observe TRPMAB directly.The population of the study includes all TPRB in Bali. Considering that thepopulation is too wide, then samples were taken to represent all the population. Thesamples total 10 which were obtained from the biggest marriage processions in Bali. Outof the 10 samples, 6 units of text were selected as the corpus of the study. The selectionwas made based on particular criteria including quality. It is this corpus which wasanalyzed to support and examine the hypothesis related to the text analyzed.The analysis of TRPMAB includes: the structure of the texts, the mood, thetransitivity, the theme-rheme and the logical relationship between the clause and theideology. The findings are as follows:(1) TRPMAB is a text which has a number of structural dimensions such as (a)cultural structure, (b) macro structure, that is, the structure related to the situationalcontext made up of field, tenor and mode, (c) micro structure, (d) structure of meaning,that is, the structure related to the sequence of meanings between the participants withinthe dialogue, and (e) the texture, that is, the intact successive relationship of meaningsamong parts of the text.(2) TRPMB is a text which has a particular system of mood according to thesystem in Balinese language. The structure of clausal mood is made up of subjectfollowed predicate (S?P), the structure of clausal mood is made up of mood and residue,and the system of modality is made up of modalization.(3) TRPMB is a text which has macro transitivity termed as transitivity, that is,the system of valency existing among the processes and participants. The processes usedare ordered as follows: mental process (1,361), existential process (1.071), verbal process(461), relational process (222), behavior process (105) and material process (225). Addedtogether, there are 3,445 processes.(4) TRPMAB is a text which has complete composition of theme - rheme such as(a) the theme of intra participants, that is, the theme which occupies the first position inthe structure of mood; (b) the topical theme, that is, the theme which occupies the initialposition in the structure of transitivity; and (c) the textual theme, that is, the theme whichoccupies the initial position in the text.(5) TRAPMAB is a text which is constructed by the logic syntactic and semanticrelationships. As far as the logic semantic relationship is concerned, only expandedrelationship of meaning has been found, that is, a type of relationship in which themeaning of the secondary clause extends or develops the meaning of the primary clauseby elaboration, extension and multiplicity.Apart from being bound to the Balinese cultural context, it is also bound toideology. As far as the Balinese culture is concerned, the ideology referred to is the onewhich is adhered to in the Balinese culture, that is, the one which is related to Hinduismand covers values, esthetics and social patterns. The ideological analysis formulates thatthat the ideology of TRPMAB can be identified through field, participants and mode.

THE INTERGENERATIONAL UNDERSTANDING AND USE LEVEL OF BAMBOO AND COCONUT TREE LEXICONS IN THE SPEECH COMMUNITY OF USING Ni Nyoman Sarmi; Aron Meko Mbete; Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya; Ni Nyoman Padmadewi
e-Journal of Linguistics 2016: Vol 10. No. 1 January
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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The study is aimed at describing the level of understanding and use of the bamboo and coconut tree lexicons which refer to both the entity and its derivatives by Using ethnic community and the factors that become the background. To cope with the research problems ecolinguistic theory was applied. The data were collected by using observation, interview and documentation methods supported by recording technique and questionnaires. Results of the data analysis are presented with formal and informal methods of deductive and inductive techniques, The results of analysis indicate that the level of respondents’ understanding and use on the lexicons of bamboo and coconut trees vary. The level of understanding and use of these two generic lexicons reaches 100% for all respondents while for specific lexicons and its derivatives, the understanding and use seem to vary. The lexicons which reference entities have a high usefulness, interaction, interrelation and interdependency, the level of understanding and use is also high. Inspite of its numerous entity population, the population of entities seem much but if the lexicon does not have the benefit on the lives of the respondents, the level of understanding of the lexicon can be high but usage levels are low, particularly for juvenile respondents. In addition, there are a number of lexicon with a usage rate of 0% among the juvenile respondents. It happened on the lexicon of equipment made of bamboo which has a rare or endangered reference entity because its function is replaced by another entity. Meanwhile, the factors that cause differences in the level of intergenerational understanding and use level of the lexicon of bamboo and coconut trees include (1) little population of entities; (2) less interaction, interrelation and interdependence on the reference entities; (3) some UL lexicon are replaced by other language lexicons; (4) the absence of transfer of knowledge of the reference entity from the predecessor generation; (5) the function of the reference entity is replaced by another entity function; and (6) the level of understanding and use of the respondent only at the level of generic lexicon.

PHONOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF OIRATA AND ITS GENETIC RELATIONSHIP WITH NON-AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES IN TIMOR LESTE Halus Mandala; Aron Meko Mbete; Ni Made Dhanawaty; Inyo Yos Fernandez
e-Journal of Linguistics Vol. 5. Januari 2011 No. 2
Publisher : Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program

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Oirata (Or) as a NAN language was indicated to have a genetic relationshipwith languages in East Timor, i.e. Bunak (Bn) and Makasai (Mk) (Greenberg, 1971) andwith Mk, Fataluku (Ft) and Lovaea (Lov) (Capell, 1975). The two opinions are confusingand different from one another. Hence, an effort to trace the genetic relationship of thelanguages was made to clarify the matter. Or in Kisar Island was also assumed tooriginate from East Timor (de Jong, 1937). The native speakers should have brought withthem their language and it is believed that the acculturation and language contact with thelanguages in the surrounding areas must have occurred. This condition opened up roomfor internal and external evolution in Or.This study observed nine languages: two languages in Kisar Island and sevenin East Timor. The data were collected through interviews and face-to face conversationswith the informants who were selected by purposive sampling until a point of saturationwas reached. https://anton-nb.com The data analysis was done by using vertical-horizontal syncomparative anddiacomparative method which led to the following conclusions.Or, Ft and Mk were diachronically and convincingly proved to have a closegenetic relationship with a split patterned family tree. The Oirata-Fataluku-Makasai(OFM) group that was once the ancestor of the three languages underwent a split intoOirata-Fataluku (OF) and Mk. It means that Or is closer o Ft than Mk and at the sametime it refuted the opinions of Greenberg (1971) and Capell (1975) that Or is closer toMk.Or turned out to have undergone an internal phonological evolution as theresult of a diachronic interaction with languages that were genetically related to it in theform of: (1) vocal split */i//_#, */a//#_ and /_#; (2) vocal merger */e//_#, (3) vocalcentralization, (4) consonant split and (5) voiced stop consonant formation. The externalphonological evolution was caused by the contact with the languages in the region andOr has undergone: (1) enrichment of consonant phonemes: /b/, /c/, /d/, /j/, /g/, /ng/, /f/, /v/,and /z/, (2) formation of clusters, (3) addition of homorganic nasal stop consonantclusters: /mp/,/mb/, /nt/, /n?/, and (4) shift toward a non-vocalic language.

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